Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB): Open Journal Systems
Not a member yet
4280 research outputs found
Sort by
Why Kant\u27s Ethics Cannot Be Taught in School: The Problem of Critical Interpretive Controversy
Get PDFSome philosophical classics are so highly esteemed that they are considered an important, if not indispensable, part of any good school curriculum. However, for all the emphasis placed on the importance of such classics, a fundamental problem is often overlooked that makes teaching them very difficult, if not practically impossible. We call it the “Problem of Critical Interpretive Controversy” (“PCIC”). PCIC occurs when there is a critical controversy about what an author intends to express. In this paper, we illustrate PCIC using the example of Kant’s ethics. In the case of Kant’s ethics, we argue, PCIC is so profound that even the basic features of this theory cannot fruitfully be taught in school, making it an unsuitable subject for school teaching
C-Test digitized: a new format for measuring proficiency in Arabic.: Inventory of a project and an outlook
Get PDFWie lässt sich die Sprachstandsfeststellung im Hochschulbereich durch Einstufungstests zuverlässig und kosten-nutzen-optimiert durchführen und wie lassen sich dabei gleichzeitig unterschiedliche Institutionen und deren unterschiedliche Bedürfnisse berücksichtigen? Wie kann Sprachlehre im Hochschulbereich nutzenden-orientiert digital unterstützt werden? Welche digitalen Methoden ermöglichen es Lernenden, ein hohes Niveau an Fremdsprachenkenntnissen zu erreichen? Wie lassen sich Texte nach Schwierigkeitsgrad klassifizieren? Welcher Rahmen fördert einen effektiven Fortschritt beim Sprachenlernen? In diesem Artikel gehen wir diesen Fragen nach und skizzieren die Prozesse der Konzeption von arabischen C-Tests nutzerorientiert und der Generierung geeigneter Software für Online-Tests unter Berücksichtigung sprachspezifischer Herausforderungen in einer Zusammenarbeit zwischen der LEAD Graduate School & Research Network und der Abteilung für Orient und Islamwissenschaft an der Universität Tübingen. Darüber hinaus bieten wir einen Ansatz zur Gestaltung digitaler Sprachlernübungen für Arabisch an, der individuelles Feedback und Scaffolding bietet, um einerseits den Präsenzunterricht und andererseits die Sprachbewertung innerhalb eines Moduls zu ergänzen.How can higher education language assessment in the form of placement tests best be conducted in both a reliable and cost-benefit-optimised way, while simultaneously taking into account different institutions and their varying needs? How can language teaching in higher education be supported digitally in a user-oriented way? Which kinds of digital methods can help learners achieve a high level of proficiency in a foreign language?How can texts be classified according to difficulty level? Which framework is conducive to effective progression in language learning? In this paper we address these questions, outlining the processes of conceptualising user-oriented C-tests for Arabic and generating suitable software for online testing while taking into account language-specific challenges, in a cooperation between LEAD Graduate School & Research Network and the Department of Oriental and Islamic Studies at the University of Tübingen. We also provide an approach for designing digital language learning exercises for Arabic which offer individualised feedback and scaffolding in order to supplement classroom teaching on the one hand and language assessment within a module on the other
Exact Formula for RX-Differential Probability Through Modular Addition for All Rotations
Get PDFThis work presents an exact and compact formula for the probability of rotation-xor differentials (RX-differentials) through modular addition, for arbitrary rotation amounts, which has been a long-standing open problem. The formula comes with a rigorous proof and is also verified by extensive experiments.Our formula uncovers error in a recent work from 2022 proposing a formula for rotation amounts bigger than 1. Surprisingly, it also affects correctness of the more studied and used formula for the rotation amount equal to 1 (from TOSC 2016). Specifically, it uncovers rare cases where the assumptions of this formula do not hold. Correct formula for arbitrary rotations now opens up a larger search space where one can often find better trails.For applications, we propose automated mixed integer linear programming (MILP) modeling techniques for searching optimal RX-trails based on our exact formula. They are consequently applied to several ARX designs, including Salsa, Alzette and a small-key variant of Speck, and yield many new RX-differential distinguishers, some of them based on provably optimal trails. In order to showcase the relevance of the RX-differential analysis, we also design Malzette, a 12-round Alzette-based permutation with maliciously chosen constants, which has a practical RX-differential distinguisher, while standard differential/linear security arguments suggest sufficient security
SeaFlame: Communication-Efficient Secure Aggregation for Federated Learning against Malicious Entities
Get PDFSecure aggregation is a popular solution to ensuring privacy for federated learning. However, when considering malicious participants in secure aggregation, it is difficult to achieve both privacy and high efficiency. Therefore, we propose SeaFlame, a communication-efficient secure aggregation protocol against malicious participants. Inspired by the state-of-the-art work, ELSA, SeaFlame also utilizes two non-colluding servers to ensure privacy against malicious entities and provide defenses against boosted gradients. Crucially, to improve communication efficiency, SeaFlame uses arithmetic sharing together with arithmetic-to-arithmetic share conversion to reduce client communication, and uses the random linear combination to reduce server communication.Security analysis proves that our SeaFlame guarantees privacy against malicious clients colluding with one malicious server. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that, compared to ELSA, SeaFlame optimizes communication by up to 10.5, 6.00, and 8.17 times for a client, a server, and all entities, at the expense of 1.25-1.86 times additional end-to-end runtime
AETHER: An Ultra-High Throughput and Low Energy Authenticated Encryption Scheme
Get PDFIn this paper, we introduce AETHER, an authenticated encryption scheme that achieves ultra-high throughput and low energy consumption, supporting a 256- bit key and a 128-bit tag. While inspired by an AEGIS-like structure, AETHER stands out with a completely redesigned round-update function. We replace the AES round function with a new inner function optimized for ultra-low latency and energy consumption. This function incorporates Orthros’s S-box and a 16x16 binary matrix from Akleylek et al., leading to a 1.56 times reduction in energy consumption and a 1.25 times reduction in delay compared to the AES round function. To further optimize hardware performance, we design the general construction of the roundupdate function to be more hardware-friendly, allowing parallel execution of the inner function on all 128-bit words, thereby enhancing both throughput and security against collision-based forgery attacks. AETHER achieves a throughput of 2.1 Tbit/s and an energy consumption of only 204.31 nJ, in the Nangate 15 nm standard cell library and a throughput of 5.23 Tbit/s and energy consumption of 1.83 nJ using the CNFET-OCL 5nm library, outperforming all existing AEADs
TREE: Bridging the gap between reconfigurable computing and secure execution
Get PDFTrusted Execution Environments (TEEs) have become a pivotal technology for securing a wide spectrum of security-sensitive applications. With modern computing systems shifting to heterogeneous architectures, integrating TEE support into these systems is paramount. One promising line of research has proposed leveraging FPGA technology to provide promising TEE solutions. Despite their potential, current implementations of FPGA-based TEEs have a set of drawbacks. Some solutions (i.e., MeetGo and ShEF) prioritize the secure loading of reconfigurable modules but lack compatibility with established legacy TEE specifications and services. On the other hand, those that aim to establish legacy compatibility (i.e., TEEOD and BYOTee) fail to fully utilize the dynamic reconfigurability and parallel processing capabilities inherent in FPGAs. In this context, we introduce Trusted Reconfigurable Execution Environments (TREE), a novel framework that fulfills the gaps existing in current FPGA-based TEE approaches. TREE enables system designers to fully leverage the reconfigurability capabilities of FPGAs without compromising compatibility with existing TEE specifications. Our reference TREE implementation ensures secure execution of user-customized hardware, legacy software trusted applications (TAs), and TAs that combine both custom hardware and software components, by fully exploiting the FPGA’s dynamic partial reconfiguration capabilities. TREE’s root of trust relies on conventional SoC-FPGA mechanisms including secure initial reconfiguration and memory protection, to ensure the initial bitstream integrity is kept after loaded and that reconfiguration access is restricted to the FPGA fabric after boot. Additionally, TREE provides essential TEE services within the FPGA fabric, including secure storage and cryptographic functions, enabling TAs to securely store sensitive data and perform critical operations in an isolated environment. Our evaluation on an entry-level FPGA, involved assessing TREE using microbenchmarks and real-world applications to compare its hardware costs and performance speedups against OP-TEE. The results showed that TREE’s hardware costs are minimal, while it achieves significant performance speedups, especially when compared to hardware TAs. For empirical demonstrations, we assess two real-world TA examples on TREE: an access control authenticator and a Bitcoin wallet
Strich – Schraffur – Farbe. Max Imdahls Aufzeichnungen aus den „Arbeitergesprächen“ mit Vertrauensleuten aus den Bayerwerken Leverkusen (1979–1980)
Get PDF
Narrative text analysis skills in relation to task support: A study with student teachers of German
Get PDFDer Beitrag untersucht anhand des Kurzprosatextes Nacht von Sybille Berg, inwieweit fortgeschrittene Deutschstudierende (N = 105) die in den Ländergemeinsamen Anforderungen für die Lehrkräftebildung der KMK umrissenen Fähigkeiten zur Erzähltextanalyse zeigen. Besonders berücksichtigt wurde dabei die Fähigkeit zur Reflexion erzählerischer Vermittlung. Mittels eines vierstufigen Ratingverfahrens und anschließender nichtparametrischer Varianzanalysen wurde überprüft, (a) wie gut die Studierenden die erzählerische Vermittlung des Beispieltextes erfassen, wenn sie geringfügigen (N = 22), mittleren (N = 47) und hohen Support (N = 36) bei der Aufgabenbearbeitung erhalten, und (b) ob je nach Supportniveau relevante Unterschiede in der Analyseleistung auftreten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen signifkant bessere Analyseleistungen mit mittlerer bis hoher Effektstärke bei denjenigen Studierenden, die die Aufgaben mit mittlerem und hohem Support bearbeitet haben, gegenüber denjenigen, die nur geringen Support bekamen. Die Studie erfolgte im Rahmen eines größeren Projekts, in dem nach der Passgenauigkeit von literaturwissenschaftlichen und -didaktischen Lernangeboten zur Erzähltextanalyse gefragt wird.This article uses the short prose text Nacht by Sybille Berg to analyse the extent to which advanced student teachers of German (N = 105) demonstrate the skills for narrative text analysis outlined in the Ländergemeinsamen Anforderungen für die Lehrkräftebildung (Common Requirements for Teacher Training) of the KMK (Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs). Particular attention was paid to the ability to reflect on narrative mediation. A four-stage rating procedure and subsequent non-parametric variance analyses were employed to address two research questions. Firstly, the extent to which students comprehend the narrative mediation of the sample text when provided with low (N = 22), medium (N = 47) or high task support (N = 36) was examined. Secondly, whether significant variations in analysis performance emerge contingent on the level of support provided was investigated. The results demonstrate a significant enhancement in analysis performance, characterised by medium to high effect sizes, among students who received medium and high support compared to those who only received low support. This study was conducted as part of a larger research project in which the appropriateness of learning opportunities for narrative text analysis is investigated