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Performance Comparison of Coagulation and Adsorption for Gambier Wastewater Treatment Using Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC), Calcium Hypochlorite, and Activated Carbon
Full text linkIndustrial wastewater from gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) extraction is characterized by high organic loads, intense coloration, and elevated levels of total dissolved solids (TDS), which often exceed regulatory discharge limits. This study evaluated the performance of two chemical coagulants, Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) and calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)₂), and one physical adsorbent, coal-based activated carbon (CW 130 AR), in treating gambier wastewater. The experimental work assessed their effects on chemical oxygen demand (COD), TDS, and color, alongside adsorption equilibrium modeling using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Results demonstrated that PAC achieved 89% COD removal, and calcium hypochlorite reached 82%. However, both coagulants were ineffective at reducing Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and occasionally increased dissolved solids due to residual ionic species. In contrast, activated carbon achieved COD and color removal efficiencies exceeding 95%, though it provided only modest TDS removal (≈85%). Adsorption isotherm analysis confirmed that COD removal by activated carbon followed the Langmuir model (R² = 0.9488), indicating monolayer chemisorption on a homogeneous surface. Meanwhile, PAC and calcium hypochlorite showed weak conformity to Langmuir and Freundlich models, confirming coagulation/flocculation as their dominant removal mechanism. This study provides the first comparative performance evaluation of coagulation and adsorption processes for gambier industry wastewater, demonstrating that a hybrid or sequential treatment strategy can achieve more comprehensive pollutant removal. By enhancing treatment efficiency, reducing industrial effluent discharge, and enabling potential water reuse, this work supports Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production)
Response Of Growth and Production of Red Chili to The Application of Trichoderma harzianum in Various Combinations of Planting Media
Full text linkTrichoderma harzianum has the ability as a decomposer organism and biological agent to control germination diseases that usually attack red chili plants. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of organic fertilizer given by T. harzianum on the productivity of red chili plants. The study consisted of eight treatments with four replications, namely treatment P0 (control), P1 (soil media + T. harzianum), P2 (soil medium + goat manure), P3 (soil media + manure + T. harzianum), P4 (soil media + compost), P5 (soil media + compost + T. harzianum), P6 (soil media + cocopeat), P7 (soil media + cocopeat + T. harzianum). The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD). Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, flowering time, number of fruits, fruit length and fruit weight. The results showed that the enrichment treatment of organic fertilizer using T. harzianum had a very significant effect on plant height and number of leaves. Treatment using T. harzianum affected the height of red chili plants at the age of 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after planting (DAP). The number of leaves was significantly different at the age of 21, 28, 35, and 42 DAP. The application of T. harzianum in goat manure had a very significant effect on the number of fruits, fruit length, and fruit weight. The best treatment was P3 treatment, namely soil added with goat manure in a ratio of 2:1 and T. harzianum 12 g had a very significant effect on plants, number of leaves, number of fruits, fruit weight, and fruit length of red chilies
KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KELIMPAHAN JENIS BURUNG DI DESA PENYANGGA TAMAN NASIONAL BERBAK DAN SEMBILANG (STUDI KASUS DI DESA SIMPANG KECAMATAN BERBAK KABUPATEN TANJUNG JABUNG TIMUR
Full text linkBerbak and Sembilang National Parks are conservation areas that become habitats for various types of plants and animals, including birds. This stud ypurpose to find species diversity, species evenness, species richness, dominance, species abundance and bird conservation status in Simpang Village. Data collection was carried out using the point count method and transect as many as 3 points which were assumed to represent one ecosystem, namely swamp ecosystems, shrubs and water bodies. The results obtained were 36 types of birds from 22 families. The value of the diversity index in the type of swamp ecosystem of 2,295 and the water body of 2,940 is in the medium category and the shrub ecosystem of 3,754 is relatively high. The three types of ecosystems have a stable distribution of types ranging from 0.21 < E < 1, no species dominate, but have a varied wealth of species, namely in low swamp ecosystems, medium shrub ecosystems and high water body ecosystems. This is due to the existence of three different types of ecosystems in the village, so that each ecosystem has a diverse species composition. Thus, Simpang Village is still classified as having a well-maintained diversity of birds, but still has to make efforts to conserve birds so that the bird population does not decrease, one of which is through continuous counseling by involving parties to educate and increase public awareness in the conservation of birds and their habitats
DIVERSIFIKASI OLAHAN PISANG MELALUI PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT: MEWUJUDKAN KEMANDIRIAN EKONOMI BERBASIS NAGARI DI DESA SAUREINU, SIPORA SELATAN
Full text linkAbstract
Saureinu is a village located in the interior of Sipora Island, Mentawai Islands Regency. The majority of the village's population works as banana farmers. This community service activity aims to build the Saureinu Village community's capacity to manage banana potential into high-value products, support the village's economic independence, and strengthen the community-based economy. The methods used include a participatory approach with stages of potential and problem surveys, technical training on banana product diversification, and training in small business management and marketing through digital platforms. The results of this program show significant success in improving the skills of the Saureinu Village community in processing bananas into various innovative products with economic value. Products such as banana chips with multiple flavors, banana jam, nuggets, and frozen bananas ready to fry are the main results of the training and mentoring provided. These products have been successfully developed and marketed locally and through a wider distribution network, opening up new market opportunities for the community. In addition, this program positively impacts community income due to the sale of processed banana products. Participants also gain a deeper understanding of small business management, from raw material management to marketing strategies, including digital marketing relevant to current market needs. With the increase in skills and knowledge, the community is more confident in developing businesses based on local potential, which ultimately supports the creation of community-based economic independence. This program proves that processing local agricultural products can effectively improve community welfare in a sustainable manner.
Keywords: Saureinu Village, marketing, banana products, small businesses
Abstrak
Saureinu merupakan salah satu desa yang terletak di pedalaman Pulau Sipora, Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai. Mayoritas penduduk desa ini berprofesi sebagai petani pisang. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan membangun kapasitas masyarakat Desa Saureinu dalam mengelola potensi pisang menjadi produk bernilai jual tinggi, mendukung kemandirian ekonomi nagari, serta memperkuat ekonomi berbasis komunitas. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pendekatan partisipatif dengan tahapan survei potensi dan permasalahan, pelatihan teknis diversifikasi produk pisang serta pelatihan manajemen usaha kecil dan pemasaran melalui platform digital. Hasil program ini menunjukkan keberhasilan signifikan dalam meningkatkan keterampilan masyarakat Desa Saureinu dalam mengolah pisang menjadi berbagai produk inovatif yang bernilai ekonomis. Produk-produk seperti keripik pisang aneka rasa, selai pisang, nugget dan pisang beku siap goreng menjadi hasil utama dari pelatihan dan pendampingan yang diberikan. Produk-produk tersebut tidak hanya berhasil dikembangkan, tetapi juga telah dipasarkan baik di tingkat lokal maupun melalui jaringan distribusi yang lebih luas, membuka peluang pasar baru bagi masyarakat. Selain itu, program ini memberikan dampak positif berupa peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat sebagai hasil dari penjualan produk olahan pisang. Peserta juga mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang manajemen usaha kecil, mulai dari pengelolaan bahan baku hingga strategi pemasaran, termasuk pemasaran digital yang relevan dengan kebutuhan pasar saat ini. Dengan adanya peningkatan keterampilan dan pengetahuan tersebut, masyarakat lebih percaya diri dalam mengembangkan usaha berbasis potensi lokal, yang pada akhirnya mendukung terciptanya kemandirian ekonomi berbasis komunitas. Program ini membuktikan bahwa pengolahan hasil pertanian lokal dapat menjadi solusi yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat secara berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci: Desa Saureinu, pemasaran, produk pisang, usaha keci
Qualitative Profiling of Antimalarial Compounds from Endophytic Fungi Associated with Rhizophora mucronata
Full text linkMalaria remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide, underscoring the urgent need for novel antimalarial sources. Endophytic fungi associated with mangrove roots of Rhizophora mucronata represent promising candidates, as they are capable of synthesizing secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids with known antiplasmodial activity. This study aimed to qualitatively identify antimalarial bioactive compounds from endophytic fungal extracts previously exhibiting the highest heme polymerization–inhibition activity. Fungal isolates were fermented in liquid medium for 21 days and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extracts were profiled by Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) using two solvent systems: n-hexane : ethyl acetate (5:1) and dichloromethane : methanol (10:1). Band visualization was performed under UV light (254 nm and 366 nm) and with semi-specific reagents (Dragendorff and citro-boric), followed by Rf value comparison. TLC analysis revealed blue-green fluorescent bands corresponding to flavonoids and brown-orange bands indicative of alkaloids, with optimal Rf values of 0.46 (n-hexane : ethyl acetate) and 0.54 (dichloromethane : methanol). These findings confirm the presence of key antimalarial compound classes in the endophytic fungal extract, supporting its potential as a coastal bioresource for drug discovery and development
Efektivitas Waktu Pemberian dan Dosis Trichoderma harzianum dalam Menanggulangi Serangan Sclerotium rolfsii pada Tanaman Kedelai
Full text linkABSTRACT
The attack of Sclerotium rolfsii can significantly reduce soybean plant productivity, potentially leading to crop failure. Currently, farmers rely on fungicides to combat this issue. However, the continuous use of chemical control agents poses risks to the environment. Therefore, it is essential to explore alternative methods, such as utilizing biological agents like Trichoderma harzianum, which are more environmentally friendly. This study aims to analyze the effects of time application and the dosage of T. harzianum on reducing the incident of basal stem rot disease caused by S. rolfsii in soybean plants. This research was conducted from June to September 2024 at the Biotechnology and Plant Breeding Laboratory and the Bandongan Teaching Farm greenhouses at UNTIDAR. A Complete Randomized Block Design (3x4) was used in the study. The first factor was the application time of T. harzianum, namely 7 days before planting (T1), at planting time (T2), and 7 days after planting (T3). The second factor was the dosage of T. harzianum, which are 0, 225, 300, and 375 g/polybag. All data were analyzed with ANOVA, while the any significance tested further with orthogonal polynomials. Results indicated that applying T. harzianum 7 days before planting at a dosage of 375 g/polybag effectively reduced both the intensity of fungal attacks and the incidence of the disease. This timing and dosage combination also increased the effectiveness of the control measures and the height of the soybean plants. The interaction between the timing and dosage had a positive impact on reducing disease severity and enhancing control efficacy. T. harzianum demonstrated antagonistic activity against S. rolfsii, likely due to competition for space and nutrients, as well as antibiotic produced by the antagonistic fungi. In conclusion, this study suggests that T. harzianum can effectively inhibit S. rolfsii attacks on soybean plants when applied at the appropriate time and dosage.
ABSTRAK
Serangan jamur Sclerotium rolfsii pada tanaman kedelai dapat menyebabkan penurunan produktivitas tanaman hingga gagal panen. Saat ini, petani menggunakan fungisida untuk mengatasi hal tersebut. Namun demikian, penggunaan agen pengendali kimiawi secara terus menerus berdampak pada kerusakan lingkungan, sehingga perlu dicari alternatif lain dengan memanfaatkan agensia hayati seperti Trichoderma harzianum yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh waktu pemberian dan dosis T. harzianum terhadap serangan jamur S. rolfsii penyebab penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada tanaman kedelai. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-September 2024 di Laboratorium Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman dan greenhouse Bandongan Teaching Farm UNTIDAR. Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (3 x 4) digunakan pada penelitian ini. Faktor pertama yaitu waktu pemberian T. harzianum 7 hari sebelum tanam (T1), saat tanam (T2), dan 7 hari setelah tanam (T3). Faktor kedua adalah dosis T. harzianum yaitu 0, 225, 300 dan 375 g/polybag. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu pemberian T. harzianum 7 hari sebelum tanam dan dosis 375 g/polybag berpengaruh menurunkan intensitas serangan dan kejadian penyakit serta meningkatkan efektivitas pengendalian dan tinggi tanaman kedelai. Interaksi antar kedua faktor berpengaruh menurunkan intensitas serangan dan kejadian penyakit serta meningkatkan efektivitas pengendalian. T. harzianum memiliki aktivitas antagonisme terhadap patogen S. rolfsii. Diduga terjadi persaingan ruang dan nutrisi, serta aktivitas antibiosis dari jamur antagonis. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa T. harzianum mampu menghambat serangan jamur S. rolfsii pada tanaman kedelai dengan waktu pemberian dan dosis yang tepat.
POTENTIAL PREY FOR JAVANESE LEOPARD (Panthera pardus melas Cuvier, 1809) AT THE MOUNT BOTOL RESORT, MOUNT HALIMUN SALAK NATIONAL PARK
Full text linkThe Gunung Botol Resort is a conservation area in West Java that is crucial for the protection of key wildlife such as the Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas Cuvier, 1809). The presence of the Javan leopard plays a crucial role in the ecosystem. Data on its potential is essential for efforts to maintain the sustainability of its population in the ecosystem. This study aims to determine the presence of Javan leopard prey at the Gunung Botol Resort in the TNGHS. This study was conducted using camera traps. Analysis of the obtained photographic data was carried out using the Jim Sanderson application. The results of the study produced 133 images, there were 8 types of Javan leopard prey animals that were successfully caught by Camera traps, namely forest rats (Rattus sp) 27 images, barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak) 25 images, wild boar (Sus scrofa) 19 images, linsang (Prionodon linsang) 17 images, jungle cats (Prionaliurus bengalensis) 16 images, squirrels (Tupaia javanica) 16 images, skunk teludu (Mydaus javanica) 10 images and Javan barking quail (Arborophila javanica) 3 images. These results indicate the availability of diverse natural food for Javan leopards as top predators functioning as umbrella species. This finding is important to support ecological-based conservation strategies, especially in maintaining the stability of top predator populations through sustainable habitat management and food chains
ADAPTASI KEDIH (Presbitis thomasi Raffles, 1821) TERHADAP RUANG HORIZONTAL DAN VERTIKAL DI HUTAN SEKUNDER GUNUNG PAROY, ACEH BESAR.
Full text linkThe Thomas langur (Presbytis thomasi) is a primate endemic to Aceh, threatened with extinction due to hunting and habitat destruction. They are found not only in conservation areas but also in other areas and secondary forests. Mount Paroy is one of the important Thomas langur habitats that has been damaged due to encroachment by local communities. In this area, Thomas langur are often hunted because they are considered pests by farmers. The conservation status of Thomas langur is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN and Appendix II by CITES. This habitat change has resulted in changes in the food supply pattern of Thomas langur. Food trees are replaced by plantation crops. Therefore, Thomas langur must be able to adapt to food sources and sleeping trees of non-forest species. This study aimed to determine the feeding behavior and adaptation of Thomas langur in disturbed secondary forests using exploratory survey methods and data collection techniques using line transect. Recorded data included the horizontal coordinates of the Thomas langur ' feeding points and the height of the trees used for feeding and resting. Data were analyzed using the Maximum Convex Polygon (MCV) method. Results obtained in the Mount Paroy habitat showed horizontal movement of 29 ha, and vertical space was used at altitudes below 10 m. For food, Thomas langur on Mount Paroy consumes more leaves
Feasibility Test of Papaya Microgreens (Carica papaya L. var. Callina) As Functional Foods
Full text linkPapaya seeds have the potential to be developed as microgreens. Microgreens are classified as functional foods because they contain at least ten times more phytochemicals and vitamins than mature plants of the same species. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of Callina papaya microgreens as functional food based on proximate analysis, antioxidant activity, and antioxidant compound content. Proximate analysis was conducted by testing the moisture content (thermogravimetric), ash (dry soaking), protein (Kjeldahl method), fat (soxhlet method), and carbohydrate (by difference). The antioxidant activity test used the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Analysis of antioxidant compounds included testing vitamin C levels (spectrophotometry) and chlorophyll levels (portable chlorophyll meter). Flavonoid, alkaloid, and tannin compounds were tested qualitatively. Proximate analysis of papaya microgreens on dry weight contained 57.35% water, 0.48% ash, 3.46% carbohydrate, 13.45% fat, and 25.28% protein. Papaya microgreens in wet weight percent contained 94.35% water, 0.03% ash, 3.43% carbohydrate, 0.76% fat, and 1.43% protein. Papaya microgreens have very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 2.058 ppm. Antioxidant compounds in papaya microgreens are vitamin C (1.152%), chlorophyll (32.56 μmol/m²), flavonoids, and alkaloids, but tannins are not present. Based on the results of proximate analysis, antioxidant activity test, and antioxidant compounds, it can be concluded that papaya microgreens are feasible as functional food because it meet the requirements of functional foods, which contain physiologically active compounds and can provide health benefits
Effectiveness of Ammonium Polymer in Improving Floating Treatment Wetland to Reduce Cod From Palm Oil Mill Effluent
Full text linkPalm oil mill effluent (POME) is a liquid waste from the palm oil industry. This waste contains high levels of organic pollutants and can contribute to environmental pollution. Current technologies effectively degrade these pollutants but are often not environmentally friendly and expensive. Phytoremediation combined with an adsorption system using ammonium polymers is expected to address these challenges. Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) and ammonium polymers have been separately tested and proven capable of degrading pollutants in wastewater. The study began by modifying the planting medium for vetiver grass with gravel:polymer:soil ratio of 3:5:2. The modified net pot was then placed in a floating treatment wetland reactor for POME treatment over a remediation period of 7 days. For comparison, a control experiment was conducted using plants without polymers in the planting medium. The results showed a COD degradation of approximately 75% in POME after treatment. The reduction in COD continued to improve with increasing remediation time, reaching its peak on the seventh day. The modified planting medium also influenced plant growth, as the polymer adsorbed some phosphate and nitrate