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Semantic Web Technologies in Knowledge Management
No full textKnowledge management is a big challenge especially in large organisations. Knowledge resides in many different forms: as explicit knowledge in documents and processes and as tacit knowledge in people and procedures and in many different forms between these two extremes. The vision of the Semantic Web is to offer more intelligent services by facilitating machineunderstanding of web content. Ontologies are an important building block in Semantic Web. An ontology describes the concepts, their relationships and properties within their domain, and it can be utilised both to offer automatic infering and interoperability between applications. This is an appropriate vision for knowledge management, too. This paper describeshow Semantic Web ontologies can be utilised in a research organisation to create a common language to describe its knowledge. The same ontology can be utilised to manage projects, people, documents and products. With a common ontology, information that is spread out in many different applications and documents can be viewable in a way that is easyto understand and navigate. The ontology makes it possible to search both knowledge content and experts who are linked to different topics, thereby bridging the gap between the tacit and explicit knowledge
Open Access Session
No full textThis session is intended to provide audience with up-to-date information about the world-wide open access movement and its implications for the library and scholarly communities. Speakers will showcase sometechnological under-layers and common protocols that are facilitating the current movement, and present some ongoing initiatives that are exploring alternative models of publishing, particularly through open access. Anunderlying theme of the session is the importance of institutional collaborations, particularly those between institutions in developing and the developed countries
Ep2010 ? A Strategic European Study on the Future of Electronic Publishing Towards 2010
No full textOur presentation gives an outlook on some of the main results of a strategic European study entitled ?EP2010 ? The Future of Electronic Publishing Towards 2010?. The paper puts forward the thesis that, driven by the emerging knowledge economy, ?traditional? publishing industries will have to face the technological and economic challenges of knowledgeenhanced publishing: Novel publishing objects will provide different information layers (adapters) including an underlying knowledge structure to enable value adding (in a very broad sense) along various steps in the publishing workflow. We introduce the concept of ?smart content? to define, along the digital content value chain, the major technological challenges and market scenarios for the future of the electronic publishing sector in the knowledge economy. Smart content objects will,among other properties, be personalised, adaptable, evolvable, unobtrusive, interoperable and ubiquitous. A proposed research map including foundational research, application-oriented research on the publishing and knowledge management workflow and integrative research, e.g. on semantic interoperability, reflects the needs of the publishing industries regardingthe paradigm change from traditional ?canned? publishing towards knowledge based publishing in 2010
Practical Approach to Automatic Text Summarization
No full textThe significance of automatic document summarization increases with the threat of information overload we are facing. Short summaries can be presented to users, for example, in place of fulllength documents found by a search engine in response to a user?s query. We have analyzed variousapproaches to document summarization, using some existing algorithms and combining these with a novel use of itemsets. The resulting summarizer is evaluated by comparing classification of original documents and that of abstracts generated automatically. Despite highly promising results achieved by this evaluation, readability of abstracts must be further improved by integrating additional heuristic approaches
The German Academic Publishers Project ? Gap
No full textGerman Academic Publishers (GAP, www.gap-c.de) is a project funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Science Foundation, www.dfg.de) for the purpose of creating a new model for academic publishing. Activities commenced in December 2001 and funding is secure for two years; a follow-up proposal requesting an extension of fundingfor additional developments and integration will be submitted to the DFG. The project is not centered around research and development activities but is rather an infrastructure project. Goals of the project include creation of an organizational network of academic presses and other (in the sense of GAP) eligible publishing institutions, creation of a business plan toguarantee a sustainable ?life? for GAP after funding expires and establishing the necessary infrastructure for onlinepublishing(including a peer-reviewing process) and on-line management of persons, roles and other elements of the publishing-process. Core-partners in the project are Hamburg University Computing Center, State and University Library Hamburg, University Library Karlsruhe and the Library and Information System of the Oldenburg University. In the courseof the project other partners have joined GAP to evaluate it as well as to contribute expertise in areas not covered by the original partners. Thus far the network has been set up and organized with a so-called Back Office at the center of the cooperation. The Back Office provides technical services such as running the publication system and offering OAI-compatibleexport of metadata and document storage, but at the same time it is to serve as a Center of Competence to universities planning to found their own academic university presses. The members and partners of GAP are the so-called Front Offices, using the infrastructure of GAP. Front Offices can be academic presses, learned societies, universities as a whole or faculties and departments, even individual scientists. The Front Offices customers ? the authors ? process their publications throughGAPware, GAP?s on-line publication system. This will ensure speedy processing and return scientific publication to one of its original goals: scientific communication. All the more so, as one of GAP?s aims is to make what is published through its channels freely available on the internet. GAPware is the on-line publication system developed in Oldenburg andprogrammed for GAP by the Institute for Science Networking. Features include ? naturally ? the entire publication process, publication-container management, author and peer-reviewer management, an elaborate peer-reviewing element, as well as in the future a pre-publication and a print-on-demand option. GAPware is in a beta-stage, but will be refined further in theupcoming months. The most imminent work within the project is the development of a business plan to ensure sustainability for GAP beyond the original financing by the German Science Foundation (DFG
Scientific Publication Life-Cycle Model (Splc)
No full textThe scientific publishing process has during the past few years undergone considerable changes, due to the possibilities offered by the Internet for fast delivery and inter-linking of publications which refer to each other. The socio-economic structures have, however, not changed much, and many academics and librarians view the current situation as sub-optimaland highly unsatisfactory. This has triggered a number of initiatives to set up e-print repositories and electronic peer reviewed journals, which usually offer the full text for free on the web. The label Open Access is gaining popularity for describing such efforts, in line with the Open Source term used in the software development community. Despite the obvious advantages it offers, Open Access hasn?t become as widespread as expected, and there is a need for both successful demonstrator projectsand serious research studying the way the scholarly communication system is affected by the Internet. As a part of the EU funded SciX project the cost implications of different publishing models are being studied. A basis for the cost studies is the formal process model of the scientific publishing process, which is presented in this paper. The model has been developedusing the IDEF0 modelling method, a method which allows the breaking up of a process into its parts connected by output and input arrows. The Scientific Publication Life-Cycle Model models the life cycle of the single publication, in particular the refereed journal article, from the research leading to it and writing it into it being read by other researchers years later or used as an impulse for practical implementation. The paper presents the 22 hierarchical diagrams of the model including 64separate activities. Conclusions are drawn about the usefulness of the modelling methodology for this particular purpose as well as of future use of the model itself. In addition to providing a basis for cost studies the model could function as a road map for different types of Open Access initiatives
Stop Reading (Useless Parts)!
No full textInformation overload is one of the biggest problems currently omnipresent in the word largest network, the Internet. No general solution exists therefore it is important to handle this problem at least in certain areas. Large collections of articles are available to the users ofthe Internet. Since technology is very easy to handle for information providers, literally every person who has access to a computer, which is connected to the internet, is able to provide articles for other users. Unfortunately, all these collections generate additional informationoverload. Once people are aware of a new service-provider, it is impossible for users to read all the articles provided to them. This article is divided in two parts: First, we discuss the concept of finding the right collection of articles and the right articles in this collection. Second, we discuss mechanisms for finding the right parts to read in an article
DIGITAL INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORY DEVELOPMENT ? ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS
No full textThis workshop will focus primarily on the organizational and business issues around building a digital institutional repository. An institutional repository minimally meets four criteria
? Institution-based
? Scholarly material in digital formats
? Cumulative and perpetual
? Open and interoperable
As background, this workshop will review the reasons behind the development of the DSpace service at MIT, including system development and the service and business models that served to move the project from research effort to a fully functional and integrated libraryservice. Although the business model we developed has MIT specific inputs, we find that many issues are common to all institutions that wish to develop an institutional repository service offering. For the purposes of organization, those issues can be grouped into
? Implementation Planning
? Legal and Regulatory Environment
? Local Policy Development
? Cost and Funding Models
This workshop will focus on the business and organizational requirements for building sustainable institutional repositories, as opposed to the technical aspects
THE RADIO NACIONAL DE ESPA?A SOUND ARCHIVE PRESERVATION
No full textThe 20th century Spanish sound history has been preserved in digital format and can now be consulted online through intranet. This is a pioneer project in the broadcasting industry around the world finished in December 2002. The Radio Nacional de Espa?a (RNE) sound archive has been massively digitized and several applications to access this information online have been developed. This archive is considered the most important audio archive in Spanish language in the world. Special innovation has been used in four areas: the development of a complex system designed for the supervision of the project defined workflow, the creation of a solution for the massive and automatic importation of the contents in CD format, the definition of an algorithm that maximizes the documental information to be inserted in the metadata file of the documental typology and the usage of information technology longitudinal tape to store the content. Successful team work was implemented by RNE sound archivists, documentalists, audio engineers and IT professionals; IBM Global Services consultants, digitization operators and systems engineers; IBM product managers and sales representatives
Journal Copyright Transfer Agreements: Their Effect on Author Self-Archiving
No full textThis paper reports on the results of an analysis of 80 copyright transfer agreements (CTAs) with particular regard to their effect on author self-archiving. It shows the number of CTAs asking for copyright assignment, the time of assignment and what happens when copyright cannot be assigned. It outlines the warranties required of the author, and the exceptions granted back to the author by which they may use their own work. In particular it focuses on the number of CTAs allowing self-archiving and the conditions under which they may do so. It concludes that whether an author can safely self-archive or not depends on a complex matrix of the following factors: i) whether copyright assignment or a non-exclusive licence is required; ii) the time of copyright assignment; iii) if (and when) CTA?s actually allow self-archiving; iv) if publishers do not allow self-archiving, but do not see it as ?prior publication?; v) whether the preprint is legally a separate copyright work to the refereed postprint; and vi) whether the author wishes to self-archive a pre-print, postprint or both