Canadian Woman Studies / les cahiers de la femme (E-Journal, York University)

Van Der Meer, Carolyne

Motherlode

Weston, Joanna M.

48 CANADIAN WOMAN STUDIES/LES CAHIERS DE LA FEMME
wsi Diskussionspapier 148, Hans Böckler Foundation, 
Düsseldorf, 2006. Web. 
Tool, Marc R. 1 “An Institutionalist Mode of Inquiry.”The 
Role of Economic Theory. Ed. P. A. Klein.  Dordricht, 
Kluwer, 1994. 197-227.
Veblen, Thorstein. The Theory of the Leisure Class.New 
York: The Modern Library, 1934 [1899].
Vielle, Pascale. Flexicurité : Redéfinir la sécurité des citoyens 
européens. Observatoire social européen, Policy Paper, 
1, 2007. Web. 
Vielle, Pascale. « Le renforcement des assurances sociales », 
dans Morel S. et al. (dir.), Actes de l’atelier : La sécurité 
économique des femmes : les critiques féministes du discours 
économique dominant et les nouvelles avenues de politiques 
sociales, tenu à Québec les 3-4 octobre 2002, Montréal, 
iref-Relais-Femmes, 2003. 22-27. Print.
Waller, William and Ann. L. Jennings. “On the Possibility of 
a Feminist Economics: The Convergence of Institutional 
and Feminist Methodology.” Journal of Economic Issues 
24 (2) (1990): 613-622. Print.
Whalen, Charles and Linda Whalen.“Institutionalism: 
A Useful Foundation for Feminist Economics?” The 
Economic Status of Women Under Capitalism: Institutional 
Economics and Feminist Theory. Ed. D. Brown Peterson. 
Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1994. 19-34. Print.
Wilthagen, Ton and Frank Tros. “The Concept of 
“Flexicurity”: A New Approach to Regulating Em-
ployment and Labour Markets.” Transfer 10 (2) (2004): 
166-186. Print.
In a village by the River Maros,
Carpathian Mountains – 1890
György Kovacs, a landless farmer,
Married Victoria Varadi, aged seventeen.
The daughter of a peasant,
my great-grandmother.
The bride brought her dowry chest:
Cross-stich tablecloth and linens,
folk motifs of birds, hearts, and tulips.
Carrying the bride’s bed:
Goose feather duvet, pillows.
György’s wedding shirt Victoria sewed.
Blue-painted table and chairs, a bench.
Oak cupboard, a present to his wife.
He brought a wagon, horses, a flock of sheep.
All the farm work done by hand,
harvesting wheat, rye, potatoes, cabbage, 
beetroot –
Flax and hemp woven on looms of the weaver.
Spinning sheep’s wool into skeins for knitting.
Lime washed mud-brick cottage.
Victoria wearing a wedding párta headdress,
green-ivory ribbons and gold and silver glass 
beads.
Calla lily and white roses bridal bouquet.
Fiddle music, zither, and cimbalom.
Lime washed mud-brick cottage – 
Blue-painted table and chairs, a bench.
In the life of a peasant,
what tortured his heart,
hiding in reed marsh and field?
Eight years of marriage.
Three sons and one daughter.
György Kovacs deserting wife Victoria.
He went back to his first love –
Folk motifs of birds, hearts, and tulips.
Ilona Martonfi’s poetry appears earlier in this volume.
ILONA MARTONFI
The Wedding (Esküvö)
JOANNA M. WESTON
Beach Fire
we burn huge logs
charm perils outward
keep dragons back
with hawthorn
and sweet grass
this hour’s dancers
tall grey-bending
around standing stones
cast shadows long on sand
let me gain traction
for courage to dart
out into night
with fire’s flare
Joanna M. Weston’s middle-reader, Those Blue 
Shoes, was published by Clarity House Press. Fronte-
nac House of Calgary published her poetry collection, 
A Summer Father. Her e-book, The Willow Tree, 
can be found at www.1960willowtree.wordpress.com.


English

Beach Fire

Keeney, Patricia

Women’s Lives in Biblical Times

de Bosset, Farideh

Ants

Mintz, Judith

CANADIAN WOMAN STUDIES/LES CAHIERS DE LA FEMME196
sent brochures with photographs 
of happy kids with the captions 
reading ‘Children are our future’, 
she is immediately shocked when 
instead she encounters “a tent full 
of angry—and adult—prostitutes” 
stating that “if this was the reality of 
Africa, it was also the reality of ngo 
work.” Phillipsgives a biting critique 
of Plan’s development work, exposing 
the glaring inconsistency between 
what they claim to be doing in their 
programs and the reality of Plan’s 
organizational bureaucracy which has 
yet to benefit most children within 
the region. When her frustration 
boils over, she ends up telling one 
Plan employee, “you can pay for an 
author to come over from London to 
write a piece for an anthology which 
will make people think that if they 
donate it will go to the people… 
only it’s not going to go to them 
because of the culture of bullshit.” 
Overall, the collection does address 
the subject of child abuse, domestic 
violence, trafficking of women and 
children, as well as a host of other 
issues related to globalization. The 
extent to which each contributor 
captures the true stories behind the 
young girl’s plight depends greatly 
however, on the varying degrees of 
competence by their authors.
Ifrah Abdillahi is enrolled in the 
Women’s Studies graduate program 
at York University, and specializes in 
refugees and migration. She is currently 
researching famine and politics through 
a feminist lens, and has additional 
research interest in translational fem-
inisms, international relations, and 
political geography. In committing her 
career to advocating for social justice, 
she hopes to contribute change through 
research as a form of resistance.
Feminist scholars have been ex-
ploring medical history for over 20 
years. Notable monographs include 
Cheryl Krasnick Warsh’s Prescribed 
Norms: Women and Health in Cana-
da and the United States Since 1800 
(2010), and Wendy Mitchinson’s 
two feminist history books on the 
medicalization and social control 
of women’s bodies (1991; 2002). 
While much of English-speaking 
women’s medical history has focused 
on social constructionist analyses of 
reproduction and the medicalization 
of women’s bodies as a response to bi-
ological determinist arguments about 
women and their experiences, there 
has been a lack of cohesive historical 
writing about gender and health and 
how these are represented through 
popular culture. Krasnick Warsh’s 
collection of 12 essays fills this void, 
and accurately reflects the current 
academic shift in several university 
departmental names from “women’s 
studies” to “gender, feminist, and 
women’s studies” by including writ-
ing that examines masculinities, as 
well as sexuality. 
The chapters in Gender, Health, 
and Popular Culture are uniformly 
rigorously researched according to 
history disciplinary practice. The 
wide range of sources for analysis 
are not only interesting but also 
cover a century of historical doc-
uments that reflect the varieties of 
women’s (and men’s) experiences, 
as well as their representations of 
health through accessible media 
ranging from advice manuals to 
performance. Many of the chapters 
in Gender, Health, and Popular Cul-
ture include footnotes that readers 
will find helpful. Krasnick Warsh’s 
robust bibliography, which includes 
both primary and secondary sources 
that integrate all of the contribut-
ing authors’ reference materials, is 
impressive. Mid- and upper-level 
history, women and gender stud-
ies, and health policy students and 
academics will find Gender, Health, 
and Popular Culture a useful resource 
that frequently uses Foucauldian 
analyses of women and men’s bod-
ies as both morally and physically 
regulated by the state and so-called 
medical authorities. 
Krasnick Warsh has skillfully cu-
rated the chapters in Gender, Health, 
and Popular Culture as a conversation 
between contributors. This cross-ref-
erencing of each other’s work makes 
the collection cohesive, and essays can 
be read together or separately. What 
emerges is a feminist argument that 
points out the dialectical nature of 
popular culture’s messages to wom-
en and girls. The first two chapters 
examine Australian and American 
discourses around pregnancy and 
childbirth in the nineteenth and 
early-twentieth centuries. Feath-
erstone illustrates Australian state 
attempts to govern white women’s 
pregnancies and childbirth, while 
Forman Cody examines American 
prenatal nutrition advice given to 
women between 1850 and 1950. 
The difference between national 
identity contexts is less important 
than the point of understanding the 
gendered imagining of woman as 
biological, cultural, and symbolic 
reproducers of the nation (Yuval 
Davis and Stoetzler 2002). Many 
other feminist historians have drawn 
links between gender and national 
identity production, pointing out 
the biological essentialist notions of 
women’s bodies as mothers of the 
nation, as well as maker and keeper of 
home spaces from which the nation’s 
warriors may emerge (Arnup 1994; 
Comacchio 1993). The notion of 
women as producers of social citizens 
underpins the first half of Gender, 
Health, and Popular Culture.
GENDER, HEALTH, 
AND POPULAR 
CULTURE: HISTORICAL 
PERSPECTIVES
Cheryl Krasnick Warsh, Ed. 
Waterloo, on: Wilfrid Laurier Press, 
2011
reviewed by judith 
mintz
VOLUME 29,  NUMBER 3 197
The progressive theme of the life 
course from childbirth, adolescence, 
and womanhood follows a trajectory 
through the text. Vostral’s chapter 
examines American educational films 
targeted at teenaged girls between 
1946 and 1982, demonstrating the 
many contradicting and hegemonic 
messages that their bodies are natu-
ral but must be controlled. Young 
women were expected to uphold the 
national ideal of the rugged individu-
alist by behaving in normative ways. 
Subsequent chapters provide further 
examples that draw out how women 
were expected to manage their bodies 
and behaviour accordingly through 
control of fertility, sexuality, and the 
risk of cancer.
The second half of Gender, Health, 
and Popular Culture examines repre-
sentations of the ideal body. These 
bodies are rendered subversive by 
their refusal to fit into the prescribed 
norm in both illness and health. 
Through a variety of historical 
methods, contributors to this section 
comment on bodies that directly 
challenge dominant ideals of gender, 
sexuality, celebrity, and lifestyle. The 
only missing element here is a discus-
sion on the intersection of racial ideals 
and health; none of the chapters in 
this collection overtly theorize race. 
References to race are indirect, and 
point out only that popular culture 
in the nineteenth and twentieth 
centuries represented the ideal body 
as white. Regardless of this neverthe-
less important omission, Krasnick 
Warsh’s collection is an important 
contribution to the conversations on 
health discourse and gender. 
Judith Mintz is a full-time Ph.D. 
student at York University’s Centre 
for Gender, Feminist, and Women’s 
Studies. Her interdisciplinary research 
explores discourses of women’s health 
and creative aging. Judith is also 
an experienced yoga teacher, shiatsu 
therapist, and mother of two young 
daughters.
Stress, burnout, isolation, sleep 
deprivation, exhaustion, feeling over-
worked, stretched thin, emotionally 
drained, and yet “not drowning but 
waving”—this affective tangle is the 
entry point for this volume. Re-
flecting on Stevie Smith’s well-loved 
poem, “Not Waving but Drowning,” 
and stemming from a conference on 
women in the liberal arts that took 
place at the University of Alberta in 
2006, this half-comforting, half-dis-
comforting volume, considers the 
interconnections of the personal and 
political aspects of life in the academy 
for women and feminists. Speaking to 
the difficulties of surviving academe 
as a feminist, this collection is also 
invested with hope, the spirit of 
collaborative scholarship, and with 
the conviction that “feminism is not 
dead yet.”
Not Drowning But Waving is 
structured into four sections: the 
first includes genealogies of women’s 
experiences in the liberal arts and 
the university, often drawing on the 
“personal archive[s]” of the contribu-
tors; the second consists of a creative 
piece by Aritha van Herk; the third 
turns more explicitly to questions 
of feminist history as well as to the 
wave metaphor and generational met-
aphor; and the final section considers 
feminist activism. Together, these 
sections form a diverse collaborative 
effort of the meanings, contexts, and 
pasts of academic feminism in Can-
ada. Acknowledging the immense 
efforts and successes of feminism, 
as well as the continuing need for 
feminist intervention, action, and 
coalition in the university, the pieces 
are permeated with an urgency for 
social and structural change. 
In many ways, the collection can be 
considered alongside recent critiques 
of the corporate university, such as 
for instance, Marc Bousquet’s How 
The University Works (2008), with 
the significant addendum that it is 
women—“that problematic, vari-
ably representative, contested, and 
vulnerable category that plagues 
and yet underwrites the project of 
feminism”—who are pervasively and 
systematically discriminated in the 
Canadian university system. This dis-
crimination of women materializes 
itself, as the authors discuss, through 
women’s lower earnings, inequitable 
hiring and promotional practices, 
and severe underrepresentation in 
the senior professoriate and Canada 
Research Chairs Program. Crucially, 
contributors also offer personalized 
accounts of how this discrimination 
has affected their lives and how they 
have navigated and agitated against 
structural inequalities.
This impassioned collection 
provides inimitable insight into the 
histories and struggles of feminism 
at Canadian universities. Providing 
a dynamic mix of writing styles, the 
authors speak of the past with an eye 
to the present, of the personal with 
insight into the politico-structural, 
and of the university-based with a 
concern for the broader neo-liberal 
context. But for a collection that 
identifies as one of its main goals 
a diversity of perspectives, “a jux-
tapos[ing] [of ] uneven styles and 
voices,” I am struck by the almost 
total absence of perspectives “from 
below,” from the pits of the academic 
pyramid. While the insights on the 
experiences of high-ranking feminist 
academics is indisputably integral to 
an analysis of women in the liberal 
arts, the collection would have been 
strengthened had it included the per-
spectives of those who are ‘drowning’ 
or perhaps ‘being drowned.’ In this 
sense, Not Drowning But Waving, 
while a timely and meaningful vol-
ume, speaks to and for a too narrow 
audience—feminists who have made 
NOT DROWNING BUT 
WAVING: WOMEN, 
FEMINISM, AND THE 
LIBERAL ARTS
Susan Brown, Jeanne Perreault, Jo-
Ann Wallace, and Heather Zwicker, 
Eds.
Edmonton: University of Alberta 
Press, 2011
reviewed by ela przybylo


Gender, Health, and Popular Culture: Historical Perspectives

Lundberg, Norma

The Risks of Remembrance

Jabouin, Philippa

A Rain of Words: A Bilingual Anthology of Women’s Poetry in Francophone Africa

Guberman, Nancy

Lavoie, Jean-Pierre

Politiques sociales, personnes âgées, et proches aidant-e-s au Québec: Sexisme et exclusion

Heller, Deborah

VOLUME 29,  NUMBER 3 199
THE OTHER DICKENS: 
A LIFE OF CATHERINE 
HOGARTH 
Lillian Nayder
Ithaca, ny: Cornell University Press, 
2011
reviewed by deborah 
heller
No retelling of the story of Dickens’s 
treatment of his wife in 1858 can 
blunt its sheer awfulness, even for 
those familiar with earlier accounts. 
The novelist who had so movingly 
championed the disempowered and 
vulnerable in his great imaginative 
fictions demonstrated an appalling 
blindness to his own behaviour when, 
after more than 22 years of marriage 
and ten children, he effectively forced 
his wife out of their house, justifying 
himself to his public by suggesting 
in print that she was mentally un-
balanced and had always been an 
incompetent mother. Eager to seize 
the happiness that appeared to offer 
itself in summer 1857, when he 
met and fell in love with the young 
actress Nelly Ternan, as well as to 
exonerate himself from guilt—in his 
own and his public’s eyes—Dickens 
recreated the story of his marriage, 
casting himself as the hapless victim 
of a grossly deficient wife. 
This frequently recounted story, 
however, is not the principal one 
Lillian Nayder proposes to tell in The 
Other Dickens: A Life of Catherine 
Hogarth. Her professed aim, instead, 
is to “[dislodge] Dickens from the 
centre of Catherine’s story.” And yet 
as the double title suggests, it is, after 
all, because Catherine was married to 
the great genius of the English novel 
and he behaved in such an appalling 
manner when he wished to free him-
self from her that her life is of such 
interest to biographer and reader. 
Nayder admirably reconstructs a far 
fuller life for Catherine than can be 
found in any biography of her hus-
band. Additionally, she contextualizes 
that life through her rich exploration 
of the social and legal position of 
women in the Victorian era, often 
illuminating Catherine’s experience 
through women contemporaries 
whose lives touched hers. Still, since 
one of Nayder’s important objectives 
is to vindicate her subject from the 
false image of her that Dickens pre-
sented to the public, too readily ac-
cepted by many Dickens scholars, the 
story of the Dickenses’ marriage and 
separation necessarily looms large. 
Examining banking records and 
letters by both Catherine and Charles, 
Nayder refutes the novelist’s claims of 
his wife’s “lassitude,” incompetence as 
a household manager, estrangement 
from their children, and displacement 
by her sister Georgina. Banking 
records reveal that up until 1857 
Catherine received, “usually more 
frequently, the larger sums necessary 
to run the household, whereas Geor-
gina …received an allowance roughly 
equivalent to the wages paid to a gov-
erness, housekeeper, or head nurse.” 
Moreover, Catherine’s “own accounts 
of daily life in the mid-1850s” show 
her as “busy and energetic, not 
leisurely or lethargic.” To Dickens’s 
“hurtful and unjust” charge that she 
was an incompetent mother, unloved 
by her children, Nayder reminds us 
that children by law belonged to their 
father and could not live with their 
mother even if they so desired. Only 
the oldest son, Charlie, 21 at the time 
of separation, could choose to go with 
her, though another son expressed 
the wish to do so. Dickens claimed 
the children could see their mother 
whenever they wished, but in practice, 
as his daughter Kate later related, he 
made it clear he disliked their visits. 
Catherine remained close to Charlie 
and, later, his wife and children, and 
after Kate’s marriage (within a year of 
the separation) and Dickens’s death a 
dozen years later, she was able to spend 
more time with her other children 
and grandchildren as well. 
Catherine had had no say in the 
arrangements Dickens made before 
their separation to send their sons 
abroad (initially temporarily), four of 
them when they were eight or nine 
years old. Subsequently, Dickens was 
described by someone he consulted 
as “only too anxious to send his sons 
away to the ends of the earth.” When 
Walter died in India, one of several 
colonial outposts to which Dickens 
dispatched his sons, Dickens refused a 
friend’s entreaty to send condolences 
to Catherine: “A page in my life which 
once had writing on it, has become 
absolutely blank …it is not in my 
power to pretend that it has a solitary 
word upon it.” 
Nayder’s most striking new infor-
mation concerns Catherine’s life after 
the separation. Even sympathetic 
women scholars have dismissed her 
last 21 years as “an empty life” (Claire 
Tomalin) and “a living death” (Phyllis 
Rose). By contrast, Nayder describes 
these years as “much busier and 
happier than critics acknowledge.” 
Catherine kept old friends, made 
new ones, led an active social life, and 
“remained a steady concert-and-the-
atergoer and an avid reader.” The 
novelist Annie Thomas asked her to 
be godmother to her child. Harriet 
Martineau wrote that Catherine had 
“revived” since 1858 and appeared “to 
more to advantage than perhaps ever 
before …cheered by the affection of 
her son-in-law …who had brought 
her daughter [Kate] back to her.” 
Along with renewed enjoyment of 
her children and grandchildren, Cath-
erine developed a close bond with 
her younger sister, Helen Hogarth, 
a singer and voice instructor whose 
career she helped manage. She “spent 
much of her time in the 1860s and 
1870s with her sister, her neighbors, 
and the members of their musical 
circle, hosting and attending dinners, 
participating in impromptu concerts, 
and discussing vocal and instrumen-
tal compositions.” While Dickens’s 
shocking conduct often upstages his 
wife’s story in this engrossing book, 
Nayder also shows that, against strong 
odds, Catherine Dickens was able to 
preserve her selfhood and continue to 
grow and find new joys in life.
Associate Professor Emerita of Hu-
manities at York, Deborah Heller’s 
most recent book, The Goose Girl, the 
Rabbi, and the New York Teachers: 
A Family Memoir, is forthcoming.


The Other Dickens: A Life of Catherine Hogarth

Braedley, Susan

Michaud, Jacinthe

Vosko, Leah F.

VOLUME 29, NUMBER 3 3
Editorial
susan braedley, jacinthe michaud, leah f. vosko
Feminists have never had an easy relationship with state 
policy. Linguistic barriers complicate sharing our learning 
across contexts. But in the spring of 2010, a number of 
feminist researchers, graduate students, and activists from 
Quebec and Ontario came together for a two-day bilingual 
conference at Glendon College (York University) to share 
our different approaches to feminist research on policy and 
activism. Our presentations and discussions were coloured 
by our context, in which neoliberal economics, neoconser-
vative perspectives, and the economic crisis were pushing 
equity issues off policy tables. Talking across languages, 
academic disciplines and culture, we found common 
ground and divergences in our research approaches, our 
commitments and our view of the way forward for feminist 
action. We also found energy and stimulation from this 
dialogue. In this special issue, we hope to stimulate wider 
participation in these conversations, in order to think 
through the challenges before feminism(s).
In preparing this collection, the editors asked our con-
tributors to take into account the discussions and debates 
that surfaced during this conference, and to address how 
their own analyses could bridge our two themes: research 
on policy and research on collective action. The majority 
of contributors point out that feminist researchers and 
activists must recognize and resist the insidious slip of 
neoliberal and neoconservative politics into feminism(s), 
undermining the movement’s broad equity goals. They 
also reflect on ways forward. Researchers and activists can 
embrace the positions of those left out or rejected by the 
assumptions of these politics—single mothers, racialized 
minorities, and recent immigrants. We can consider ques-
tions of the family, gender, communities, bodies, sexual 
practices, and patriarchy in relation to these politics. And 
we can examine who benefits, as well as who pays from 
policy decisions, in order to support the development of 
coalitions and alliances in common struggles.
We have structured this special issue in three sections. 
The first section introduces our questions with articles 
that reflect on the changing relationship between fem-
inism and states. Theoretically well-developed, these 
articles from established feminist scholars unsettle those 
who are complacent about the gains women have made. 
These reflections receive validation and challenge from 
the contributors in the second section, who use empirical 
research to present feminist perspectives on three social 
policy areas: long term residential care, health care and 
home care. Each of these pieces reflects on the gendered 
aspects of policy developments and related equity struggles, 
showing how practices, lives and institutions are affected. 
Differences and similarities between the Ontario and 
Quebec contexts reinforce the benefits of learning what 
is happening on either side of this border. 
The final section takes up the role of political activism 
within women’s movements, and the synergies – sometimes 
tensions—with other political movements. Contributors 
to this section highlight the changing face of feminist 
politics within Quebec and Ontario. Some explore wom-
en’s movements more concerned by public policies while 
others present the face of feminism and its links with other 
political actors. Others revisit the contemporary history 
of feminism to shed light on shifts from the preservation 
of alliances with the political left to more engagement 
with state institutions.
This special issue concludes with a special contribution 
from one of Canada’s best known feminists and academ-
ic researchers on women’s rights and labour law, Lucie 
Lamarche. During the conference, Professor Lamarche 
had the difficult, but challenging responsibility to draw 
together the many contributions’ disparate threads. Here, 
she undertakes a critical analytical review of the articles 
to provide elements to bridge our differences. If at first 
glance feminist research in Quebec and in Ontario seems 
to take separate, sometimes disconnected paths, there 
is solid ground and many reasons to pursue our efforts 
towards better feminist futures in this country. 
As usual, this project has relied on the invaluable support 
of many helpers. We, the editors of this special issue and 
organizers of the conference that stimulated it, wish to 
thank Le Secrétariat aux affaires intergouvernementales 
canadiennes, Gouvernement du Québec (saic), the cihr/
chsrf Chair in Health Services Research (York Univer-
sity), the Center for Feminist Research/Centre pour la 
recherche féministe à York, l’École d’études des femmes 
(programme de Glendon)/School of Women’s Studies 
(Glendon Programme), L’École des affaires publiques et 
internationales/School of Public and International Affairs, 
the York Ad Hoc Research Funds, and the late John Dig-
nard at Glendon and his team for technological support 
and services. Finally, we thank Karoline Jablonska for her 
help in organizing the conference and Sanjukta Banerjee 
for her assistance with translation.
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5VOLUME 29, NUMBER 3
éditorial
Les féministes n’ont jamais eu le contact facile avec les 
politiques étatiques. Les barrières linguistiques ont compli-
qué les échanges de nos connaissances selon les contextes. 
Mais au printemps 2010, des chercheures féministes, des 
doctorantes, des militantes du Québec et de l’Ontario 
se sont rencontrées au Collège Glendon de l’Université 
York lors d’une conférence bilingue de deux jours afin de 
partager les différentes approches de la recherche féministe 
sur les politiques et sur le militantisme.
Les présentations et les discussions reproduites ici 
portent la marque des économies néolibérales, des per-
spectives néoconservatrices et de la crise économique ce 
qui a relégué les problèmes d’équité au second plan. Le 
passage d’une langue à l’autre, d’une culture à une autre, 
le fait d’échanger entre disciplines, nous a permis de voir 
nos terrains d’entente et de divergences dans nos approches 
à la recherche, dans nos engagements et dans notre vision 
d’aller de l’avant avec l’action féministe. Nous avons aussi 
trouvé l’énergie et les stimuli dans ces échanges. Avec ce 
numéro spécial des Cahiers de la femme nous comptons 
stimuler une plus large participation aux dialogues et aux 
défis qui engagent tous les féminismes.
En colligeant ces articles, les éditrices ont demandé 
à nos collaboratrices de considérer les discussions et les 
débats qui ont émergé durant cette conférence afin que 
leurs propres analyses jettent un pont entre deux thèmes: 
la recherche sur les politiques publiques et les recherches 
sur l’action collective. La majorité des collaboratrices ont 
demandé aux chercheures féministes et aux militantes 
de reconnaître et de résister au dérapage insidieux des 
politiques néolibérales et néoconservatrices à l’intérieur 
des féminismes, dérapage qui sape les grands projets du 
mouvement vers l’équité. Elles ont aussi réfléchi sur les 
perspectives d’avenir et ce faisant, elles ont adopté les 
positions de celles qui sont rejetées par ces politiques : les 
mères célibataires, les minorités racialisées et les nouvelles 
arrivantes. Nous nous avons analysé les questions autour 
de la famille, des communautés, du genre, du corps, des 
pratiques sexuelles, du patriarcat et ce toujours en rela-
tions à ces politiques, tout comme nous avons examiné la 
question de ceux qui profitent et ceux qui paient suite à 
aux décisions afin de favoriser la formation de coalitions 
et d’alliances dans les luttes communes.
Nous avons structuré ce numéro spécial en trois sec-
tions: la première section présente des articles comportant 
une analyse critique de la relation changeante entre le 
féminisme et l’État. Ces articles , issus de chercheures 
chevronnées et théoriquement bien développés, dérangent 
ceux qui montrent de la complaisance face aux gains 
acquis par les femmes. Ces réflexions sont validées et 
mises en discussion par les articles de la deuxième section 
lesquels utilisent une approche empirique pour présenter 
les perspectives féministes à l’endroit de trois politiques 
sociales: la résidence à long terme, les soins de santé et 
les services à domicile. Chacun de ces textes abordent 
les aspects genrés lors du développement des politiques 
ainsi que les luttes d’équité touchant les pratiques, les 
conditions de vie et les institutions. Les différences et les 
similarités des contextes québécois et ontariens nous ont 
permis de voir l’importance de mieux partager ce qui se 
passe de chaque côté de la frontière.
La dernière section rend compte du rôle du militantisme 
politique à l’intérieur des mouvements des femmes de 
même que les synergies-quelques fois les tensions- avec 
d’autres mouvements politiques. Les collaboratrices de 
cette section mettent l’accent sur la face changeante du 
féminisme au Québec et en Ontario. Certaines explorent 
les mouvements de femmes et leurs engagements vers 
de meilleures politiques publiques alors que d’autres 
analysent les diverses parties du mouvement féministe 
qui sont en lien avec d’autres acteurs politiques. D’autres 
encore revoient l’histoire contemporaine du féminisme 
afin de mieux comprendre le passage de son alliance 
avec la gauche politique , vers un engagement avec les 
institutions étatiques.
Ce numéro spécial se termine avec la contribution de 
Lucie Lamarche, une des chercheures féministes uni-
versitaires des plus renommées au Canada sur les droits 
des femmes et les lois syndicales. Pendant la conférence, 
madame Lamarche a eu la difficile responsabilité de relier 
les différentes approches. Dans le présent numéro, elle a 
utilisé une analyse critique des articles afin d’en extraire 
les éléments qui font le pont entre nos différences. Si 
à première vue la recherche féministe au Québec et en 
Ontario semble prendre des voies divergentes, voire même 
déconnectées, force est de constater que le terrain est solide 
et qu’il existe plusieurs raisons de poursuivre nos efforts 
vers un meilleur avenir féministe dans ce pays.
Comme toujours, nous avons demandé plusieurs 
soutiens pour la réalisation de ce projet. Les éditrices 
de ce numéro spécial et organisatrices de la conférence 
tiennent à remercier sincèrement le Secrétariat aux affaires 
intergouvernementales canadiennes, Gouvernement du 
Québec (saic), la cihr/chsrf Chaire des services de 
santé (York), le Centre pour la recherche féministe à York, 
l’École de genre et d’études des femmes (Glendon), l’École 
des affaires publiques et internationales (Gendon), le Fonds 
de recherche adhoc pour les conférences à York, de feu 
John Dignard de Glendon ainsi queson équipe technique 
. Finalement, nous remercions notre assistante Karoline 
Jablonska pour son aide à l’organisation de la conférence 
et Sanjukta Banerjee, assistante à la traduction.
susan braedley, jacinthe michaud, leah f. vosko


Editorial

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