Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB): Open Journal Systems
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GPU Acceleration for FHEW/TFHE Bootstrapping
No full textFully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows computations to be performed directly on encrypted data without decryption. Despite its great theoretical potential, the computational overhead remains a major obstacle for practical applications. To address this challenge, hardware acceleration has emerged as a promising approach, aiming to achieve real-time computation across a wider range of scenarios. In line with this, our research focuses on designing and implementing a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU)-based accelerator for the third generation FHEW/TFHE bootstrapping scheme, which features smaller parameters and bootstrapping keys particularly suitable for GPU architectures compared to the other generations.In summary, our accelerator offers improved efficiency, scalability, and flexibility for extensions, e.g., functional bootstrapping (Liu et al., Asiacrypt 2022), compared to current state-of-the-art solutions. We evaluate our implementation and demonstrate substantial speedup in the single-GPU setting, our bootstrapping achieves an 18x - 20x speedup compared to a 64-thread server-class CPU; by using 8 GPUs, the throughput can be further improved by 7x compared to the single-GPU implementation, confirming the scalability of our design. Furthermore, compared to the SoTA GPU solution TFHE-rs, we achieve a maximum speedup of 1.69x in AND gate evaluation. Finally, we benchmark several private machine learning applications, showing real-time solutions for (1) encrypted neural network inference for MNIST in 0.04 seconds per image, which is the fastest implementation to our knowledge.(2) private decision trees in 0.38 seconds for Iris dataset, where as prior 16 cores CPU implementation (Lu et al., IEEE S&P 2021) required 1.87 seconds; These results highlight the effectiveness and efficiency of our GPU-acceleration in real-world applications.As a technical highlight, we design a novel parallelization strategy tailored for FHEW/TFHE bootstrapping, allowing an automated optimization that partitions bootstrapping into multiple GPU thread blocks. This is necessary for FHEW/TFHE bootstrapping with scalable parameters, where the whole bootstrapping process may not fit into a single thread block. With this, our accelerator can support a broader range of parameters, making it ideal for upcoming privacy-preserving applications
Minimal states of awareness across sleep and wakefulness: A multidimensional framework to guide scientific research
No full textI introduce a novel multidimensional framework tailored to investigate a set of phenomena that might appear intractable and render them amenable to scientific inquiry. In particular, I focus on examining altered states of consciousness that appear to the experiencing subject as “contentless” or “objectless” states in some form, either by having disrupted or reduced content of awareness, or content that appears as missing altogether. By drawing on empirical research, I propose a cluster of phenomenological dimensions aimed at enhancing our understanding of this group of experiences of minimal awareness, including Richness of the Content, Bodily-Awareness, Passage of Time, Attentional Focus, and Self-Revelation. The result is a robust framework that provides precise scientific terminology, facilitating its operationalisation and adaptability for future empirical work. I show the explanatory power of this framework through a case study of the state of clear light sleep—a state widely reported by Indo-Tibetan Buddhist traditions as an instance of pure awareness during sleep, a state of consciousness-as-such. This rare phenomenon has gained increasing attention in contemporary analytic philosophy of mind for the study of the nature of consciousness. However, we still lack consensus on its characterisation and potential identity with other associated states. I end the paper by illustrating how the state of clear light sleep can be situated in relation to other associated states and more ordinary ones as regions of a multidimensional state space
Forgeries, Falsifications, Fictions, Fälschungen? : Some Early Modern European “Vedas”
No full textThis article examines—and rejects—the idea that, in the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Europeans who sought to obtain copies of the Vedas were repeatedly duped by having other works (purporting to be Vedas) passed off on them. The focus is on a text entitled “The Essence of the Yajur Veda,” produced by a Pietist missionary, Christoph Theodosius Walther (1699–1741), and a Brahmin identified only as Krishna, published in a German missionary periodical in 1740. This text is examined in the context of a series of similar works produced by Indian intellectuals with, or at the behest of, European missionaries and colonial officials in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Rather than seeing these works as fakes, it is argued here that they are better understood as the outcome of distinctive modes of composition, transmission, and translation of Indian religious literature emerging from the early modern encounter of Indian and European scholars
Teaching Intercultural Business English: Interkulturelles Wirtschaftsenglisch lehren
Get PDFIn unserer digitalisierten, vernetzten und mobilen Welt muss ein didaktisches Konzept zur Vermittlung von interkulturellem Wirtschaftsenglisch für die heutige Generation von Studierenden mit ihren diversen Hintergründen neu gedacht werden. Es gilt, soziales Lernen und Selbstmanagement mit zu integrieren. Gemäß der Aufgliederung von Macke/Hanke/Viehmann-Schweizer/Raether (Hrsg.) (32016: 88ff.) von Kompetenzen in einem handlungsorientierten Ansatz in Kompetenzfacetten – fachliches Wissen, Zuständigkeit, individuelle Wertvorstellung, gesellschaftliche Normen – auf verschiedenen Handlungsstufen – verstehen, anwenden, analysieren, bewerten, entscheiden, begründen – werden die verschiedenen Lernziele zugeordnet und didaktisch aufbereitet, um soziale und fremdsprachliche Kompetenzen als individuellen Lernprozess hin zu interpersoneller und interkultureller Bildung zu lehren. Eine eigens durchgeführte Befragung über mehrere Semester belegt, dass das Konzept den gewünschten Lernerfolg hervorbringt.In our world that is highly influenced by digitalisation, interconnectedness and mobility, didactic concepts on teaching intercultural business English to students with their diverse backgrounds have to be reconsidered and newly designed. Social learning and self-management have to be integrated. Hence, in the presented concept, the learning objectives are categorised according to the action-oriented systematization of Macke/Hanke/Viehmann-Schweizer/Raether (Hrsg.) (32016: 88ff.), in which competencies in are broken down into facets of competencies – knowledge, responsibility, value concept, norms – on various levels of complexity – understanding, applying, analysing, evaluating, deciding, justifying. Didactic concepts are designed to match this categorisation of learning objectives in order to teach social and language competence as an individual learning process to also gain interpersonal and intercultural competence. The evaluation of the concept by the means of a multi-level survey has shown that the concept produces the requested success
Roman Lead Finds from Troesmis (Turcoaia, Tulcea County, Romania) and Its Surroundings – an Investigation Based on Lead Isotopes and Trace Element Analyses
Get PDFLead samples and one leaded bronze sample from five identifiable objects (e.g. large-scale bronze statues, lead pipes) and three lead chunks from the area of the ancient center of Troesmis, in the Moesia Inferior province, have been investigated by elemental and lead isotope analyses. Among the analyzed samples, four are dated into the 2nd-3rd centuries AD and were found in the civil settlement near the fortress of the legio V Macedonica and the municipium of Troesmis, while one was uncovered in a rural settlement in the surroundings of this ancient center, at Horia, in a context dated to the 2nd century AD. A fifth object of study is a fragmented lead pipe from a private collection in Bucharest, from Carnuntum, according to the seller, but bearing a maker stamp that relates it to Rome. Furthermore, three lead chunks, presumably used to hang on wall objects like the bronze plates with the lex of the municipium, have also been analyzed. The provenance investigations of the nine Troesmis finds point to two different lead sources in the Roman Empire, the Central Balkans (Serbia/Kosovo) and the Cévennes (Massif Central) in France, while the lead source for the pipe fragment in Bucharest might be Yorkshire in Great Britain. 
Understanding delusions to improve our mutual interactions: A précis of "Why Delusions Matter"
Get PDFWhy Delusions Matter is a reflection on the importance of the study of delusions for better understanding and reshaping our mutual interactions. The study of delusions has transformed the philosophy of mind and psychology in the last thirty years, helping redefine the relationship between rationality and intentionality. It has still a lot to offer to emerging areas at the intersection of ethics and epistemology. These are areas where the focus of the investigation of beliefs is moving from a painstaking assessment of the individual’s cognitive achievements and failures to a broader examination of the environmental and social pressures on the adoption, revisions, and maintenance of beliefs at individual and collective levels. In the book, there is an exploration of the notion of delusionality across clinical and non-clinical contexts which shows how delusions are meaningful beliefs that matter to the speaker\u27s identity but are received by the interpreter as implausible and unshakeable. Delusions are not pathological by default, but they can bring epistemic and psychological costs as well as temporary benefits. Although a speaker\u27s delusions can make collaboration difficult, this should not discourage interpreters from attempts at genuine engagement. Delusions are not a sign of a breakdown in the speaker\u27s capacity for agency and thus understanding them can help interpreters appreciate the speaker\u27s perspective
A supramodal thorough account of the Molyneux question
Get PDFIn this paper, we want to tackle the Molyneux question thoroughly, by addressing it in terms of both ordinary perception and pictorial perception: if a congenitally blind person recovered sight, could she recognize visually the 3D shapes she already recognized tactilely, both when such shapes are given to her directly and when they are given to her pictorially, i.e., as depicted shapes? We want to claim that empirical evidence suggests that the question can be positively answered in both cases. For in the first case, such evidence shows that perception of 3D shapes is supramodal; namely, it can be equivalently achieved in different sense modalities, notably touch and vision, independently of the sensory input such shapes are accessed. While in the second case, such evidence shows that one can satisfy both in vision and in touch the condition for depicted shapes, which are typically not where the perceiver is, to be grasped by that perceiver in a picture’s subject, i.e., what the picture presents. This condition states that the picture’s vehicle, i.e., the typically 2D physical basis of a picture, is enriched by adding to its properties the 3D grouping properties that allow for a figure/ground segmentation to be performed in that vehicle’s elements
Optimized One-Dimensional SQIsign Verification on Intel and Cortex-M4
No full textSQIsign is a well-known post-quantum signature scheme due to its small combined signature and public-key size. However, SQIsign suffers from notably long signing times, and verification times are not short either. To improve this, recent research has explored both one-dimensional and two-dimensional variants of SQIsign, each with distinct characteristics. In particular, SQIsign2D’s efficient signing and verification times have made it a focal point of recent research. However, the absence of an optimized one-dimensional verification implementation hampers a thorough comparison between these different variants. This work bridges this gap in the literature: we provide a state-of-the-art implementation of one-dimensional SQIsign verification, including novel optimizations. We report a record-breaking one-dimensional SQIsign verification time of 8.55 Mcycles on a Raptor Lake Intel processor, closely matching SQIsign2D on the same processor. For uncompressed signatures, the signature size doubles and we verify in only 5.6 Mcycles. Taking advantage of the inherent parallelism available in isogeny computations, we present 5-core variants that can go as low as 1.3 Mcycles. Furthermore, we present the first implementation that supports both 32-bit and 64-bit processors. It includes optimized assembly code for the Cortex-M4 and has been integrated with the pqm4 project. Our results motivate further research into one-dimensional SQIsign, as it boasts unique features among isogeny-based schemes
Dealing with Perspective Ambiguity.: Insights into the Design-Based Research Project PAuLi
Get PDFIn diesem Artikel präsentieren wir Befunde aus dem Design Research-Projekt PAuLi, das sich mit Perspektivverstehen im Literaturunterricht auseinandersetzt. Wir zeigen am Beispiel eines polyperspektivischen und mehrdeutigen Textes auf, welcher Zusammenhang zwischen dem Umgang mit Mehrdeutigkeit und verschiedenen Dimensionen des Perspektivverstehens besteht. Aus den Verstehensprozessen, die bei Schüler:innen rekonstruiert werden können, leiten wir Design-Prinzipien für die Förderung dieser Prozesse ab. In this article, we present results from the design research project PAuLi, which explores the teaching and learning of understanding literary perspective taking place in literature classes. Using the example of a poly-perspective and ambiguous text, we illustrate the relationship between handling ambiguity and various dimensions of perspective understanding. From the understanding processes that can be reconstructed in students, we derive design principles for promoting these processes
The Myth of Kauṇḍinya in Southeast Asia: An Archaeological Analysis
Get PDFThe myth of Kauṇḍinya has had a profound impact on the writing of Southeast Asian history, being used by historians in the early twentieth century to explain how the earliest kingdoms in the region were formed. However, the myth as we know it today has been constructed from fragments of information found in Sanskrit epigraphy and Chinese textual sources from three distinct time periods. Using a form of textual analysis first described by Michel Foucault under the heading of ‘archaeology’, this article attempts to isolate and examine the nature of the myth within each time period, as if uncovering distinct layers of an archaeological excavation. I have tried to show how each version of the myth is indelibly a product of its own time, drawing its significance from the religious, social and literary context in which it was recorded. In particular, while revealing elements of continuity and discontinuity in the transition of the myth, it also highlights important events in the transmission and reception of religious ideas and practice that may be connected to the wider themes of dynamics and stability in religious studies