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Sexual Minority Vulnerability and Fear of Victimization
No full textAfter emerging as an issue of concern nationally in the last half-century, fear of crime has remained a prominent issue among Americans. Researchers have since begun to explore some of the more complex factors driving fear of crime, both individually and structurally. “Shadow hypotheses” research explores how other, more specific fears may overshadow generalized fear. One area where research is only beginning to address is the fear of crime among sexual minorities. This study aims to examine how fear of crime among sexual minorities is distinguished from fear experienced by heterosexuals. We utilize a series of nested, ordinary least squares regression models to assess the validity of “shadow hypotheses” among sexual minorities and heterosexuals separately. While findings do not lend strong support to the shadow effect of fear for sexual minorities, the research reveals important nuances of fear for both groups. Additionally, it highlights how critical this type of research is to further our understanding of how people experience fear. The research is timely and relevant researchers have recently established that sexual minorities are disproportionately targeted in bullying and hate assaults
Secrecy Rate Analysis for the Cooperative Communications
No full textDue to the character of low cost and easily to implemented, the cooperative communication is the future tendency. Three fundamental mode, Amplify-and-Forward (AF) mode, Decode-and-Forward (DF) mode and Compress and Forward (CF) mode are employed to the system. In the cooperative system, relays function to transmit the delivered signal to the destination. Each node in the system could play as the source station, the relay and the destination station. Currently, the issue of privacy and security are seriously requested in the communication. There could be the eavesdroppers pre-tend as the relay to steal the message. Hence, the secrecy protection becomes important. In the higher layer, the encryption scheme is applied to protect the message. However, it is difficult for those devices with low computing resources, the example of IoT (Internet of Things). With Shannon Theory, a secure communication could be supported with a positive secrecy rate. Hence, secure cooperative communication could be possible if there exist a positive secrecy rate between the two ends in the transmissions. Base on the secrecy rate analysis, the maximum secrecy rate is the initial step toward a secure communication. In the cooperative system, the delivered signal could be transmitted via relays. Hence, the path from the source to the destination could be a huge combination. With the exhaustive method to find the optimal secrecy rate could be realized. Hence, in this work, the numerical experiment, the AF and DF mode cooperative mode is adopted
The Effect of Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana) on Soil Macrofauna (Diplopoda and Oligochaeta)
Get PDFCallery pear (Pyrus calleryana) is a relatively recent invader of North America. Its ecological effects are still being explored, including those affecting soil macrofauna such as millipedes (Diplopoda) and earthworms (Clitellata: Oligochaeta). These animals play important roles in many soil processes so understanding how they respond to invasive species is vital to soil health. A previous study exploring potential herbicide control was completed in 2019, however as of 2022 there are still treatment zones with little to no Callery pear alongside fully invaded plots, providing an optimal habitat mosaic for comparison. This allowed us to pursue two research goals: To determine the medium-term (3–4 years) effects of chemical control and to determine how soil macrofauna biodiversity is affected by the local plant community in the presence of invasive Callery pear. Soil fauna were sampled using four methods for thorough investigation. 1) Leaf litter was processed in Berlese funnels to draw out small millipedes. 2) Large millipedes were collected on sight by hand. 3) Earthworms were collected by digging soil monoliths and sorting through the soil by hand. 4) Additional earthworm collections were done via the octet method, using an electroshock machine to drive fauna out of the ground. Surveying the pla nt communities and collecting soil for texture, pH, and C:N ratios also helped achieve the goals of this study. We found that Shannon plant diversity indices were lower in the Callery pear plots but statistically similar between the herbicide and reference plots, suggesting the effectiveness of chemical control. Additionally, millipede diversity (Shannon index) was positively correlated with basal area of live Callery pear but was not statistically different between treatments. Nonnative earthworm abundance had no correlation with Callery pear. These findings will help land managers make informed decisions when creating management plans for invasive pear
Karen Jackson
Get PDFKaren Jackson\u27s husband, John Page Jackson, worked at Central State Hospital in Milledgeville, Georgia from 1988-2014 as the recreation coordinator. This interview details his experiences in that position and discusses Mrs. Jackson\u27s work as a Baldwin County magistrate.
The Link to Full Text button above takes you to the video of Ms. Jackson\u27s interview.https://kb.gcsu.edu/rememberingcsh/1010/thumbnail.jp
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation in broiler litter and its effect on soil pH
No full textUreolytic microbes are abundant in broiler litter (BL), and previous research indicates that microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation via urea hydrolysis occurs in gypsum-amended litters. Given that calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is used to correct soil acidity, we hypothesized that the soil-liming potential of BL + gypsum is greater than that of unamended litter. First, an experiment was conducted to isolate ureolytic bacteria from BL and confirm their ability to precipitate CaCO3. To determine the effects of calcium on urea hydrolysis, six isolates were identified from screenings of 30 colonies collected from different BL sources. Calcium increased the ureolytic rate by 29%–160% and the precipitation of CaCO3 by ~1500% in solution. The 16S rRNA of the isolate with the greatest rate of urea hydrolysis was sequenced and belong to Lysinibacillus macroides. Broiler litter amended with gypsum was inoculated with L. macroides and found to precipitate significantly more CaCO3 than inoculated litter without gypsum. Finally, over the course of a 28-day incubation, the pH and inorganic-N of soil, soil + BL, and soil + BL + gypsum were measured. Surprisingly, soil + BL + gypsum was found to have a significantly lower pH than soil + BL for the first 21 days. We propose that the decreased liming ability of BL + gypsum is due to a combination of pH buffering mechanisms and increased nitrification. Although gypsum is a useful litter amendment, it cannot be used to increase the liming ability of litter, despite the fact that gypsum-amended litter has more CaCO3
Opioid Prescribing Trends After Major Pediatric Ear Surgery: A 12-Year Analysis
No full textObjective: Postoperative opioid prescriptions tend to exceed children\u27s analgesic needs, but awareness of the opioid epidemic may have driven changes in prescribing behaviors. This study evaluated opioid prescribing patterns after major pediatric ear surgery. Methods: This study reviewed all cases of tympanoplasty, tympanomastoidectomy, mastoidectomy, cochlear implantation, otoplasty, and aural atresia repair at a pediatric hospital during 2010–2021. Regressions were conducted to identify opioid prescribing trends over time. Potential covariates were assessed. Returns to the system were reviewed as a balancing measure. Results: Even without a targeted protocol, opioid prescribing declined significantly. After prescribing peaked in 2012–2013, significant negative trends yielded lower rates of opioid prescriptions, fewer doses per prescription, smaller patient-weight-standardized dose sizes, and less variability (all p \u3c 0.001). In 2012, 96.1% of patients received opioid prescriptions; the rate fell to 13.5% by 2021. For patients ages, 0–6, the annual rate of opioid prescriptions dropped from a maximum of 96.3% in 2012 to 0.0% in 2021. The annual average supply of doses per prescription decreased by 68% between 2013 and 2021, reducing the total days\u27 supply to an evidence-based 3.1 ± 1.6 days. Regressions did not detect changes in returns to the system. Pain-related returns were rare (0.9%) and did not vary by opioid prescriptions (p = 0.37). Prescribing trends were closely correlated with a tonsillectomy-focused protocol that our institution implemented in 2019. Conclusion: Surgeon-driven opioid stewardship has improved with no resultant change in revisit rates. Procedure-specific quality improvement interventions may have broader off-target effects on prescribing behaviors. Level of Evidence: IV Laryngoscope, 133:1987–1992, 2023
Across Time and Genre: A Comparative Analysis of Eastern and Western Romanticism
Get PDFThis research centers on big ideas about flowers, fruit, and growing up as themes that create a bridge between American, British, and South Korean Romanticism. Through comparatively analyzing Romantic elements in literary works across genres, the globe, and time periods—from poems, a short story, to popular contemporary music—this research will trace out the dimensions and contours of that bridge, which more and more people are crossing today than ever before as readers, music fans, and as travelers and immigrants. Each chapter will focus on Romantic elements interwoven with humanity, nature, and art and their demonstration of what it means to grow up and live, providing global interpretations
TOWARD ACCELEROMETER RECORDING OF PIT VIPER FORAGING BEHAVIOR IN NATURE: VALIDATION AND CASE STUDY WITH TIMBER RATTLESNAKES (CROTALUS HORRIDUS)
Get PDFAccelerometer dataloggers are becoming increasingly common in field studies of animal behavior. Among the most difficult study subjects, and consequently, the most ideal candidates for accelerometer applications, are those for which simultaneous observation of key fitness-determining behaviors, such as foraging, across a sample of individuals in the wild is traditionally impossible or restricted to the use of proxy measures. This is the case for many solitary vertebrate predators, such as all pit vipers (Viperidae; Crotalinae). Large-bodied pit vipers are ambush (sit-and-wait) specialists that represent uniquely challenging and intriguing study subjects in predator ecology. Unlike many comparable avian or mammalian terrestrial predators, pit vipers are not as amenable to the external attachment of accelerometers (given their elongate and limbless morphology, and periodic ecdysis). However, pit vipers also present some logistical advantages over other vertebrate predators; as ectothermic, low-energy specialists, they often occur at much higher densities than other apex predators and are therefore logistically appealing for the longitudinal monitoring of large samples of individuals within relatively small areas. Additionally, the most prominent predatory behaviors associated with the foraging cycle of pit vipers (locomotion [active search], stillness [sit-and-wait], striking, and swallowing) are all temporally and biomechanically distinct, lending conceptual feasibility to the use of accelerometers for accurate segmentation of these behaviors. Two recently validated frameworks for accelerometer monitoring of movement and foraging behavior in rattlesnakes (Crotalus spp.) have set the stage for translating an integration of these methods in the field. Chapter one summarizes the transformative use of biologging devices, and accelerometers, specifically, for studying the foraging behavior of predators, while emphasizing the conceptual and logistical feasibility of pit vipers in this context. Chapter two reports on a case study that applies the above-mentioned frameworks for accelerometer recording of movement and foraging behavior in wild-ranging Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) from the lower Piedmont of Georgia, USA