University of Science and Technology, Yemen (USTY): Journals / جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجي
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The Social Protection System in the Sultanate of Oman (Reality and Hope)
No full textتقدم الدراسة محاولة تحليلية لاستقصاء واقع منظومة الحماية الاجتماعية في سلطنة عُمان كدراسة حالة، لمحاولة معرفة الإجابة عن تساؤل رئيس: ما مدى كفاية برامج الحماية الاجتماعية في توفير مظلة آمنة للمجتمع العماني؟ بتحليل مجموعة من المتطلبات الأساسية في تكوين منظومات الحماية الاجتماعية، وفقاً لمعايير المنظمات الدولية مثل صندوق الأمم المتحدة للسكان، وبرنامج الأمم المتحدة الإنمائي، التي تشمل: مكونات برامج منظومة الحماية الاجتماعية وشموليتها للفئات الاجتماعية كافة ومدى كفايتها، والأدوار الطارئة والدائمة التي تقوم بها منظومة العمل.
الدراسة استوعبت جميع برامج منظومة العمل لتحليل مدى قدرتها على تحقيق التغطية الشاملة للفئات الاجتماعية، وتناولت الدراسة تحليلاً للأدوار الدائمة والطارئة. ومنها توصلت الدراسة لمجموعة من النتائج؛ أهمها: وجوب التنوع في البرامج والخدمات التي تقدمها منظومات الحماية الاجتماعية؛ لتحقيق التغطية المناسبة والوصول إلى كافة الفئات الاجتماعية المحتاجة للدعم والمساندة، وضرورة تحديث آليات الاستهداف؛ نظراً لطبيعة تغير الأوضاع الاجتماعية والاقتصادية بالمجتمعات.The study presents an analytical attempt to explore the reality of the social protection system in the Sultanate of Oman as a case study, in an attempt to answer a key question: How adequate are social protection programs in providing a safe haven for Omani society? This is achieved by analyzing a set of basic requirements for establishing social protection systems in accordance with the standards of international organizations such as the United Nations Population Fund and the United Nations Development Programme. These include: the components of social protection system programs, their comprehensiveness and adequacy, and the emergency and permanent roles played by the work system.
The study covered all programs within the work system to analyze their ability to achieve comprehensive coverage for social groups. The study also analyzed the permanent and emergency roles. Through this, the study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the need to diversify the programs and services provided by social protection systems to achieve adequate coverage and reach all social groups in need of support and assistance. It also emphasized the need to update targeting mechanisms given the changing nature of social and economic conditions in societies
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Ideology and Culture in Shaping Political Narratives through Translation
No full textيهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة تأثير طرق استخدام المترجمين أيديولوجياتهم وخلفياتهم الثقافية، وكيف تُسهم هذه الطرق في إعادة صياغة وتمثيل السرديات السياسية في النصوص المترجمة. تعتمد هذه الدراسة على منهجية تحليل الخطاب النقدي لفيركلاف لتوضيح العلاقة بين كلاً من اللغة والسلطة والأيديولوجيا بالترجمة، يتضمن نموذج التحليل إيجاد استراتيجيات لغوية وأخرى خطابية محددة، مثل طريقة استخدام الكلمات، وكيفية تأطيرها، وما تُغفله، مما يُظهر الموقف الأيديولوجي للمترجم والسياق الثقافي. وعلى أساس مقارن، تشرح الدراسة كيف تُؤطر السرديات السياسية النسخة المترجمة بما يُناسب التوقعات الثقافية للجمهور المستهدف، أو أحيانًا بما يُخالف أجندته الأيديولوجية. تُصوّر النتائج دور المترجم في ربط اللغة السياسية وتداعيات هذه القرارات على التواصل بين الثقافات وفهم السياسة دوليًا. يُضيف هذا البحث مساهمات مهمة إلى مجال دراسات الترجمة من خلال الإشارة إلى أهمية الفحص النقدي للأيديولوجيات والأهداف الثقافية عند ترجمة الوثائق السياسية.The proposed research paper seeks to unravel the political undertones of the ideologies and backgrounds of the translation team based on the choices available in translation. The research recommends the use of CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis), based on Fairclough\u27s theoretical approach, as a foundation from which it hopes to view the relationship between language, power, and translation. In this process of analyzing, the researchers would develop a set of linguistic as well as discursive features descriptive of the translation team\u27s position on the ideology as well as the cultural setting from the use of words, perspective, and omitted views, respectively. The narrative is shaped to fit the cultural expectations of the audience, as opposed to the translation team\u27s ideology, as cited in-depth on a comparison basis. The findings demonstrate the translation team\u27s involvement in building a linkage between political language, especially based on the choice impact, within cross-cultural communications as well as international politics. The current study points towards a need to be more cautious on the ideology and cultural setting within the translation procedure of political views as a means to revive translation researc
Intellectual Capital and Its Impact on the Performance of Educational Institutions(A Case Study of the Community College of Aden)
No full textهدف البحث إلى معرفة أثر رأس المال الفكري بأبعاده (البشري، الهيكلي، العلائقي) على الأداء المؤسسي بأبعاد (الكفاءة، الفاعلية) في كلية المجتمع عدن، وتمثل مجتمع الدراسة بالإداريين والأكاديميين والمختصين في الكلية، وعددهم (50) فردًا، وجرى استخدام عينة عشوائية، واعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي، واستخدمت الدراسة الاستبانة أداةً لجمع البيانات، واستخدم في البحث البرنامج الإحصائي (SPSS) لتحليل البيانات، وتوصَّل البحث إلى عددٍ من النتائج أبرزها: أنَّ مستوى توافر رأس المال البشري في الكلية كان متوسطًا، مما يعكس ضعفًا نسبيًا في تقييم المبحوثين لمستوى الكفاءة والمهارات لدى العاملين، ومستوى توافر رأس المال الهيكلي كان متوسطًا، مما يدل على عدم رضا تام لدى أفراد العينة عن البُنية التنظيمية والمعلوماتية في الكلية، كذلك مستوى رأس المال العلائقي في الكلية كان متوسطًا، مما يعكس ضعفًا نسبيًا في علاقات الكلية مع المجتمع الخارجي وأصحاب المصلحة، وأنَّ مستوى الأداء المؤسسي في كلية المجتمع عدن كان متوسطًا، مما يشير إلى أنَّ الأداء المؤسسي بحاجةٍ إلى مزيدٍ من التطوير والتحسين في ضوء تقييم أفراد العينة، كما أوضحت النتائج وجود علاقةٍ ارتباطيةٍ قويةٍ بين رأس المال الفكري بأبعاده الثلاثة مجتمعة (البشري، الهيكلي، العلائقي) والأداء المؤسسي، مع تفوق بُعدي الهيكلي والعلائقي على البُعد البشري، مما يعني أنَّ رأس المال الفكري يؤثر بنحوٍ معنوي وكبيرٍ على الأداء المؤسسي في كلية المجتمع عدن، وتوصَّل البحث إلى عددٍ من التوصيات، أهمها: تعزيز الاستثمار في رأس المال البشري، عن طريق إقامة برامج تدريبٍ وتطويرٍ مستمرٍ لتنمية مهارات الكادر الأكاديمي والإداري، خاصةً في الجوانب التقنية والتعليم الحديث، واستقطاب كفاءاتٍ مؤهلةٍ لتقوية الأداء المؤسسي، وتعزيز بيئة الإبداع.This study investigated the impact of intellectual capital (human, structural, relational) on institutional performance (efficiency, effectiveness) at the Community College of Aden. The research population comprised 50 administrative and academic staff, sampled randomly. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, data was collected via a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. Key findings revealed a moderate availability level for all intellectual capital dimensions. Human capital was moderately rated, indicating perceived weaknesses in staff competence and skills. Structural capital was also moderate, reflecting some dissatisfaction with the organizational and information systems. Relational capital scored similarly, suggesting room for improving the college\u27s external stakeholder relationships. Consequently, overall institutional performance was rated moderate, signifying a need for development.
The results demonstrated a strong, positive correlation between the combined dimensions of intellectual capital and institutional performance. Notably, the structural and relational dimensions had a more pronounced impact than the human dimension. This confirms that intellectual capital significantly influences institutional performance at the college.
Recommendations include enhancing human capital investment through continuous training programs for staff, particularly in technical and modern pedagogical skills; attracting qualified personnel; and fostering an innovative work environment to strengthen overall institutional performance
Evaluating the Impact of Business Intelligence and Flexible IT Infrastructure on Competitive Advantage in Light of Organizational Agility (Case Study: Azal Hospital in Sana\u27a, Yemen)
No full textيحتاج المديرون إلى استراتيجية ليصبحوا فريدين من أجل تطوير منتجات وخدمات المنظمات في المجال التنافسي، يُعدّ ذكاء الأعمال أداةً تُساعد كبار المديرين على اتخاذ قرارات سريعة وفي الوقت المناسب وسط كمّ هائل من المعلومات والبيانات، كما تؤدي تكنولوجيا المعلومات دورًا حيويًا في بقاء المؤسسات في عصر التغيرات والتطورات البيئية المتسارعة، ويهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة الميزة التنافسية لاستخدام ذكاء الأعمال، والبنية التحتية المرنة لتكنولوجيا المعلومات، ومرونة المؤسسة، البحث وصفي واستنتاجي من حيث المنهج، وتمت دراسة العاملين في قسم تكنولوجيا المعلومات في مستشفى آزال في العاصمة اليمنية صنعاء، وللتحقق من موثوقية أداة جمع البيانات تم استخدام معيارين: ألفا كرونباخ، والموثوقية المركبة، والتي بلغت قيمها 0.81 و 0.91 على التوالي، تم التأكد من صحة الاختبار بطريقتين: صحة البناء باستخدام برنامج PLS وإحصائيات t ، والصدق التقاربي باستخدام طريقة AVE، وتم تحليل الفرضيات باستخدام نمذجة المعادلات الهيكلية، وأظهرت النتائج أن استخدام ذكاء الأعمال يُحسّن مرونة المؤسسة، وأن مرونة البنية التحتية لتكنولوجيا المعلومات تُحسّن مرونة المؤسسة، وتُحسّن رضا العملاء، وتُحسّن الميزة التنافسية، كما يُحسّن تحسين متغير التنبؤ وضع متغير المعيار في المؤسسة، وتم تأكيد الفرضيات من واحد إلى ستة، ولكن لم يتم تأكيد جزء من الفرضية الرئيسية، والتي تشير إلى تأثير استخدام ذكاء الأعمال في الميزة التنافسية. Managers need a strategy to become unique in order to develop their organizations\u27 products and services in the competitive arena. Business intelligence is a tool that helps senior managers make quick and timely decisions amidst a vast amount of information and data. Information technology also plays a vital role in the survival of organizations in an era of rapid environmental change and development. This research aims to examine the competitive advantage of using business intelligence, flexible IT infrastructure, and organizational agility. The research is descriptive and inferential in its methodology. The study examined employees in the IT department at Azal Hospital in Sana\u27a, Yemen. To verify the reliability of the data collection tool, two criteria were used: Cronbach\u27s alpha and composite reliability, which reached values of 0.81 and 0.91, respectively. The validity of the test was confirmed using two methods: construct validity using PLS and t-statistics, and convergent validity using the AVE method. The hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the use of business intelligence improves organizational resilience, and that the flexibility of the IT infrastructure improves organizational resilience, improves customer satisfaction, and enhances competitive advantage. Improving the predictor variable also improves the position of the criterion variable within the organization. Hypotheses one through six were confirmed, but part of the main hypothesis, which indicates the impact of business intelligence use on competitive advantage, was not confirmed.
A Real-Time Gender and Age Prediction System Based on Facial Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks
No full textReal-time gender and age prediction based on facial images has become essential in applications such as surveillance, demographic analytics, and human-computer interaction. However, existing systems often struggle with challenges like inconsistent lighting, occlusions, pose variations, and dataset imbalances, which reduce accuracy and hinder deployment on resource-constrained devices. This research introduces a real-time gender and age prediction system that leverages Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), utilizing fine-tuned ResNet-34 for gender classification and a modified VGG-16 for age estimation. A robust preprocessing pipeline, integrating image normalization, histogram equalization, data augmentation, and synthetic data generation, enhances model generalization across diverse datasets. Efficient face detection techniques, combined with lightweight model architectures, enable the system to achieve inference speeds below 500 milliseconds per frame without GPU acceleration. Experimental evaluations across IMDB-WIKI, UTKFace, MORPH II, and Adience datasets revealed gender classification accuracies exceeding 94% and age prediction one-off accuracies above 90%. The proposed system demonstrates a scalable and efficient solution for real-time facial attribute recognition in dynamic and resource-limited environments
Predictive Modeling for University Major Selection: An AI-Driven Solution Using Arab Graduate Data
No full textChoosing an appropriate university major is crucial for students’ academic and career success. This study presents an AI-driven recommendation system using supervised machine learning, specifically the Random Forest algorithm, to support major selection based on academic performance (GPA, entrance exam scores) and labor market relevance (major-specific employment rates). The system was trained on 1000 student records from the "Arab University Graduate Data Set" and received 97% accuracy, with employment rate and GPAs appearing as the most effective predictions. Unlike previous studies focused on developed countries, this research emphasizes AI ability in the environment with limited resources as Yemeni universities. It provides a scalable solution to coordinate educational alternatives with labor market needs. Future work will integrate personal interests and socio-economic factors to increase privatization
Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation and Management of Cerebral Palsy in Sana\u27a City, Yemen
No full textBackground: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the leading cause of physical disability in children, with prevalence varying widely between high-income and low- and middle-income countries.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, clinical features, investigations, and management strategies of CP among children in Sana’a, Yemen.
Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at two tertiary hospitals in Sana’a for 2 years; from January 2016 to December 2017. A total of 304,000 pediatric records were reviewed, of which 105 complete records of CP patients were analyzed. Data on sociodemographic factors, risk factors, clinical presentation, investigations, and management were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 24.0.Results: The prevalence of CP was 0.03%. The majority of patients were male (66.7%) and under five years of age (61.9%). In more than half of the cases, the etiology was unknown (52.4%), while perinatal asphyxia was the predominant identifiable risk factor (29.5%). Gross motor delay (69.5%) and quadriplegia (59.0%) were the most frequent clinical features. Pediatric and orthopedic referrals were the predominant consultations, and CT scans often revealed mild brain atrophy (31.4%). Antispastic medications were the most frequently used management strategy (58.1%).
Conclusion: CP in Sana’a, Yemen, shows a predominance in males and young children, with perinatal asphyxia as a leading risk factor. Gross motor delay and quadriplegia were the main clinical features. Improving perinatal care and establishing a multidisciplinary management approach may reduce the burden of CP in similar settings
In-Vitro Quality Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Five Diclofenac Sodium Tablet Brands Marketed in Hodeida, Yemen
No full textBackground: In developing countries like Yemen, political instability and economic sanctions have led to compromised pharmaceutical quality control.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the quality control tests of five brands of enteric-coated 50 mg diclofenac sodium (DS) tablet formulations on the Yemeni market.
Methods: Physical parameters such as diameter, thickness, hardness, friability, disintegration time, dissolution profile, and assay were evaluated. Validated UV spectroscopic and RP-HPLC methods assessed accuracy, linearity, and precision and were used to determine the drug content. Each brand was tested according to pharmacopeial standards for solid oral dosage forms. All tested brands (coded DS1–DS5) conformed to pharmacopeial specifications.
Results: Weight variation ranged from 1.01±0.29% to 2.01±0.14%, with hardness between 58.9 ± 2.21 N and 146.1±0.7 N. Potency results from UV and HPLC methods were statistically similar with the paired test. The potency values ranged from 92.68% to 100.51%. Friability assessments showed less than 1% mass loss in all samples, adhering to USP limits. Disintegration times averaged ≤ 20 minutes across brands. In vitro drug release after 2 hours in 0.1 N HCl was minimal drug release (2.55±0.24% to 4.47±0.31%), indicating limited dissolution in gastric conditions, while in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), all formulations released over 90% of the drug within 60 minutes, indicating efficient release of the drug in the more alkaline environment of the intestine.
Conclusion: The evaluated diclofenac sodium tablets marketed in Yemen met pharmacopeial standards and possessed the quality parameters necessary for effective therapeutic use
Hybrid GAN-CNN Model for Brain Tumor Detecting and Classifying Diseases Based on MRI Images.
Get PDFBrain cancer diagnosis using MRI scans is aided by the advancement of artificial intelligence, a promising tool in medical imaging, but further optimisation is needed due to privacy constraints and limited medical imaging data availability.
To address these challenges, this study proposes a hybrid algorithm that integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for data augmentation and improved classification accuracy. To enhance training efficiency, an additional 15 epochs are incorporated into each network and introduced to optimise brain cancer classification. Two deep learning models—CNN and GANs—are trained on synthetic MRI Dataset Kaggle (2022) images generated by GAN architectures and evaluated using real brain MRI scans.
Experimental results demonstrate that CNN outperforms the other models, achieving a loss of 0.2301, accuracy of 98.90%, validation loss of 0.4756, and validation accuracy of 84.56% when trained on brain cancer images generated by GANs with a generator loss of 1.4502, discriminator loss of 0.8163, and fake image accuracy of 83.12%. Real Image Accuracy: 92.34%
These findings confirm that the proposed hybrid algorithm 98.85% accuracy significantly enhances brain cancer classification using deep learning techniques
Evaluation of Hypolipidemic Activity of Otolith Extracted from Catfish in Experimental Animals
Get PDFBackground: Otolith, also referred to as "ear stone", have been traditionally utilized in coastal regions, particularly in the Hodeida governorate, for managing diabetes mellitus. The local population believes that these structures possess numerous health benefit, including a purported ability to magically regulate diabetes and alleviate migraine headache pain. Objective: To investigate the hypolipidemic effects of Otolith as a novel traditional neutral agent obtained from catfish. Method: The 24 male rats were evenly divided into four groups six-rat in each. Control group (Group 1) received 0.9% w/v sodium chloride for 21 days. The remaining three groups received oral otolith at different doses for the same time. Group 2 (low dose) received 5g/day otolith per body weight. Mid-dose group 3 received 10 g/day otolith per body weight. Finally, Group 4, the high-dose group, received 15 g/day otolith per body weight. Lipid profile tests were done at the end of the experiment. Results: The findings indicate that Otolith markedly decreased triglycerides from 125.5 mg/dL (control) to 78.8 mg/dL (15 mg/day), cholesterol from 118.2 mg/dL to 69.67 mg/dL, and LDL from 54 mg/dL to 42.63 mg/dL, while elevating HDL from 28.5 mg/dL to 34 mg/dL at the maximum dosage (15 g/day). The dose-dependent enhancements were statistically significant P<0.05 for all, with the most notable effects observed at 15 g/day, suggesting Otolith\u27s potential as a lipid-lowering agent. Conclusion: Otolith supplementation demonstrated a dose-dependent amelioration of lipid metabolism, marked by substantial decreases in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride concentrations alongside elevated HDL levels. These beneficial effects were most pronounced at the maximum administered dosage (15 g/day), suggesting a potential therapeutic role in dyslipidemia management