University of Science and Technology, Yemen (USTY): Journals / جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجي
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A Proposed Vision for Preparing Students of Colleges of Education for Community Leadership in Light of Nafee’ Model (6x3)
No full textاستهدف البحث الحالي بناء تصور مقترح لإعداد طلاب كليات التربية للقيادة المجتمعية في ضوء نموذج نافع (6×3)، الذي يقوم على ست مراحل: التخلي، التبني، التكيف، التميز، التنافسية، والتحول الرقمي. وتتمثل مشكلة البحث في الحاجة إلى إعداد طلاب قادرين على ممارسة أدوار قيادية مجتمعية فاعلة تتناسب مع متطلبات التنمية والتحولات المعاصرة.
اعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي للأدبيات والدراسات ذات الصلة، وانتهى إلى تصور يقوم على أربعة أبعاد رئيسة: المهارات، القيم، الممارسات التربوية، والأدوار المجتمعية، يتم تفعيلها عبر مراحل النموذج. وأكدت النتائج أن نموذج نافع يمثل إطارًا مرنًا يسهم في تكوين شخصية قيادية للطالب الجامعي قادرة على التكيف والمنافسة واستثمار أدوات التحول الرقمي في خدمة المجتمع.The present study aimed to develop a proposed framework for preparing students of faculties of education for community leadership in light of Nafee Model (6×3), which is based on six stages: letting go, adoption, adaptation, excellence, competitiveness, and digital transformation. The research problem lies in the urgent need to prepare students capable of undertaking effective community leadership roles that align with contemporary transformations and development requirements. The study adopted the descriptive-analytical method of relevant literature and previous studies, concluding with a framework built on four main dimensions: skills, values, educational practices, and community roles, activated through the stages of the model. The results confirmed that Nafee Model provides a flexible framework that contributes to shaping a leadership-oriented student identity capable of adaptation, competitiveness, and utilizing digital transformation tools in the service of society
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C Viruses among Hemodialysis Patients in Mukalla City, Hadhramout, Yemen
Get PDFIntroduction: Hemodialysis (HD) patients are at high risk of infection with blood transfusion viruses such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Chronic infections with HBV and HCV may lead to liver cirrhosis, hepatic failure and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Objective: The present work was aimed to screen the seroprevalence rate and risk factors of HBV and HCV infections among HD patients attending the Artificial Kidney Center in Mukalla city, Hadhramout Governorate, Yemen.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study conducted on 110 HD patients (73 males and 37 females) in the period from January to March 2024. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV were detected using the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay technique. The data concerning risk factors were collected using a designed questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS software.
Results: In our study, 6(5.5%) of HD patients were HBsAg positive and 8(7.3%) were anti-HCV positive. There was statistically significant correlation between the age groups and educational level with the prevalence rate of HBV (P < 0.05). Analysis of other risk factors in HD patients with HBV and HCV infections of variables the blood transfusion during hemodialysis, previous operational surgery, number of hemodialysis more than 3 times per month, duration of hemodialysis 1-5 years, and unvaccinated patients against HBV don\u27t showed any statistically significant associations.
Conclusion: The present study showed a reduction in the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in HD patients, but represents a serious community health problem to become a nosocomial infection in the Artificial Kidney Center in Mukalla city, Hadhramout. So, proper and effective procedures for infection control may be reduce and prevent viral hepatitis infections
Prevalence and Evaluation of Yemeni Pharmacy Graduates\u27 Interest in Pursuing Master\u27s Degrees: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textObjective: This study examines the prevalence of interest among Yemeni pharmacy graduates in pursuing a master\u27s degree and validates a culturally sensitive questionnaire designed for the same purpose.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed to 123 pharmacy graduates or in their final year of study. Data was collected via Google form in the period between June – July 2024. Participants were either pharmacy graduates or students in their final year of pharmacy. The survey was validated using pilot study and analyzed by SPSS version 26.
Results: indicated that majority of participants were under 25 years old (65%), with a slight male predominance 83 (67.5%). In addition, 70 (56.9%) of respondents already graduated, while the remaining 53 (43.1%) were in their final year of pharmacy studies or the first year of a master\u27s program. 86 (69.6%) of participants declared that they have less than 5 years of experience and 37 (30.1%) reported the opposite. The survey indicated a high prevalence of interest in postgraduate studies, particularly in clinical pharmacy 77 (62.6%), pharmacology 60 (48.8%), industrial pharmacy 28 (22.8%), medicinal chemistry 20 (16.3%), social and administrative pharmacy 19 (15.4%), pharmacognosy 17 (13.8%), and pharmacy practice 16 (13%). The questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach\u27s alpha > 0.70).
Conclusion: This study developed a robust survey instrument to assess Yemeni pharmacy graduates\u27 interest in pursuing master’s degrees, revealing a strong inclination towards clinical pharmacy followed by pharmacology and low interest towards pharmacognosy
Awareness and Adherence to the Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy for Treatment of Diabetes Among Physicians in Aden, Yemen: A Nationwide Survey
Get PDFThis study examines the awareness and adherence of physicians in Aden, Yemen, to national diabetes management guidelines, focusing on the challenges affecting implementation. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in July 2023 with 115 physicians from various hospitals in Aden, Yemen. The survey explored physicians\u27 familiarity with the guidelines, the frequency of their review, and perceived obstacles to adherence. The sample comprised 70 male (60.9%) and 45 female (39.1%) physicians, with most working in urban hospitals (73.9%). The majority (91.3%) were aged 60 or younger, and 56.5% were specialists, including endocrinologists and internal medicine physicians. The findings revealed that 68% of physicians were aware of the guidelines, with 93% adhering to them for most patients. A significant 67% felt the guidelines improved patient outcomes, and 75% were confident in implementing them. However, 77% of respondents faced barriers to full implementation, such as limited resources, patient non-compliance, and insufficient training. Despite high awareness, adherence was hindered by these challenges. The study underscores the need for better resource allocation, targeted educational initiatives, and ongoing professional development to enhance adherence to diabetes management guidelines and improve patient care outcomes in Yemen
Analysis and Evaluation of Medical Prescription Practices in Taiz City– A Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFIntroduction: Using medications wisely means giving the right medicine, in the right amount, and at the right price. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), this means that patients should get the medicines they need based on their health, in doses that suit them, for as long as necessary, and at the lowest cost for themselves and their community.
Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate and analyze prescriptions from different areas in Taiz city according to WHO prescribing indicators, detect medication errors, and detect drug interactions.
Method: This study was a cross-sectional design study conducted from March to June 2022 in different areas in Taiz City. The prescriptions included in the study were from qualified doctors in different specialties. The prescription was analyzed according to WHO parameters and pattern indicators. From each prescription, data regarding the total number of drugs, generics, antibiotics, parenteral drugs, and essential drugs were extracted. A total of 350 medical prescriptions were included in this study.
Results: All the drugs that were collected in the prescriptions were 1610 drug kinds. found out that the average number of drugs per prescription was 4.61. In addition, the percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 8.3%. Furthermore, the percentage of antibiotics was 13.3%. Furthermore, the percentage of injection as the route of administration was 12.3%. And the percentage of drugs prescribed from the essential drug list was 69.4%. Furthermore, the number of drug-drug interactions detected was 108; the use of the drug was missed with 100 medicines; dosage frequency was missed with 166 medicines; the date of prescription was missed with 83 prescriptions; the age of the patient was missed with 162 prescriptions; unclear writing was in 70 prescriptions; the name of the patient was missed in 6 prescriptions; and the diagnosis was missed in 117 prescriptions.
Conclusion: The number of drug-drug interactions detected was 108; the dose of the drug was missed with 100 medicines; the dosage frequency was missed with 166 medicines; the date of prescription was missed with 83 prescriptions; the age of the patient was missed with 162 prescriptions; unclear writing was in 70 prescriptions; the name of the patient was missed in 6 prescriptions; and the diagnosis was missed in 117 prescriptions
Effect of Buccal Fat Pad in Surgical Repair of Cleft Palate in Yemeni Patients
Get PDFBackground: Cleft palate represents a prevalent congenital orofacial anomaly arising from disrupted embryological fusion of the palatal shelves during the 6th to 12th weeks of gestation.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the clinical utility of buccal fat pad (BFP) augmentation in reducing postoperative oronasal fistula incidence and optimizing surgical outcomes during primary cleft palate repair in a resource-limited Yemeni population.
Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial involved twenty pediatric patients (aged 1–6 years) with non-syndromic cleft palate (Veau I–III) treated at Al Kuwait Hospital, Sana’a, Yemen. Participants were randomized into two groups: the experimental group underwent BFP-augmented palatoplasty, and the control group received conventional layered repair. All surgeries followed standardized protocols under general anesthesia, with BFP harvested intraorally to reinforce mucosal layers. Outcomes were assessed over six weeks by blinded evaluators using the Pittsburgh Fistula Classification System.
Results: The BFP cohort demonstrated a 90% surgical success rate (9/10 cases; 95% CI: 60.1–99.0%), compared to 40% in the control group (4/10; 95% CI: 16.8–68.7%), yielding a statistically significant risk difference of 50% (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.033). Oronasal fistulas developed in 10% (1/10) of BFP-augmented cases versus 60% (6/10) of controls (p = 0.025). No significant intergroup differences were observed in postoperative infection rates (10% vs. 20%, p = 0.53) or wound dehiscence.
Conclusion: BFP-augmented palatoplasty effectively reduces oronasal fistula incidence and improves surgical efficiency, presenting a cost-effective option for cleft palate repair in resource-limited settings. These findings support incorporating BFP techniques into cleft care protocols to reduce reoperation rates and enhance patient outcomes. Further longitudinal research is needed to assess long-term functionality and broader clinical applicability
Cytomegalovirus among Aborted Women in Abyan Governorate -Yemen
Get PDFالخلفية:ان الفيروس المضخم للخلايا البشري هو احد مسببات للمضاعفات الخطيرة لدى الأمهات الحوامل واجنتهن الاهداف: ومن هنا هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تحديد معدل انتشار الاجسام المضادة من نوع IgG وIgM ضد الفيروس المضخم للخلايا البشري بين النساء المجهضات بمحافظة ابين -اليمن كما هدفت الى تحدد العدد مرات وقت الاجهاض والعوال ذات العلاقة التي تساهم في انتشار وانتقال الفيروس بين تلك النساء. الطريقة: اجريت هذه الدراسة ذات المقطع العرضي على عدد 105 امرأة من اللواتي تعرضن للإجهاض, وقد تم جمع عينات الدم منهن, ثم تم فصل المصل واختبار الاجسام المضادة للفيروس من نوع IgG وIgM باستخدام تقنية الاشعاع الضوئي الكهروكيمياوي (كوباس) المتاح تجارياً. وقد ام تحليل البيانات احصائيا استخدام برنامج SPSS النسخة 25. النتائج: اظهرت نتائج الدراسة ان معدل انتشار المصلي ضد فيروس الضخم للخلايا البشري كان104 (99%) للضد IgG بينما 4(3,4%) للضد IgM ,حيث كانت اعلى نسب انتشار للضد IgG 41 (100%) و 25(100%) في الفئة العمرية 26-35 سنة والفئة العمرية <35 سنة, على التوالي, و 19(100%) و 41(100%) عند اولئك النسوة اللاتي كن اميات وأولئك اللاتي كن يحملن مؤهلات ثانويةعامة, على التوالي و 25(100%) عند اولئك الاتي كن يعشن في مناطق الحضر و50(100%) و3(100%) عند اولئك الاتي كان دخلهن المادي متوسط الى حدا ما واولئك التي دحلهن عالي, على التوالي واخيرا 12(100%) عند اولئك الاتي لديهن اعمال خاصة. فيما يخص الضد من النوع IgM فكانت اعلى نسب 2(5.1%) في الفئة العمرية اقل من 25سنة و1(5.3%) بين النسوة الاتي كن اميات و 1(4%) بين اولئك الاتي كن يعشن في مناطق الحضر و 2(5.2%) بين ذوات الدخل المحدود و4(4.3%) بين ريات البيوت. بالرقم لم تكن هناك علاقة ذات دلالة احصائية بين النتائج الايجابية للاجسام المضادة من نوع IgG و IgM وعدد مرات الاجهاض والاشهر التي تم فيها الاجهاض والاعراض و عوامل الاختطار ذات الصلة.الاستنتاج:يستنتج من هذه الدراسة ان معدل الانتشار المصلي للأجسام المضادة من نوع IgG ضد الفيروس المضخم للخلايا لدى النساء المُجهضات في ابين, اليمن أعلى من المعدلات المُسجلة عالميًا، بينما كان معدل انتشار الأجسام المضادة نوع IgM أقل من معظم الدراسات السابقة. سجلت النساء المقيمات في المناطق الحضرية أعلى معدلات لكل من الأجسام المضادة IgG وIgM. واختلفت معدلات الانتشار للأجسام المضادة IgG وIgM باختلاف الحالة الاجتماعية والجعرافية للنساء. ولم تكن هناك لاي من العلاقات بين معدل انتشار الأجسام المضادة IgG وIgM وعدد مرات وزمن الإجهاض والأعراض وعوامل الاختطار الأخرى.Background: The cytomegalovirus can cause potentially life-threatening complications in infected pregnant women and fetuses.
Objective: This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of IgG and IgM against CMV among aborted women in Abyan Governorate, Yemen, and to determine the number and trimesters of abortions as well as other related risk factors that may contribute to transmission of the virus among those women.
Methods: A total of 105 women were enrolled in this analytical cross-sectional study. The blood samples were collected from all women, and the sera were separated; then the anti-CMV IgG and IgM were determined using commercially available ECLIA techniques. The data was analyzed using SPSS.
Results: The overall seroprevalence of IgG against CMV infections was 104 (99.0%) and 4 (3.8%), respectively. The highest rates of IgG seropositivity among aborted women were 41 (100%) and 25 (100%) in the age groups 26–35 years and >35 years, respectively; 19 (100%) and 41 (100%) among illiterate women and those who had secondary school education, respectively; 25 (100%) among women living in urban areas; 50 (100%) and 3 (100%) among women who had medium and high socioeconomic status, respectively; and 12 (100%) among women who had private work. In contrast, the rates of IgM antibodies were high: 2 (5.1%) among women in the age groups <25 years, 5.3% among illiterate women, 4% among women who were living in urban areas, 5.2% among women with low income, and 4.3% among housewives. The positive anti-HCMV IgG and IgM had no significant association with number, trimester, symptoms, and other related factors.
Conclusion: The seroprevalence of IgG antibodies of CMV infections among aborted women in Abyan. Women living in urban areas had the highest rates of both anti-HCMV IgG and IgM antibodies. Seroprevalence of anti-HCMV IgG and IgM were different according to the sociodemographic status of women. There was no significant association between the seroprevalence of anti-HCMV IgG and IgM and the number and time of abortion, symptoms, and other risk factors
High-Dose Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Prioritizing Organ-at-Risk Dose Limitation
Get PDFBackground: Locally advanced pancreatic cancer presents major treatment challenges.
Objective: This report highlights high-dose radiotherapy as a palliative option, aiming to relieve symptoms and minimize damage to surrounding organs while enhancing antitumor effects.
Case: An 87-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes was referred for palliative radiotherapy due to unresectable, locally advanced pancreatic cancer that had spread to the head of the pancreas. To provide symptomatic relief, including relief from epigastric pain and a feeling of fullness, she received high-dose volumetric modulated arc therapy (66-92 Gy /33 fractions) with an emphasis on limiting the radiation exposure of organs at risk. The radiotherapy plan was designed to administer a dose of 66 Gy to the planning target volume (PTV), ensuring that at least 95% of the PTV received this dose. Concurrently, the maximum permissible dose to a 0.1-ml volume of the small intestine and stomach was strictly limited to less than 66 Gy. The mean dose to these organs was set at 46 Gy. The treatment plan was modified midway through by adapting the PTV after the patient had received 46 Gy.
Results: At the six-month follow-up, complete tumor remission was observed, and her symptoms were alleviated. No adverse events were reported during or within six months after radiotherapy.
Conclusion: A high-dose adaptive radiation therapy strategy that prioritizes dose constraints to critical organs may serve as an alternative treatment option for elderly patients and those with comorbidities among patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer
Fully Autonomous Wheelchair for Indoor Mobility: A Hybrid Approach to Mapping and Navigation with ROS
Get PDFنظرًا لعدم كفاءة بعض الحلول المتاحة للتنقل للأشخاص ذوي الإعاقات الجسدية الشديدة، تبرز الحاجة إلى أنظمة ذاتية موثوقة. يقدم هذا البحث كرسي متحرك ذاتي القيادة يعتمد على نظام ROS، مزودًا بتقنية الإدراك البصري باستخدام مستشعر Kinect Xbox للرؤية، وتقنية RTAB-Map لإنشاء الخرائط، وAMCL لتحديد الموقع، بالإضافة إلى مستشعرات أخرى توفر معلومات حول قياس المسافة (odometry) وكشف العقبات لنظام ROS لتنفيذ تخطيط المسار بدقة عالية وتجنب العقبات في الوقت الفعلي. أظهرت الاختبارات الأولية باستخدام خوارزمية Gmapping SLAM مشاكل في التزامن والدقة، تم حلها باستخدام نهج هجين يجمع بين RTAB-Map وAMCL، مما أدى إلى تحسين كبير في دقة الخرائط والتنقل الموثوق داخل الأماكن المغلقة. وصل الكرسي باستمرار إلى وجهاته المُستهدفة، مما يثبت كفاءته ودقته. يتم اختيار المواقع من خلال واجهة سهلة الاستخدام تم تطويرها باستخدام إطار عمل Qt، ويتم حاليًا العمل على دمج تقنية التعرف على الصوت المدعومة بالذكاء الاصطناعي لتمكين التحكم بدون استخدام اليدين.People with severe physical disabilities often find existing mobility solutions inadequate, necessitating the need for reliable autonomous systems. This paper introduces a ROS-based autonomous wheelchair that utilizes the Kinect Xbox sensor for visual perception, RTAB-Map for mapping, and AMCL for localization. Additionally, it incorporates additional sensors that supply odometry and obstacle detection data to the ROS navigation stack, enabling precise path planning and real-time obstacle avoidance. Initial tests using the Gmapping SLAM algorithm revealed synchronization and accuracy issues. However, a hybrid RTAB-Map and AMCL approach resolved these issues, delivering superior detail in the maps and reliable navigation indoors. The system consistently reached its target destinations, proving robustness and accuracy. The Qt framework-built user-friendly interface enables destination selection, and AI-powered voice recognition integration is currently in progress to facilitate hands-free control
UTILIZING AN OPEN IMPELLER OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP IN REVERSE MODE TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY
Get PDFThe increasing demand for electricity, particularly in remote and off-grid regions, has highlighted the need for cost-effective and environmentally sustainable energy solutions. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing a centrifugal pump, operated in reverse mode with an open impeller, as a turbine for micro-hydro power generation. Small hydropower (SHP) systems, characterized by their affordability and minimal ecological impact, represent a promising alternative to large-scale energy projects. Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the operational parameters of the open impeller, focusing on the Best Efficiency Point (BEP), power output, and efficiency at varying discharge rates and inlet heads. Results revealed a peak efficiency of 77% at a power output of 3447 W, a rotational speed of 1990 rpm at a head of 13 m, and a flow rate of 14.58 m³/s. The findings demonstrate that the open impeller effectively functions as a micro-turbine, offering a viable solution for electricity generation in isolated rural communities or standalone urban homes with adequate water resources. This study underscores the potential of centrifugal pumps in reverse mode as a cost-efficient and scalable alternative for micro-hydro power systems, fostering energy accessibility in underserved areas