International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports (IJPEFS)
Not a member yet
416 research outputs found
Sort by
Injury rate in professional football: A systematic review
Full text linkThe goal of this paper is to determine the injury frequency rate in professional football players in leagues and national competitions by analyzing existing papers. We have chosen 21 articles according to the PRISMA method from the Google Scholar, ResearchGate Scopus, and Web of Science databases that fit both inclusion and exclusion criteria. We have discussed the following four segments based on the content of the selected papers: 1) An analysis of the injury frequency rate on the level of national teams, 2) An analysis of the injury frequency rate in club leagues, 3) A comparison of the injury frequency rate in matches and in practice, and 4) An analysis of the injury frequency rate in male versus female football players. The paper concludes that major national team tournaments have the highest injury frequency rate and that the probability of injury is four to five times higher in a match than in practice. The injury frequency rate in female players is lower than in male players regardless of the type of competition (national teams or leagues)
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in Physical Education Class and the Differences between Two Educational Pathways
Full text linkThis study aimed to determine the most and least important reasons for engaging in physical education classes among students in two educational pathways within the context of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Forty-one students participated in the study (25 males and 16 females; mean age = 16.37 ± 0.829). The sample was divided based on two class types: regular education and professional education. All students answered a questionnaire that aimed to verify the most and least important reasons for students to engage in physical education classes concerning intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Indicated that both regular education and professional education classes had intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The results also revealed that the participation of students was based essentially on their intrinsic motivation, but for different reasons when comparing the two educational pathways. Both types of the class were intrinsically and extrinsically motivated to participate in physical education classes
Comparing the strategies used to maintain the coach-athlete relationship in Japan and the United Kingdom
Full text linkThe present study explored the strategies used to maintain the quality of the coach-athlete relationship amongst rowers in Japan and the United Kingdom. A total of 93 athletes from Japan (N = 49) and UK (N = 44) completed the Coach Athlete Relationship Maintenance Questionnaire (CARM-Q) and the Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ). The results of T-tests showed that (a) university rowers in the UK were significantly more satisfied with the coach-athlete relationship than those in Japan; (b) the athletes in Japan expressed higher scores on Preventative strategies than the ones in the UK; (c) the athletes in the UK expressed higher scores on all other CARM-Q subscales with the exception of Social Networks. The results of correlation analyses revealed positive associations between the use of maintenance strategies and athlete satisfaction. These findings evidence the importance of coaches using strategies to maintain the effectiveness of their relationship with athletes as well as the importance of researchers taking cultural factors into account
Knee alignment with and without implements in leg press and squat exercises: a systematic review
Full text linkResistance training has been commonly used as a method of intervention in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries affecting the knee. Thus, the objective of this systematic review was to identify the methods employed with and without implements in leg press and squat exercises for the maintenance of knee alignment. The literature search was performed in the databases: PubMed, SciELO, and Lilacs. We used the descriptors "muscle strength" and "exercise" and their synonyms, available in the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), with the terms "valgus knee" and "varus knee". From the 1,117 articles found, eight studies were considered for the review. The included studies had samples composed of young men and women with advanced levels of training. Despite verifying conditions of valgus or varus knee, the studies presented different protocols and assessment methods. The implements comprised physioball, elastic resistance, and wedge. Electromyography and kinematics were used to assess muscle activity and movement patterns. These results reinforced the possibility of using implements to induce muscle and joint actions to reduce varus and valgus conditions. We suggest more studies to define the best strategies to reduce the excessive deviation of the patella in people who have valgus or varus knee
Lower-Limb Amputees in Olympic Weightlifting
Full text linkThe coach serves an integral role in shaping the youth sport experience. For athletes with disabilities, participation in sports may be a negative experience because their coach may misperceive or misunderstand their behaviors. More educational material about coaching adaptive athletes would help bridge the information gap between weightlifting coaches and the adaptive community. Because the number of adaptive athletes in the sport of weightlifting is steadily rising, it is becoming increasingly important that coaches of these athletes understand how they can facilitate the athlete’s lifelong enjoyment of the sport. Coaches should not be intimidated by adaptive athletes. Due to the unique nature of individual circumstances, it can be difficult to generalize about the most effective ways to train adaptive athletes. In recent years, USA Weightlifting (USAW) has introduced measures designed to increase accessibility of the sport for disabled athletes. These measures are summarized, analyzed, and presented in this article in a way that the authors are able to make training recommendations for athletes with lower-lib amputations. In addition, the psychological aspects of adapted weightlifting are briefed and analyzed culminating in recommendations for athletes engaging in weight training and coaches who work with athletes with amputation
Exploring the Decision Making Processes of Early Career Strength and Conditioning Coaches
Full text linkThe role of Strength and Conditioning coaches within sporting environments is growing in importance and more attention is being directed towards acknowledging the characteristics and decision making processes of these coaches. To date, most of the research has been with experienced coaches thus created a need to better understand those coaches at the early stages of their career. The present study utilised Applied Cognitive Task Analysis to elicit knowledge from eight strength and conditioning coaches with less than three years full time experience. Methods applied identified that less experienced strength and conditioning coaches operate in predominately stable conditions and feel comfortable delivering within this stability. Interviews revealed early career coaches to prioritise movement qualities and rely on previously acquired theoretical knowledge to make predetermined decisions on training content and responses within environments. A final theme generated demonstrated that connections with athletes were important for coaches to feel confident within their role. Implications for future coach development materials exploring the use of metacognition and its associated components of planning, monitoring and evaluation discussed
Constant Resistance During Proportional Speed Provoked Higher Lower Limb Proximal Musculature Recruitment than Distal Musculature in Young Healthy Adults
Full text linkThe lack of exercise in society today often leads to severe muscle loss and poor physical performance. Training methods targeting specific weakened muscle groups can help prevent or counteract muscle loss. This study aimed to analyze how the lower extremity muscles are activated when pushing a sled with constant resistance at two different speeds. Twenty-six participants with an average age of 23.77 years consented to having electromyography surface electrodes placed along the gluteus maximus (GMax), gluteus medius (GMed), tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius (GA) of their dominant leg. Muscle activation levels were then measured while the participant walked and ran with and without sled resistance. The study results showed that muscle activation was comparable during all trials and was not influenced by speed or constant resistance. However, the muscle activation for GMax and GMed was significantly higher than the activation levels exhibited by GA and TA. While pushing a sled has been shown to impact all studied musculature similarly, adding resistance to the movement can affect gait parameters such as stride length and cadence. Our findings support the use of sled training in patients with hip pathologies who are seeking to strengthen their GMax and GMed
The acute effect of different intensity aerobic and resistance training exercise on the body image in adult women
Full text linkThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the acute effect of different intensity aerobic (AE) and resistance training (RT) exercises on BI in adult women. Participants were 62 adult women (19.47 ± 2.53 yr., range 18 a 33 yr.), who were randomly assigned to three sessions of either: 1) Control group, 2) Low-intensity AE, 3) High-intensity AE, 4) Low-intensity RT, or 5) High-intensity RT. Before and immediately following each experimental intervention, BI, body weight, and arm and leg circumferences were measured. Three familiarization sessions were performed every 7 days before the AE and RT experimental interventions. Also, 5-RM tests were performed one week before the RT experimental interventions. Data were analyzed using mixed 3-way ANOVA, mixed 4-way ANOVA, and post-hoc analysis. An acute effect of RT on BI was observed, regardless of the exercise intensity, women felt more muscular immediately following the RT session. Regardless of the exercise intensity, 30-min of acute RT exercise changed BI perception, contrary to 30 min AE
Use of Modern methods for Evaluation of Motor Performance
Full text linkThe development of instruments and the use of the same is expanding from year to year. The paper aims to determine the usefulness of Myotesta (MT), Optojump (OJ), Globe Ergo System (GES) as modern methods for assessing motor performance. The research included nine original scientific papers. All works satisfied the problem and could answer the set goal. The selection of works from 2009. to 2014. was taken as a method. There are specific differences when comparing the results for each of the instruments. Myotest has stood out as the smallest instrument and is easily portable and therefore effective to use. The assessment of explosive power is easy to perform, and the results it gives are reliable
Tactics in tennis doubles: analysis of the formations used by the serving and receiving teams
Full text linkThere are several tactical variants that can be used by the serving and receiving teams before the serve is struck in tennis doubles. The goal is to analyse the frequency and efficiency of the tactical variants of the serving and receiving teams in doubles at the elite level. We analysed 1067 points in 18 doubles matches in professional men's top-level tennis tournaments. Next to the Classical formation, the I-formation was used in 46 % of points when players hit the first serve and in 41 % of cases when the point started with the second serve. Both formations had very equal efficiency, both after the first and second serve. The receiving team preferred a formation where both players were positioned at the baseline (53 %) when returning the first serve, but only in 18 % of points when they faced the second serve. The results summarize strategies and specific tactical variants in current game performance of male doubles at the top tennis level and the results can help to set a default set-up of training volumes of these game situations. The coaches can use the information and adjust the practice sessions according to the tactical demands of professional tennis