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CHANGES IN MORPHOLOGY, PHENOLOGY, DEMOGRAPHY OF SEVERAL AVIAN SPECIES OVER 18 YEARS AT A RESTORED GRASSLAND
Get PDFIn response to a changing climate and habitat loss, avian species are displaying changes in body size, migration phenology, and demography. Species have often adhered to Allen’s and Bergmann’s rules, displaying increased wing length and decreased body mass, respectively, over time in response to higher temperatures. Additionally, climate change has resulted in earlier spring migration and depending on species, either earlier or later fall migration. Finally, species affected by habitat loss often display male-skewed sex ratios and juvenile skewed age ratios. Our goal was to determine how 1) body size, 2) migration phenology, and 3) demography have changed for grassland birds at a restored grassland located in Panola Mountain State Park (PANO) in Stockbridge, Georgia, USA over 17 years. We expected the avian species at PANO to display 1) increases in wing length and decreases in wing length over time, concordant with Allen and Bergmann’s rules, respectively, 2) advanced spring migration and species-specific changes in fall 23 migration phenology, and 3) non-skewed and unchanged sex and age ratios. We used data from birds captured in mist-nets between 2007 and 2024 at PANO’s year-round banding station to fit generalized linear models for body size and migration phenology, as well as linear regressions for age and sex ratios. Contrary to Allen and Bergmann’s rules, three species displayed shorter wings and two showed greater fat-free body mass over time, likely in response to changes in climate variability, rather than increasing mean temperatures, or it is unrelated to climate change. Unexpectedly, one species exhibited later spring migration, possibly due to longer migration distances or increased severe weather events during migration, and two species exhibited later fall migration, consistent with other literature. One species displayed a male-skewed sex ratio, possibly a result of increased predation at PANO or an indication of a declining capture rate for that species. One species showed a juvenile-skewed age ratio, likely due to increased fecundity resulting from improved habitat, or mist netting resulted in a biased sample. The unexpected morphological and phenological changes we observed emphasize the complexities of avian responses to climate change. We suggest the many species that did not display changes in morphology, phenology, or demography are the result of successful habitat restoration of the site mitigating the effects of climate change
Whole Genome Sequencing for the Millipede Cherokia georgiana
Get PDFOut of thousands of known millipede species, only five sequenced genomes of species (in four of sixteen orders) are publicly available. No whole genomes and limited genetic information are available for incredibly diverse families such as Xystodesmidae. Our research goal is to sequence the whole genome of the millipede Cherokia georgiana. A de novo sequence of the complete genome of a North American species will facilitate future research in understanding gene expression under a variety of conditions. Many interesting biological processes in millipedes are poorly described, such as the production of a defensive hydrogen cyanide secretion found in the Polydesmida. While genes in this cyanogenic pathway have been identified, its regulation under stressed conditions is unclear. This may also aid in understanding this species’ phylogenetic relationship to other North American species. Here, we present our research strategy for de novo sequencing using the next-generation sequencing platform Oxford Nanopore MinION. For this, DNA extraction kits were used to extract high-molecular weight (HMW) DNA to be used in sequencing. NGS library quality was evaluated using the Agilent TapeStation 4200 automated electrophoresis system. Long read sequencing data was collected using multiple flow cells to enhance read-depth and accuracy. Mitochondrial genome assembly was conducted using preliminary sequencing data and the mitogenomes of related species. Further genome assembly will utilize open-source assembly tools such as Shasta, Canu, and Flye. In future experiments, we will extract total RNA using the reagent TRIzol and conduct RNA-seq analysis to identify actively transcribed genes
Mirroring Vaudeville
No full textIn the early 1900s, Vaudeville was well-known for eccentric talents, slapstick comedy, and elaborate tap dances. With the rise of television, Vaudevillian entertainment was adapted for the screen. In my presentation, “Mirroring Vaudeville,” I explore the styles and techniques of early film tappers who were and/or took great influence from Vaudevillian styles. Though there are a plethora of incredible tappers from the 1930s on, I focused my research on two major icons of the time. My research contrasts the work of Bill “Bojangles” Robinson and The Nicholas Brothers with my knowledge of modern tap. Differences in stance, posture, foot technique, audience appeal, image, and tricks create stark differences within the same dance form. The influence of Vaudevillian tappers can today be seen stylistically in musical theatre tap. Studying the works of these two artists has increased my appreciation for the mainstream origins of the tap. From its origins to the modern day, tap has boldly unified diverse groups of individuals through dance
Detection of Nitroaromatic Compounds using Porphyrin-Doped Silica Sol-Gels
No full textThe development of a reproducible and reusable method for the detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and other nitroaromatic explosive precursors in aqueous and vapor phase systems is of great significance in forensic science. Porphyrins immobilized within silica sol-gels were synthesized and used to study the binding of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) to the porphyrin. Silica sol-gels were doped with free-base meso-tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin, H2TCPP, during the polycondensation process. The interaction of the porphyrin with nitroaromatics, the porphyrin functionality, and the structural integrity of the doped sol-gel were examined using thermogravimetric analysis, fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The porphyrin retained its structure when exposed to the DNP and TNP and clear fluorescent quenching was seen. This indicated the silica sol gel works as a sensor for DNP and TNP. Future work includes the study of different nitro-aromatics and their interactions with the silica sol-gels, the reusability of the silica sol-gels, and determining if there is any difference in the fluorescent quenching based on which nitroaromatic the sol-gel is exposed to
Part of the Grand Machinery : General William T. Sherman\u27s Influence on Reconstruction Policy in the American South
No full textThis senior thesis is an investigation of the impact of Union General William T. Sherman’s actions during the Civil War, specifically those within his March to the Sea, had on Reconstruction, done through an analysis of primary references to Sherman in postwar works by politicians, freedmen, women, and others involved in three areas of Reconstruction efforts. The three areas are: harshness of treatment, race relations, and military presence. Sherman’s harsh treatment of the Confederate states as a result of his policies of hard war during his March to the Sea can be paralleled with the Radical Republicans’ policies for Reconstruction and their belief that such treatment was the only way to subdue that states and bring them back into the union. In this way, Sherman used force in war to defeat the Confederacy, and the Radical Republicans used force in peace to metaphorically do the same. In terms of race relations, Sherman treated freedmen as an issue to be dealt with, just as the federal government did in the Reconstruction era. Sherman’s military presence and takeover of Georgia during his March to the Sea played a role in influencing the federal government to implement statewide military regimes into each of the former Confederate states as a means of keeping them in check and “helping them” along in the Reconstruction process. Thus, Sherman was a semi- prototype for federal policies in the Reconstruction South and a precursor for the fates of those who lived in the states: the expansion of Northern influence on the South and hollow attempts at equality and reformation
The Psychological Effects of Bilingualism
No full textThe psychological effect of bilingualism is an ongoing study introducing information on all levels regarding the social, cognitive and emotional impact that it has on an individual who speaks two or more languages. This presentation will explore how the brain processes information, how the knowledge of two or more languages can improve metalinguistic awareness, memory and problem-solving skills all known as the “bilingual advantages”. The research also explores the neuroprotective benefits that engaging with multiple languages has. On the social front, bilingualism promotes cultural awareness, empathy, and an extraordinary capacity for perspective- taking. Bilingual individuals absorb diverse cultural and linguistic tactics to develop a flexible mindset which allows them to thrive in multicultural environments. In conclusion, bilingualism unfolds many rich layers of the mind that it affects throughout a person\u27s life. This presentation reveals the social and cognitive advantages that all contribute to a holistic view of the psychological benefits that a bilingual individual can contribute to any environment they\u27re in
An Examination of College-based Eating Disorder Prevention Programs: A Systematic Review
No full textBackground: The transition from high school to college presents a variety of challenges which contributes to the highest incidence of mental illness compared to other life cycle transitions. Eating disorders (EDs) and unhealthy weight control behaviors are common during this transition. Data indicates positive screenings for ED symptoms in 11% - 17% of females. Additionally, 20% - 67% of college students experience subthreshold ED symptoms. Programmatic approaches have attempted to address these behaviors and have displayed varying levels of success. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review the current literature on college-based eating disorder prevention programs to assess their feasibility, effectiveness, and methodologies. Methods: Through the utilization of Galileo and Google Scholar databases, a systematic literature review was conducted. Keywords included ED prevention program, college or universities, body image, appearance ideals, weight control behaviors, and eating disorders. Results: Studies identify multiple programmatic approaches that have shown success in various settings. The Body Project (TBP), a program endorsed by the National Eating Disorder Association, provides a comprehensive peer-led educational framework that serves to combat ED risk factors such as body dissatisfaction and low self-esteem. Discussion: Implementation of TBP can be used to promote ED prevention among college-aged women. Through the utilization of peer-led education, participants can confront unrealistic appearance ideals and body image concerns in an inclusive, welcoming setting. Furthermore, this framework allows for continuous implementation of the program which provides avenues for growth and achieving desired long-term health outcomes
Revisiting the Synthesis of Cis Platin
No full textOne of the most common drugs available for cancer treatment is cis-platin. This drug is utilized in chemotherapy treatments, yet it is expensive to make. Our goal for this experiment is to repeat one of the literature procedures that synthesizes cis-platin in aqueous media, and then repeat the synthesis under hydrothermal conditions using the Monowave 50. The Monowave 50 is a synthesis reactor apparatus that can elevate solvents above their normal boiling points, potentially increasing yields and lowering the time of reaction. Several reactions were conducted to synthesize the precursor to cis-platin from potassium tetrachloroplatinate salt (K2[PtCl4], KI, ammonium hydroxide, and silver nitrate. The reactions yielded yellow to brown powders which were characterized via spectroscopic methods such as NMR, and IR. Further, melting points were taken of the solids. These precursors are utilized in the total synthesis of cis-platin. The goal is to develop a “one-pot” reaction that provides better yields of cis-platin. Preliminary results of the use of the cis-platin precursor to prepare cis-platin, and the reactions using Monowave 50 are also presented
A Qualitative Assessment of Personal and Professional Growth in Peer Educators Participating in The Body Project
No full textBackground: Research suggests that peer education is an effective pedagogical approach that can be used in a variety of educational contexts. Peer-led health interventions display evidence for effectiveness, suggesting that peer education can be a promising strategy for health improvement. An underappreciated aspect of peer education are the positive impacts associated with personal and professional growth of the educators themselves. Serving as a peer educator can contribute to the development of leadership, communication, and teaching skills. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the development of peer educators leading Georgia College and State University’s implementation of The Body Project. Methods: This study will utilize a one group post-test design that involved administering a questionnaire to all peer educators. Evaluated components include professional development, communication skills, and teaching skills. Qualitative methods were used to identify themes and factors that capture the experiences of peer educators. Results: Researchers hypothesize that peer educators will express growth in all identified areas. Results will also be used to identify various strengths and limitations of the current program implementation. Identified themes will be taken into consideration and addressed for future iterations of the program. Discussion: Research is on-going
Examining the Parvorder Amphilochidira with Emphasis on Leucothoidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of Bocas del Toro, Panama
No full textAmphipod crustaceans are ecologically important in marine habitats worldwide, yet their diversity is poorly documented. They are an important food source and play valuable roles in nutrient cycling. Amphipods belonging to parvorder Amphilochidira comprise greater than 1135 species in 24 families worldwide. Some live amongst groups of algae or in proximity to sessile invertebrate hosts. Amphipods of the family Leucothoidae are known to be endocommensals in sponges, which help to provide nutrition, protection, and reproductive spaces. Many act as deposit or suspension feeders or even predators, playing an important role in various food webs of their ecosystems. They often play an essential role in the diets of different fish, and many amphipods act as intermediate hosts for parasites they may later target a definitive host that is a species of economic importance. Prior to this study, 11 species were documented from Bocas del Toro, Panama; yet collections from 2005, 2021, and 2023 revealed 20 species in the parvorder. The diversity of Amphilochidira is discussed and the host associations of amphipods in the family Leucothoidae are described