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Membrane Performance on Biodiesel Production and Purification: A Review
Get PDFAbstract: Biodiesel is considered as a renewable and cleaner fuel compared to the equivalent fossil fuels. However, the conventional methods of biodiesel production as well as its purification processes present economic and environmental limitations. Membrane based systems can significantly improve biodiesel yield retaining the unrecovered feedstock and recycle it to the reactor for further esterification/transesterification. Moreover, the simultaneous removal of byproducts leads in high purity and quality biodiesel production. The current study presents recent experimental and modeling results based on a PRISMA literature review analysis. Several membrane-based catalytic systems were categorized by their performance and stability on biodiesel production as well as by their biodiesel purification for glycerol removal. Findings indicated that high biodiesel yield can be achieved by using catalytic synthesized membranes of different materials; while their stability presents high rate after several runs in batch mode or continuous running mode. In the purification process, glycerol removal over filtration membrane systems seems to be a viable solution for obtaining high quality biodiesel and avoiding wet washing methods that result in wastewater generation. Membrane technology contributes in biodiesel production and purification processes enhancing cost reduction and environmental protection. Nevertheless, more research is required for further industrialization.
Keywords: Membranes, Biodiesel production, Membrane reactor, Catalytic activity, Catalytic stability
Acid-Modified ZnO Nanoparticles Embedded Polysulfone Membranes for Separation of Copper from Industrial Wastewater
No full textAbstract: Copper is one of the crucial materials for the biological activity of human beings and is known for antimicrobial properties during wound management. Hence its presence in the effluent is overlooked although it is reported to be detrimental at higher concentrations. Its effect on humans varies from simple dizziness, diarrhea to liver/kidney damage, etc. Various techniques are reported for separation of these toxic pollutants from effluent. This article focuses on development of polysulfone-based membranes with use of additives: polyethylene glycol (PEG) and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) (nascent and modified with HCl) for separation of copper from effluent by Donnan Exclusion principle. The incorporation of acid treated ZnO NPs in membrane matrix provides surface charge to membrane. This results in repulsive interaction with copper salts from process which retained in retentate as per Donnan exclusion principle. The membrane formed with 40% PSF- 0.8% ZnO NPs shows the rejection of copper up to 40%, which raises to 61% when instead of nascent NPs, HCl treated NPs were used. The rejection efficiency of the membrane raises up to 90% when PEG was used along with PSF and ZnO NPs (acid treated). The use of modified NPs in membrane matrix has strong impact on membrane morphology and rejection efficiency. The modification of surface charge properties and morphological distribution of NPs is supported by FTIR and EDX. Further the separation works upon physical distribution of NPs, which would help to maintain the stability properties of PSF based membrane enhancing its applicability in actual process conditions.
Keywords: Copper, Wastewater, Recovery, Membrane, ZnO Nano powder, Acid modification, Donnan exclusion
Study the Potential of Biological Growth on Dead-end Hollow Fiber Membrane using Oilfield Effluent
No full textAbstract: Oil and gas-producing countries are suffering from water resource depletion without any treatment or with technologies that have the same impact, regardless of how expensive or large a land area required. On the other hand, domestic wastewater also has many treatment technologies, and biological full cell is one of them. Using an end-of-tube hollow fiber membrane in domestic wastewater allows biological microorganisms to grout and treat the water, whereas using oil-filled water has not been studied so far. This study addresses the potential of biological growth on two different types of dead-end hollow fiber membranes by using three samples of oilfield water i.e., Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor OxyMem and MEMCOR® Ultrafiltration. The Membrane Bioreactor Systems are selected for the current studies and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to show the biological growth on selected types of membrane to treat the oilfield wastewater. As a result, the growth in OxyMem is better which is 54% of COD removal and 55% NT removal for 55 days, whereas MEMCOR shows comparatively less growth in SEM results with 33% of COD removal and 9% NT removal during the same period. Therefore, this confirms that both types of membranes can be used to treat oilfield water in biological cells and noticed a better performance in OxyMem compared to MEMCOR
Microbiological Evaluation of Surimi Product Processed from Marine Fish of Karachi Coast, Northern Arabian Sea
Get PDFAbstract: The fish provisions manufacturing industries is demanding to produce diversification of foodstuffs from repercussion or less valuable fishes in response to increasing consumer nutritional requirements on the globe. Surimi is the one of the most important processed seafood having valuable and predominant protein content. Surimi is perishable, and when it rots, it has a strong odor and a bad taste. Degradation is due to enzymatic autolytic spoilage, fat oxidation, microbiological decay, or a mixture of these factors. The most stern seafood security affairs leading to potentially contaminated products relate to microorganisms, especially bacterial pathogens. For this purpose fish surimi product were collected for the microbiological evaluation, total plate count (TPC), total coliform, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Vibrio, and Staphylococcus aureus from seabird fisheries Karachi during January to June 2020. The examined samples ranges varied between TPC (1.0 to 7.8) cfu/gm, TC (11 to 460 MPN/gm), FC (11 to 210 MPN/gm), E.coli (1.9 to 20), and Staphylococcus aureus (24 to 182 cfu/gm). The mean of TPC (4.6±2.12 cfu/gm), TC (120.2±107.29 MPN/gm), FC (67.03±28.02 MPN/gm), E.coli (9.1±5.94), Staphylococcus aureus (85.2±65.43 cfu/gm) were measured in (N=20) fish surimi product sample. Salmonella sp. and Vibrio sp. were absent in all examined samples
Development of Thermal Energy Storage Measure by the Using Thermodynamic Analysis
Get PDFThe comparison between compressed air energy storage, batteries, and thermal energy storage is crucial in understanding their respective roles in meeting heating and cooling demands in an energy-efficient and cost-effective manner. This study aims to quantify the impact of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) measures on a building's heating and cooling demands, particularly focusing on system efficiency and boiler cycling. Through thermodynamic analysis and modeling of TES systems with varying storage capacities, this research aims to showcase the potential of TES in optimizing peak thermal loads, consequently reducing the required boiler or chiller capacity and enhancing overall thermal system efficiency
Increasing Exposure of Digital Devices and Its Impact on Physiological and Psychological Development Among Children: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies
No full textIt is true that technology make our lives very comfortable, but it should not be at the expense of our health. Exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields has raised scientific and public concerns. It is necessary to acknowledge the adverse effects on the health among children using digital devices. Innovation in computers and mobile 5G phones, online games and use of social media applications are in a great boom. Study of various reviews give the current exposure effects due to these radiations. Here in this paper, we have included studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 2010 and 2023 which are based on empirical evidence and reviews. We have identified 57 published papers on health effects of digital devices on physiological and psychological aspects of children. Some of the major health related physiological problems are reported in the reviews are musculoskeletal problems, sleep disturbances, headache issues and eyestrain. Whereas Psychological problems highlighted in the reviews are poor concentration, memory loss, stress, depression etc. At present, there is insufficient data to draw firm conclusions about health effects due to the exposure of digital devices which are occurring in the everyday environment. Currently, there is little epidemiological evidence indicating that the use of digital devices causes adverse health effects
Social Intellect and Overall Self-Efficiency as Indexes of Students Public Speaking Abilities
No full textThe purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between Social Intellect also overall self-efficiency as potential predictors of public speaking abilities among college students. There was a total of 399 participants in the research, including 214 males also 185 females. These individuals were chosen at random from Isra University also the University of Jordan. The findings indicated that self-efficiency had a greater impact on the students' ability to improve their public speaking abilities than Social Intellect did. It was found that there was a relatively significant connection between overall self-efficiency and also Social Intellect. Furthermore, the data demonstrated a marginally significant positive correlation between overall self-efficiency and also the ability to communicate effectively in public settings. In addition, the Pearson test found a somewhat positive correlation between social IQ also the capacity to communicate effectively in public. It was believed that factors such as Social Intellect also overall self-efficiency were favorable markers of their ability to communicate effectively in public. Finally, a gender difference that was statistically significant was found among the participants' public speaking competence, albeit it was shown to be in favor of the male participants
Inequity In Rural Communities (Sanaguin-Molleturo) On the Proper Management of Pesticides and Its Consequences on Public Health
No full textInequity in rural areas regarding the proper management of pesticides, especially in communities where their main economic activity is agriculture, it is important to prioritize environmental training issues that contribute to Public Health in the least favored sectors, so in this in the document, the community of Sanagüin, which has approximately 100 inhabitants, is selected. The economic activity is based mainly on the cultivation and production of the land, generally this work is carried out manually, and very little mechanized and technical; Products such as sugar cane are grown mostly in this community. As an alternative activity and that has gained strength in recent years are grass crops for livestock, especially in the highlands where the inhabitants have dedicated themselves to fattening cattle. In the community of Sanagüin, the indiscriminate use of pesticides results in a direct impact on the health of the population, in addition to environmental and soil contamination, so this work is based on the collection of primary and secondary data that shows mismanagement of pesticides in different crops. To support and quantify the inequity of knowledge of reference to the indiscriminate use of chemical products, such as a local one carried out at the level of the different communities at a rural level in the province of Azuay, blood tests were carried out that justify a level of mild long-term intoxication. term by means of Acetylcholinesterase; since the results found show levels that are outside the normal range.  
Evaluation of Seawater Intrusion and Groundwater Quality in the Coastal Aquifers in Srikakulam District, A.P., India Using Electrical Conductivity Property
Get PDFSeawater intrusion into coastal aquifers has emerged as a significant environmental threat that imperils water resources, especially groundwater resources, ecosystems, and human health. It is widely acknowledged that water plays an indispensable role in the maintenance of life. Groundwater is an important source, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where surface water and precipitation are limited. Management of a safe and renewable supply of groundwater for drinking and agricultural purposes is one of the crucial aspects of sustainable development for any Nation. But the groundwater quality faces threats from urbanization, agricultural practices, industrial activities, climate changes, and groundwater parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolve Solids (TDS), fluoride, chloride, calcium, sulfate, and iron. In the present study, 13 coastal mandals viz., Ranastalam, Laveru, Etcherla, Srikakulam, Gara, Polaki, Santhabommali, Vajrapukotturu, Mandasa, Sompeta, Kanchili, Kaviti and Ichapuram in Srikakulam district, A.P., India, have been considered. The quality of the groundwater in these mandals has been assessed based on seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifers considering the EC and TDS parameters which help identifying seawater intrusion. Among all the 13 coastal mandals, the Gara, Polaki, Sompeta, Santabommali, and Ichapuram mandala are much influenced by seawater intrusion. The geology, geomorphology, climate, rainfall, and soil types of the study areas have been discussed. 61 water samples from bore wells of the 13 mandals have been collected for the present study. All the water samples were analyzed to determine the groundwater quality based on the EC and TDS of the water
Use Of the Quizizz Tool by Primary School Teachers: A Review of The Literature in Scopus from 2017-2023
No full textThe objective of this study was the analysis and quantification of the scientific literature by means of metrics in relation to the research consulted on the use of the Quizizz tool by primary education teachers during the period 2017-2023. Thus, the search was carried out through the combination of words "quizizz", "teachers". Likewise, the search filters were applied: Open access and the temporal criteria of 2017-2023, giving a total result of 45 studies that were exported in the Bibtex format for later reading with Cran-R. Among the results, it was identified that 2019 was the year with the highest scientific production with 10 studies. Regarding the productivity of authors, it was found that 2 authors have presented continuity with the topic studied. On the other hand, the relationship between the keywords of the author, the authors and the affiliations included was interpreted. The frequency of words showed that the keywords with the highest index are "motivation", "Online games", "quizizz", "Technology", "gamification", "assessment" and "online teaching - learning". The countries with the highest production are Indonesia and India. Word co-occurrence within the abstracts of all included studies was then analyzed with a sample of 100 words from all abstracts. The studies with the highest citation index present (n=130) and (n=90)