Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB): Open Journal Systems
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Objective foundations for the study of mental qualities
No full textQuality spaces promise to represent mental qualities objectively. That objectivity is compromised, however, if quality spaces are constructed by subjective introspective access, which is impressionistic. But mental qualities also have a robust and objective connection to perceptual discrimination. So quality spaces can be constructed in a fully objective way by appeal to their role in perceiving. In addition, the subjective appearances of mental qualities also bear a constitutive relation to perceptual role, since each subjective appearance consists in its subjectively appearing as it does when one perceives some specific type of object. So quality spaces constructed from perceptual role can also be used to characterize those subjective appearances. And since subjective appearance depends on perceptual role, the tie mental qualities have to perceptual role is more fundamental than that with subjective appearance. Quality spaces are useful in the first instance for objectively representing discriminable stimuli, and derivatively for objectively representing the corresponding mental qualities in respect of both their perceptual roles and their subjective appearances
Francesco Ardolino / Carme Gregori / Gonçal López-Pampló / Pere Rosselló: Escriure és reescriure. Anàlisi i testimonis en la literatura actual. València: Tirant Humanidades, 2023
Get PDFFrancesc Eiximenis: Die Regierung des Gemeinwesens (Regiment de la cosa pública), trad. i ed. per Alexander Fidora, Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder, 2024
Get PDF“There is no human who does not tend toward goodness”: Incorporating the Mencius-Xunzi Dialogue on Human Nature in a Neo-Aristotelian Character Education Program
Get PDFThis paper will discuss the incorporation of the famous philosophical dialogue between Mengzi and Xunzi on human nature into the curriculum of the required ethics course, “Ethics and the Cultivation of Character,” in the department of leadership education, at Culver Academies, which takes an explicitly neo-Aristotelian approach to ethics and character education. (Dutmer 2022; Kristjánsson 2015) The Culver Academies are a residential boarding high school in the US. This course takes place in a required leadership education sequence for all students organized around the inculcation of virtues for transformational leadership using evidence-based tools and research-based strategies. Here I argue that the Mengzi-Xunzi dialogue not only proves its efficacy as a discussion topic for an explicit, taught character education course through the content of its philosophical exchange, but that it serves as one clear example where virtue ethics in the ancient Confucian tradition can be incorporated into an existing neo-Aristotelian ethics and character course.
Educating For Self-Legislation Within An Emotional Landscape
Get PDFAccording to Kant, self-direction requires that one’s reasoning power reigns supreme, a view that has, for decades, supported “stand alone” critical thinking classes. In contrast, some argue for the need to reason together across difference hence the growing popularity of Communities of Philosophical Inquiry. It will be argued here that this focus is still too narrow. If “togetherness” is necessary for excellent reasoning, since, clearly, we are emotional beings as well as reasoning beings, such contexts requires that we take responsibility for managing the emotional environment in which that reasoning takes place. Such responsibility is sorely lacking in contemporary culture wars that condone self-righteous insult-flinging, define attempts to self-shield as evidence of deserved guilt, and that perpetrate widespread emotional fragility in the name of safety. Hence, it will be argued that it is imperative that we stop reproducing the error attributed to Descartes of assuming a quasi-disconnect between mind and body by embracing educational strategies that focus entirely on perfecting reason. The goal, rather, must be to educate so that we all take responsibility for creating “we contexts” by ensuring that the emotional landscape to which we inevitably contribute is amenable to the possibility of reasonable interchange and self-direction
Transitions in Transitivity: The Complexity of Effort, Effortlessness, and Agency in Tibetan Great Perfection Contemplative Practices
Get PDFThe Seminal Heart (snying thig) is a form of the Tibetan Buddhist Great Perfection (rdzogs chen) tradition, which itself has been marked by a complex array of contemplative practices that have changed dramatically since its inception in the eighth century right up to present times. A highly innovative central principle in these meditations is the shifting roles of volitional effort and loci of agency at play in their procedures, as well as in the manifest appearances, sensations, and dynamics that constitute the unfolding processes and experiences therein. In addition, subtle and dramatic shifts in transitivity—the directional transfer of energy and locus of agency amongst various agents and patients—are important features, so that understanding these questions of effort/lessness and agency requires paying close attention to the contemplative lexicon of elements and the grammar of contemplation, including moments when there are scripted shifts from procedural techniques to the unfolding logic of experience. This article will focus on the crucial initial formative period of the Seminal Heart tradition—from the eleventh through fourteenth centuries—and offer speculative thoughts about how these contemplative issues were crucial factors in the tradition’s dynamic changes over time
Keying Merkle-Damgård at the Suffix
Get PDFA classical way to turn a cryptographic hash function into a MAC (message authentication code) function is by concatenating key and message and interpreting the result as a tag. For the Merkle-Damgård hash function construction, the approach to prepend the key to the message is known to be insecure, as it is vulnerable to the length extension attack. This observation eventually resulted in the introduction of the HMAC construction. The alternative approach to append the key to the message, even though it already dates back to a work of Tsudik from 1992, has never been investigated in detail. In this work, we perform an in-depth treatment on the possibilities to design a MAC function from the Merkle-Damgård hash function construction by processing the key at the suffix. We formalize two constructions: the suffix keyed Merkle-Damgård construction that simply appends key to message, and the suffix blinded Merkle-Damgård construction that blinds the state before compressing the last message, much like the suffix keyed sponge construction (SuKS). We subsequently prove that both constructions are secure in the standard model under reasonable assumptions on the underlying compression function. We finally investigate the security of these constructions in the leaky setting, and demonstrate that the suffix keyed Merkle-Damgård construction is not leakage resilient, but the suffix blinded Merkle-Damgård construction is leakage resilient as long as an appropriate padding rule is adopted and as long as the underlying building blocks are processing secret data in a leakage resilient manner
Observations on TETRA Encryption Algorithm TEA-3
Get PDFWe present a number of observations on TEA-3, a stream cipher used in TETRA radio networks that was kept secret until recently. While the same also holds for the six other TETRA encryption algorithms, we pick TEA-3 to start with, as (i) it is not obviously weakened as TEA-{1,4,7} but (ii) in contrast to TEA-2 it is approved for extra-European emergency service, and (iii) as already noted by [MBW23] the TEA-3 design surprisingly contains a non-bijective S-box. Most importantly, we show that the 80-bit non-linear feedback shift register operating on the key decomposes into a cascade of two 40-bit registers. Although this hints at an intentional weakness at first glance, we are not able to lift our results to a practical attack. Other than that, we show how the balanced non-linear feedback functions used in the state register of TEA-3 can be constructed
Higher-Order Time Sharing Masking
Get PDFAt CHES 2024, Time Sharing Masking (TSM) was introduced as a novel low-latency masking technique for hardware circuits. TSM offers area and randomness efficiency, as well as glitch-extended PINI security, but it is limited to first-order security. We address this limitation and generalize TSM to higher-order security while maintaining all of TSM’s advantages. Additionally, we propose an area-latency tradeoff. We prove HO-TSM glitch-extended PINI security and successfully evaluate our circuits using formal verification tools. Furthermore, we demonstrate area- and latency-efficient implementations of the AES S-box, which do not exhibit leakage in TVLA on FPGA. Our proposed tradeoff enables a first-order secure implementation of a complete AES-128 encryption core with 92 kGE, 920 random bits per round, and 20 cycles of latency, which does not exhibit leakage in TVLA on FPGA