Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB): Open Journal Systems
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Akkon, Tyrus, Jerusalem: Handelsstädte der Kreuzfahrer-Levante und ihre interkulturelle Dynamik im Blick muslimischer Autoren
Get PDFEin gottgegebener Hirte für das Volk: Das Streben nach religiöser Einheit in der Herrschaftspraxis des nəguś Zärʾa Yaʿəqob
Get PDFPersonal identity and mental time travel
Get PDFThis paper examines the role of episodic memory, and the broader notion of “mental time travel” (MTT), in constituting personal identity. After arguing that the construal of memory’s role in personal identity found in traditional psychological continuity theories of personal identity is both unrealistic and unsatisfying, the paper endeavors to provide a better account. This begins with recent work in the science and philosophy of memory that sees episodic memory as part of a broader faculty for MTT (which also involves imagination and counterfactual thought). Some of the basic ideas expressed in this work are developed into an account of the connection between MTT with “strong identification” and personal identity. According to this alternative approach, we regularly “borrow affect” from our pasts and futures through forms of remembering, imagining, and counterfactual thinking that involve a particular form of identification with our past and future selves. This activity generates a strong diachronic experience of self, which contributes in important ways to diachronic personal identity. The sense of self generated through MTT is, however, only one piece of a more comprehensive account of personal identity. The paper concludes by describing its place in the larger picture
Jane Gatley (2023): Why Teach Philosophy in Schools? The Case for Philosophy on the Curriculum, London: Bloomsbury Academic.: Reviewed by Jonas Pfister
Get PDFPilot Project German Sign Language: Two Language Centers, Two Different Approaches – A First Comparison and Experience Report
Get PDFDie Sprachenzentren der Universität Greifswald und der Universität Rostock haben beide im WS 22/23 Pilotprojekte zur Gebärdensprache initiiert. Die gewählten Ansätze unterschieden sich hinsichtlich des intendierten Lernfortschritts bzw. -ziels (A1.1 vs. A1) und der Kursleitung (gehörlos vs. nicht gehörlos). Die Kurse wurden während des Semesters durch jeweils zwei Evaluationen und zwei leitfadengestützte Interviews begleitet. Während im Rahmen der Evaluation die Motivation zur Kursteilnahme der Studierenden, ihre Zufriedenheit mit dem Kurs im Allgemeinen und ihrem Lernfortschritt abgefragt wurde, zielten die Interviews darauf ab, detailliertere Informationen über mögliche didaktische Unterschiede zu sammeln und ob Studierende die Verortung dieses Kursangebots an den Sprachenzentren der Universitäten als sinnvoll erachten. Die Kursevaluationen ergaben sowohl erwartete als auch unerwartete Ergebnisse, die in diesem Bericht des Pilotprojekts präsentiert werden.The Language Centers of the University of Greifswald and the University of Rostock both initiated sign language pilot projects in the winter term WS 22/23. The approaches chosen differed regarding learning progress (A1.1 vs. A1) and course instructors (deaf vs. not deaf). The courses were each accompanied by two evaluations for the semester and two guided interviews, respectively. While the objectives related to the evaluations were to find out more about students’ motivation to attend the courses and assess their level of satisfaction with the course in general and their learning progress, the guided interviews aimed at gaining more detailed information about potential didactical differences, and whether Language Centers are the appropriate institution at universities to offer these courses. The evaluations yielded partly expected, but also unexpected results which are presented in this report of the pilot project.  
Finding Collisions for Round-Reduced Romulus-H
Get PDFThe hash function Romulus-H is a finalist in the NIST Lightweight Cryptography competition. It is based on the Hirose double block-length (DBL) construction which is provably secure when used with an ideal block cipher. However, in practice, ideal block ciphers can only be approximated. Therefore, the security of concrete instantiations must be cryptanalyzed carefully; the security margin may be higher or lower than in the secret-key setting. So far, the Hirose DBL construction has been studied with only a few other block ciphers, like IDEA and AES. However, Romulus-H uses Hirose DBL with the SKINNY block cipher where only very little analysis has been published so far. In this work, we present the first practical analysis of Romulus-H. We propose a new framework for finding collisions in hash functions based on the Hirose DBL construction. This is in contrast to previous work that only focused on free-start collisions. Our framework is based on the idea of joint differential characteristics which capture the relationship between the two block cipher calls in the Hirose DBL construction. To identify good joint differential characteristics, we propose a combination of MILP and CP models. Then, we use these characteristics in another CP model to find collisions. Finally, we apply this framework to Romulus-H and find practical collisions of the hash function for 10 out of 40 rounds and practical semi-free-start collisions for up to 14 rounds
Revisiting delusions to demystify human agency: A response to critics
Get PDFIn this paper, I re-elaborate some of the ideas presented in Why Delusions Matter (Bloomsbury 2023) in response to four commentaries on the book. My proposed conception of delusionality cuts across clinical and non-clinical contexts: an interpreter calls a speaker’s belief delusionalwhen the belief seems to be central to the speaker’s identity, but the interpreter finds it both implausible and unshakeable. Here I frame the emphasis on what all delusional beliefs have in common as an attempt to resist simplistic dichotomies about human agency. Ideal agents seek the truth and accurately represent the world, engaging with it in such a way as to further their goals, exercise control over themselves and the surrounding environment, and successfully coordinate with others. Human agents can sometimes rely on comforting illusions and constructed worlds to establish or restore a connection with other agents and the shared environment at challenging times. But coordination can fail, and control is always limited. Delusions are an expression of agency in the sense that they can be understood as a response to the epistemic and psychological needs of human agents. Delusions are meaningful and may contain germs of truth about the speaker. But they should be replaced when better strategies for engaging with the world become available to the speaker
Book Symposium: "Why Delusions Matter"
No full textThis Symposium aims to contribute to the discussion on "Why Delusions Matter" by Lisa Bortolotti (2023), published by Bloomsbury. In her book, Bortolotti attempts to decouple delusions from pathology, and argues that delusions should not be dismissed as meaningless, because engaging with them at an epistemic level fosters a deeper understanding of the speaker’s perspective and agency. The Symposium opens with a précis of the book (Bortolotti, 2024a), followed by four commentaries that critically engage with Bortolotti’s argument. Bacchi (2024) suggests that insights from the authenticity debate in psychiatry could support Bortolotti’s claim that delusions could foster agency. Drawing from the literature and from her own lived experience with delusions, Russel (2024) explores the ways in which some delusions can be epistemically valuable. Williams (2024) challenges the implication that popular, non-clinical delusions deserve a more positive reputation. Vintiadis (2024) links Bortolotti’s work to the discussion on comforting delusions in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. The Symposium concludes with a reply from Bortolotti (2024b)
Looking for Ancient Metalworking Sites of Luristan (Western Iran): a Preliminary Archaeometallurgical Approach
No full textThe region of Luristan in the Zagros Mountains (western Iran) is known worldwide for its skilled and enigmatic ancient metal production, in particular its “Luristan Bronzes” dated to the Bronze and Iron Ages. At the crossroads between the IInd and Ist millennia BC, in parallel with tradition of elaborate bronze production, Luristan also saw the arrival of iron. Bimetallic bronze iron artefacts and technically well-developed iron mask swords are among very notable iron products of Luristan metalworkers and are potentially among the oldest iron artefacts known from Iran. Despite this situation, technical aspects of iron metallurgy are almost unknown in Luristan. Field investigations are rare, archaeological production contexts are unknown, and little attention has been paid to iron metalworking. This article, as an initial step in this field, will address the results of a recent short archaeometallurgical survey in Luristan which lead to the discovery of five slag heaps. The physicochemical analyses and microscopic observations, which were carried out at the Departments of Mining Archaeology and Archaeometallurgy of the German Mining Museum, Bochum (DBM), Germany, indicated that we have identified several ironworking workshops: mostly smelting together with some vestiges of smithing activities. In addition, geochemical and isotopic analyses attested that the ores probably came from geochemically similar deposits in the wider region.