Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB): Open Journal Systems
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How do prospective German teachers deal with the ambiguity of literary texts?
Get PDFSchülerinnen und Schüler sollen im Deutschunterricht die Fähigkeit erwerben, mit der Mehrdeutigkeit literarischer Texte kompetent umzugehen. Aus Sicht der bisherigen Forschung ist allerdings ungeklärt, wie (angehende) Lehrpersonen diese Fähigkeiten im Unterricht anbahnen. Um diesem Desiderat nachzukommen, werden im vorliegenden Beitrag Fallanalysen zu zwei videografierten Unterrichtsstunden von Studierenden zum Text Nacht von Sibylle Berg kontrastiert. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die beiden Studierenden sehr unterschiedliche Lernangebote gestalten: Während eine Studentin den Text als ‚Trainingsgerät‘ modelliert und die Lernenden dazu anhält, bestehendes Vorwissen schemaartig auf den Text anzuwenden, betrachtet der andere Student den Text als komplexen Lerngegenstand, für dessen Verständnis die Lernenden Unterstützung benötigen. Der Beitrag ordnet die Befunde in die literaturdidaktische Professionalisierungs- und Unterrichtsforschung ein und leitet Konsequenzen für die weitere Forschung ab.One goal of first language teaching is that students should acquire the ability to deal competently with the ambiguity of literary texts. Previous research, however, has not clarified how (prospective) teachers develop these skills in the classroom. To address this gap, two lessons by teacher students on the text Nacht (‘Night’) by Sibylle Berg were analysed contrastively in the present study. The results show that the students treat the text differently with regard to the learning opportunities: While one student models the text as a ‘training device’ and encourages the learners to apply existing prior knowledge to the text in a schema-like manner, the other student regards the text as a complex learning object for which the learners need support for understanding. The article discusses the findings against the background of findings from professionalisation and teaching research and derives consequences for further research in the field of literature teaching
Seeing is believing: Implications of the dreamlike cognitive style for waking spontaneous thought and psychopathology
Get PDFThe intuitive experience of dreaming is that we “see” something with our mind’s eye and react to it. Indeed, dream formation conceptualizations have often focused on the visual image-to-verbal thought direction of causality, inspired by bottom-up models of perception. However, despite being experienced as external to us, the dream environment is internally generated, meaning that dreams are more like imagination than perception. Dream thoughts (experienced with a sense of agency or selfhood) also affect subsequent dream images (experienced as non-agentive or external to one’s self). Thus, oneiric experiences are made up of reciprocal, continuous, moment-to-moment influences between the dream and the dreamer: visual images and verbal, abstract, or otherwise imageless thoughts. During wakefulness, a dreamlike cognitive processing dynamic of ever-changing meaningful image-thought-image momentary associations coupled with reduced agentive control of images may be present to a greater or lesser extent. Non-agentive visual images as a significant driving force in one’s spontaneous mental activity may relate to individual differences in fantasy proneness, suggestibility, dissociative absorption, or imagination tendencies. This feature carries implications for the field of spontaneous thought. Off-task thinking, or mind-wandering, are non-specific labels that may be used to denote internally generated mentation. Considering the tendency for dreamlike associations may represent a specific distinction, which may be relevant for understanding psychopathology. Whereas some individuals may find themselves distracted by abstract or semantic associations (e.g., verbal self-derogatory inner speech), others may find themselves drawn to intrusive—or alluring—visual images, which may interact significantly with their verbal thoughts and associations and even be experienced with decreased sense of agency. This may occur in obsessive-compulsive disorder, dissociative disorders, or maladaptive daydreaming, suggesting that clinicians need to pay attention to their clients’ spontaneous visual imagery. If a picture is worth a thousand words and seeing is believing, psychologists should be curious of how a visual thinking style may impact mental health
Remembering trauma in epistemology
Get PDFThis paper explores some surprising effects of psychological trauma on memory and develops the puzzle of observer memory for trauma. Memory for trauma tends to have a third-person perspective, or observer perspective. But it appears observer memory, by having a novel visual point of view, tends to misrepresent the past. And many find it plausible that if a memory type tends to misrepresent, it cannot yield knowledge of, or justification for believing, details of past events. But it is also plausible that, with respect to details of past trauma, observer memory can yield knowledge or justification. I argue for a novel set of views that offers a way out of the puzzle: observer memory does tend to misrepresent, but it still has epistemic power regarding details of the past, although with special limits; but observer memory for trauma has other epistemic powers too, in that it allows for a kind of self-awareness
"Tinc talent. Sé que tinc talent!": figures autorials al teatre de les dramaturgues catalanes del segle XXI
Get PDFThe gradual normalization of female authorship in 21st-century Catalan theater prompts us to examine the impact of the notion of authorship on the creative output of female playwrights. Authorial studies, along with recent feminist analyses, offer paths for addressing these inquiries by delving into how the concept of the author is socially constructed and how it influences the reception of artistic works. Drawing from the works of Dominique Maingueneau, Christine Planté, Meri Torras Francès, and Aina Pérez Fontdevila, this article undertakes the analysis of three plays that incorporate female authorial figures in their narratives: Cabaret diabòlic (2003) by Beth Escudé, La indiana (2007) by Àngels Aymar, and Màtria (2017) by Carla Rovira. The female author characters in these works navigate the canonical representation of the author, highlighting its gender-exclusive nature and deconstructing its most prominent attributes. These authorial figures serve as mechanisms of self-legitimization while simultaneously championing female authors of the past.The gradual normalization of female authorship in 21st-century Catalan theater prompts us to examine the impact of the notion of authorship on the creative output of female playwrights. Authorial studies, along with recent feminist analyses, offer paths for addressing these inquiries by delving into how the concept of the author is socially constructed and how it influences the reception of artistic works. Drawing from the works of Dominique Maingueneau, Christine Planté, Meri Torras Francès, and Aina Pérez Fontdevila, this article undertakes the analysis of three plays that incorporate female authorial figures in their narratives: Cabaret diabòlic (2003) by Beth Escudé, La indiana (2007) by Àngels Aymar, and Màtria (2017) by Carla Rovira. The female author characters in these works navigate the canonical representation of the author, highlighting its gender-exclusive nature and deconstructing its most prominent attributes. These authorial figures serve as mechanisms of self-legitimization while simultaneously championing female authors of the past.The gradual normalization of female authorship in 21st-century Catalan theater prompts us to examine the impact of the notion of authorship on the creative output of female playwrights. Authorial studies, along with recent feminist analyses, offer paths for addressing these inquiries by delving into how the concept of the author is socially constructed and how it influences the reception of artistic works. Drawing from the works of Dominique Maingueneau, Christine Planté, Meri Torras Francès, and Aina Pérez Fontdevila, this article undertakes the analysis of three plays that incorporate female authorial figures in their narratives: Cabaret diabòlic (2003) by Beth Escudé, La indiana (2007) by Àngels Aymar, and Màtria (2017) by Carla Rovira. The female author characters in these works navigate the canonical representation of the author, highlighting its gender-exclusive nature and deconstructing its most prominent attributes. These authorial figures serve as mechanisms of self-legitimization while simultaneously championing female authors of the past
Les batalles de Roses i de les illes Formigues en els "Gesta Comitum" i en les "Cròniques" de Bernat Desclot i Ramon Muntaner
Get PDFThis paper contains a study of the narration of the naval battles of Roses and the Formigues Islands, transmitted by three fundamental works of Catalan historiography, namely Bernat Desclot’s Crònica (1288), the Gesta Comitum (definitive Latin version, early 14th century), and Ramon Muntaner’s Crònica (1325–1328). The collation of the different versions of the events described, crucial moments of the crusade against the Catalan-Aragonese Crown (1285), makes it possible to identify the key aspects of the differences considered irreconcilable by the scholars who have studied them previously, to deepen the theme, shed new light on it and suggest a new interpretation.This paper contains a study of the narration of the naval battles of Roses and the Formigues Islands, transmitted by three fundamental works of Catalan historiography, namely Bernat Desclot’s Crònica (1288), the Gesta Comitum (definitive Latin version, early 14th century), and Ramon Muntaner’s Crònica (1325–1328). The collation of the different versions of the events described, crucial moments of the crusade against the Catalan-Aragonese Crown (1285), makes it possible to identify the key aspects of the differences considered irreconcilable by the scholars who have studied them previously, to deepen the theme, shed new light on it and suggest a new interpretation.This paper contains a study of the narration of the naval battles of Roses and the Formigues Islands, transmitted by three fundamental works of Catalan historiography, namely Bernat Desclot’s Crònica (1288), the Gesta Comitum (definitive Latin version, early 14th century), and Ramon Muntaner’s Crònica (1325–1328). The collation of the different versions of the events described, crucial moments of the crusade against the Catalan-Aragonese Crown (1285), makes it possible to identify the key aspects of the differences considered irreconcilable by the scholars who have studied them previously, to deepen the theme, shed new light on it and suggest a new interpretation
Jaume Guillamet Lloveras: "El periodisme català contemporani. Diaris, partits polítics i llengües. 1875–1939". Barcelona: Institut d’Estudis Catalans, 2022. 427 S. ISBN 978-84-9965-652-6.
Get PDFEducation in the Age of Woke
Get PDFWe argue that locating “woke” as a left-wing project does a disservice to the traditional left-wing views that are grounded in the Enlightenment demand of respect for persons, and the firm belief that reasoned dialogue is the most effective pathway to human progress. We note, using an example from Canadian politics, that “woke” tactics are problematic precisely because they are divisive in the sense of making reasoned dialogue unlikely. We argue that, though wokesters pride themselves on being “progressive,” such a title is not deserved since their focus makes them comfortable companions with those often considered reactionary. We then reflect on Kant’s argument that the most important Enlightenment message is that we ought to trust reasoned dialogue rather than authority in deciding what to believe or do, and then argue that that this translates into three “attitude directives” with regard to discourse: (i) let them speak, (ii) avoid insult, and (iii) keep the discourse focused on the most urgent problem, namely, economic inequality. Finally, we examine the educational implications that emerge from our journey and suggest that the core command is that challenge, rather than safety, ought to be the motto of all educators
Religious Conversion as Religious Contact—the “statement conversion”: John Henry Newman and Malcolm X
No full textSome famous religious conversions, happening in a great variety of contexts, are carried out by intellectuals who use their conversion to make a statement about the world. Arguably, all conversions to some extent make a statement about the world, but some more publicly than others. My contribution will compare the conversions from Anglicanism to the Roman Catholic Church during the Oxford Movement in the 1840s with those of African Americans to (the Nation of) Islam in the 1960s. This is done on the basis of the aforementioned framework, which enables a view of both instances as asymmetric religious contact with a broad public scope. This allows me to compare the conversion trajectories of such disparate figures as John Henry Newman and Malcolm X using their public statements and appearance
“I woke up and knew, spiritually, I have just accepted the faith” : Agency and Dream Ethnography in the Bahá’í Faith
Get PDFThis paper focuses on how first-generation Bahá’ís view dreams and visions as confirming their choice to become Bahá’í. It presents life story interviews, highlighting the significance of their dream narratives in religious conversion. The study emphasizes that these dreams integrate their prior religious identity, mainly through the appearance of messengers of God serving as supernatural agents, which conforms to Bahá’í beliefs in progressive revelation. It advocates for anthropological attention to Bahá’í dream accounts, presenting dreams as premonitions or encouragements for conversion and acknowledging leaving a previous faith. The paper calls for investigating dreams’ bridging function, viewed by converts as a nonhuman and non-institutional force aiding conversion. It aims to explore agency in dreams concerning religious conversion by analyzing dream accounts from first-generation Bahá’ís’ life stories, illustrating how dreams influence and transform individual beliefs
New Evidence on the Sixteenth-Century East Syriac Missions in the Malabar Coast: The Muttuchira Inscription (1581 CE) in Context
Get PDFThe present study deals with an inscription on a granite stele in the township of Muttuchira, Kottayam District, Kerala, India. The inscription was written in Malayalam, in the ancient Dravidian vaṭṭeḻuttu script, in 1581. It commemorates the erection of a series of open-air crosses, as well as the placement of a Persian Cross, called the Bleeding Cross. The first cross was erected in 1528 and the last one in 1581. The inscription was first published in 1930 and, ever since, several concurrent interpretations thereof have been proposed. However, all the previous transcriptions and interpretations were based on a poorly executed estampage, which gave rise to a series of misunderstandings. This study is based on a new, clearly readable estampage and gives a transcription in vaṭṭeḻuttu Unicode fonts and in Modern Malayalam characters as well as a Modern Malayalam and an English translation, together with a detailed historical interpretation permitted by new material collected in Kerala in the last two and a half decades. The new deciphering of the inscription sheds light on the role of Muttuchira, one of the main centres of the anti-Portuguese and anti-Latin resistance of the local Christians in the sixteenth century, on the origin of the open-air crosses defining the landscape of Central Kerala, and on the vicissitudes of Christian epigraphy in Kerala