Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB): Open Journal Systems
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REFault: A Fault Injection Platform for Rowhammer Research on DDR5 Memory
Get PDFDDR5 is showing increased resistance to Rowhammer attacks compared to previous generations. The minimum hammer count (HCmin) is a metric to assess the susceptibility of the DRAM substrate to Rowhammer. Due to the lack of a generic platform that allows disabling refresh commands, there is currently no way to determine the HCmin of DDR5 UDIMMs. We address this gap with REFault, a low-cost fault injection system that allows altering DDR5 commands on-the-fly. REFault is made from a configurable DRAM fault injection interposer and a custom-designed injection controller. We leverage REFault to temporarily disable refresh commands on a commodity system, and determine, for the first time, the HC min of two DDR5 devices from major DRAM manufacturers. We show that the HC min is as low as 16 k activations, which has not improved compared to DDR4 devices. We conclude that the increased resistance to Rowhammer in DDR5 devices comes from improved mitigations rather than the DRAM substrate itself
pracy: A Practical Compiler for Attribute-Based Encryption in Python
No full textAttribute-based encryption (ABE) is a versatile primitive that has been considered in many applications to enforce access control cryptographically. To actually benefit from ABE in practice, we require implementations of schemes that satisfy all the properties that are needed. Many theoretical advancements have been made to attain such properties, ultimately resulting in powerful abstractions such as pair encodings. To build an ABE scheme, we use a compiler (in the theoretical sense), which transforms a provably secure pair encoding scheme into a provably secure ABE scheme. Although several such compilers have been introduced, they all abstract away many details that are relevant for engineers, which can hinder the implementation of schemes in practice.To address this problem, we propose pracy, which is a tool that automatically implements an ABE scheme from an input pair encoding scheme. To achieve this, we first note that we need to overcome a general issue in any automation efforts – including automated optimization and security analysis – in the field of pairing-based cryptography. In particular, there exist no parsers that properly model the interaction between the predicate and the pair encodings. Therefore, we devise a new formal model and type system, which capture this interaction in a way that is compatible with automated implementation efforts. To illustrate the feasibility of our model and system, we construct pracy, which is a (practical) compiler in Python that can implement ABE schemes in multiple target programming languages such as Python and C/C++. With pracy, we not only make the implementation of ABE schemes from pair encodings more accessible to practitioners, we realize the potential that pair encodings have to simplify implementation efforts
Methodological structuralism and the two-factor approach: Implications for consciousness science and AI
No full textMethodological structuralism is a research program that seeks to identify neural correlates of consciousness (NCCs) by mapping phenomenal similarity relationships onto the similarity relations between neural population activity. This paper presents a discussion of the potential benefits of methodological structuralism for the neurosciences of consciousness, namely as a specific theory of neural content encoding. In order to achieve this, I supplement it with a metatheoretical framework concerning the relationship between content and consciousness: the two-factor interaction view. Although structuralism provides a comprehensive description of the neural encoding of content, it is inadequate for fully explaining the conscious experience of contents. The majority of current theories of consciousness posit the existence of an additional mechanism that underlies the conscious experience of content. Consequently, if structuralism is indeed correct, progress in consciousness science can be achieved by investigating the interactions between neural mechanisms responsible for consciousness and structures in neural population code activity accounting for the structure of contents. This also has significant implications for consciousness in AI. I discuss these implications, as well as potential empirical avenues for investigating the interaction between content structures and consciousness with cutting-edge neuroscientific methodologies
Les referències culturals en la traducció indirecta: Gràcies per la propina de Ferran Torrent en alemany
Get PDFThis work has a double purpose: on the one hand, it studies the use of culturemes in the novel Gràcies per la propina (1994) by Ferran Torrent; on the other hand, it analyses their translation into German, carried out indirectly through the Spanish version. The results obtained show the importance of these units in the construction of a realistic narrative, which recreates the environments and material culture of the time in which the plot takes place, and of a discourse that brings the reader closer to Valencian popular speech. As for the transfer of culturemes, the research shows that a general strategy aimed at preserving cultural specificities is followed throughout the work. It becomes manifest in the frequent choice of exoticising translation techniques. However, certain types of culturemes are transferred preferably through domesticating techniques: especially in the case of linguistic culturemes, an effort has been made to maintain the colloquial and popular character of discourse, to the detriment of the cultural component.This work has a double purpose: on the one hand, it studies the use of culturemes in the novel Gràcies per la propina (1994) by Ferran Torrent; on the other hand, it analyses their translation into German, carried out indirectly through the Spanish version. The results obtained show the importance of these units in the construction of a realistic narrative, which recreates the environments and material culture of the time in which the plot takes place, and of a discourse that brings the reader closer to Valencian popular speech. As for the transfer of culturemes, the research shows that a general strategy aimed at preserving cultural specificities is followed throughout the work. It becomes manifest in the frequent choice of exoticising translation techniques. However, certain types of culturemes are transferred preferably through domesticating techniques: especially in the case of linguistic culturemes, an effort has been made to maintain the colloquial and popular character of discourse, to the detriment of the cultural component
Paraules hin und her. Traducció del pseudoalemany en Mortadelo y Filemón
Get PDFThe Spanish comics of Mortadelo y Filemón have travelled around the world, not only thanks to their adventures but also thanks to their translations. In this paper, we will analyse a fictional language with Germanised features that appear in the volume El sulfato atómico: the language of Tirania, as well as its translation into German and Catalan. To account for this phenomenon, we will first briefly reflect on the external factors for translating comics. We will then discuss the relationship between language and cultural references, known as realia, and their transfer to fictional worlds, irrealia. Following this theoretical basis, we will analyse the pseudo-German language and culture found in El sulfato atómico, both in the original and in its two translations. We will also include a section analysing the discursive creations that were made in the German translation to compensate those humorous features that could not be conveyed with more direct resources. From this analysis, we will draw some general guidelines for the translation of fictional languages.The Spanish comics of Mortadelo y Filemón have travelled around the world, not only thanks to their adventures but also thanks to their translations. In this paper, we will analyse a fictional language with Germanised features that appear in the volume El sulfato atómico: the language of Tirania, as well as its translation into German and Catalan. To account for this phenomenon, we will first briefly reflect on the external factors for translating comics. We will then discuss the relationship between language and cultural references, known as realia, and their transfer to fictional worlds, irrealia. Following this theoretical basis, we will analyse the pseudo-German language and culture found in El sulfato atómico, both in the original and in its two translations. We will also include a section analysing the discursive creations that were made in the German translation to compensate those humorous features that could not be conveyed with more direct resources. From this analysis, we will draw some general guidelines for the translation of fictional languages
Ausias March: Gedichte aus dem goldenen Jahrhundert Valencias. Eine Anthologie. Aus dem Altkatalanischen übersetzt und herausgegeben von Hans-Ingo Radatz. Bamberg: University of Bamberg Press, 2024
Get PDFJosep Marco / Isabel Tello (eds.): Towards an Empirical Verification of the Gravitational Pull Hypothesis. Evidence from the COVALT Corpus. Berlín: Peter Lang, 2024
Get PDFIeisme en els grups consonàntics cultes PL, CL, GL, BL i FL en el català a l\u27Aragó: una aproximació a la variació (socio)fonètica
Get PDFThis article analyses an ongoing linguistic change related to the vitality of the palatalisation of the alveolar lateral consonant originating in the Latin groups PL-, BL-, CL-, FL- and GL- in the Franja d’Aragó. This is one of the most singular features of the Ribagorzano and Leridano dialects of north-western Catalonia, shared with the Ribagorzano dialect of Aragonese. In this study, fifty communicative situations have been created to obtain contexts containing occurrences of these consonant clusters. A total of ninety realisations of the consonant have been examined using PRAAT (Boersma / Weenink, 2021). The results show the minoritarian presence of the palatoalveolar lateral in comparison with the approximant and the alveolar. This is an indicator that this feature is in a passive phase and can be considered a step prior to its disappearance.This article analyses an ongoing linguistic change related to the vitality of the palatalisation of the alveolar lateral consonant originating in the Latin groups PL-, BL-, CL-, FL- and GL- in the Franja d’Aragó. This is one of the most singular features of the Ribagorzano and Leridano dialects of north-western Catalonia, shared with the Ribagorzano dialect of Aragonese. In this study, fifty communicative situations have been created to obtain contexts containing occurrences of these consonant clusters. A total of ninety realisations of the consonant have been examined using PRAAT (Boersma / Weenink, 2021). The results show the minoritarian presence of the palatoalveolar lateral in comparison with the approximant and the alveolar. This is an indicator that this feature is in a passive phase and can be considered a step prior to its disappearance
Philosophical Roleplaying: Experiencing the History of Philosophy Through High School Lincoln-Douglas Debate
Get PDFDespite a lack of standardized education in philosophy throughout American public high schools, each year thousands of students spend their evenings and weekends learning about ethical issues through so-called Lincoln-Douglas debate. This paper discusses Lincoln-Douglas as a vehicle for philosophical education and its relationship to the history of philosophy and academic canon. I argue that compared to academic philosophers, debaters interpret, appropriate, and experience the history of philosophy in a heterodox fashion. I defend this approach as pedagogically meaningful insofar as it puts students in a position to experience philosophy as vital within their lives. I advance this argument with Gilles Deleuze’s phenomenological concept of “ethology,” which describes individuals as subjectivities constituted by both affective relations and perceptual experiences that work together to compose an existential world that is the horizon of their lives. I conclude with the development of the concept of “philosophical roleplaying” in order to examine the way that experience with philosophical concepts in Lincoln-Douglas debate influences student’s worldviews. I maintain that while the history of philosophy must serve a grounding guide for education in philosophy, it ought not limit a student’s creative insights or hinder their own horizon of thought
“Nothing to Be Practiced” (bsgom du med): What Conceptual Blendings and Metaphors Reveal About an Ancient Kagyu Concept
No full textThe term ‘nothing to be practiced’ often appears in the instruction genres of the Tibetan Kagyupa tradition. At first glance, it appears paradoxical, as ‘nothing to be practiced’ refers to a meditative practice. This paper resolves the paradox through a combined co-textual and conceptual blending analysis of selected early Kagyupa texts and Indian mahāsiddha sources, as preserved in Tibetan translations. The analysis reveals a simple typology that differentiates (1) apophatic/effortful expressions (stopping or blocking mental activity), (2) cataphatic/affirming states (resting in innate mind, uncontrived ease, gnosis), and (3) the intermediate process of familiarizing (goms pa), which is both a result of the first and a cause for the stabilization of the second.
Applying Fauconnier and Turner’s Conceptual Blending Theory, I show how selective projection of capacities and attitudes (but not techniques) yields a coherent blended structure—an ‘intentional non-practice’—that reconciles method and effortless resting. Complementing the blend analysis, I conduct a focused metaphor analysis that identifies recurring domain mappings following Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory. In some cases, these metaphorical framings illuminate why capacities and attitudes—rather than procedural techniques—tend to project into the blend, and they help explain the semantic shift from apophatic to cataphatic descriptions.
The analysis also uncovers a tentative pattern in this sample of canonical and para-canonical texts: terminological and conceptual shifts not only from apophatic to cataphatic descriptions, but also from causal to resultant framing, and from concrete activity terms to more abstract state terms. However, a broader corpus analysis must be left to future research