Asia-Pacific Journal of Health Management (ACHSM)
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The Association Between Organizational Justice and Commitment with Workforce Productivity from Critical Care Nurses Viewpoint
No full textObjective: Human resource productivity is one of the priorities for progress and development in any organization. Organizational commitment amongst staff members improves their positive attitude towards the organization and organizational justice is one of the requirements for any type of social participation. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment and human resource productivity from the viewpoint of intensive care (ICU) nurses.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 nurses working in the teaching hospitals of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, (five hospitals) Iran in 2018. The data were collected using the Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Moorman and Niehoffs Organizational Justice Questionnaire, Allen and Meyer Organizational Commitment Questionnaire and Human Resource Productivity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software and descriptive and inferential statistical methods (Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis).
Results: The results of the study revealed that the mean of organizational justice, organizational commitment and human resource productivity was 52.26 ± 34.16, 96.75 ± 14.62 and 65.39 ± 18.05, respectively. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed a positive and significant correlation between organizational justice and human resource productivity (r = 0.615; P = 0.001) and between organizational commitment and human resource productivity (r = 0.140; P = 0.048). Accordingly, with increasing organizational justice and organizational commitment, human resource productivity also increases, and vice versa.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that organizational justice and organizational commitment have a significant effect on human resources productivity. Hospital managers can consider the role of psychological interventions and strengthening justice and organizational commitment in improving human resource productivity of nurses
The Lingering Effects: Examining mental health in India during a period of COVID-19 regression
No full textPurpose: COVID-19 has been recognized as a contagious disease which can cause serious health problems, even proving to be fatal in some cases. The swift spread of COVID-19 epidemic shook the world which led to lockdowns, isolation, and social distancing for the general population so as to curb and contain the spread. This was found to lead to mental health disorders amongst people. This study examines the prevalence and severity of anxiety, stress perception, and well-being levels among the people at the time when the COVID-19 was in regression (decline) in India.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 374 respondents’ mental health was evaluated using three standardized questionnaires: Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD-7], Perceived Stress Scale [PSS-4], and Five Wellbeing Index [WHO-5].
Results: The study revealed that almost 82% of respondents had moderate to severe levels of stress while 66% of respondents had mild to moderate levels of anxiety. Overall, 60% of respondents had poor (low) mental well-being. A strong negative correlation was found between mental well-being and perceived stress, and mental well-being and level of anxiety, in comparison to the correlation between anxiety and perceived stress was positive and statistically significant.
Conclusions: This study identified several long-term psychological effects of COVID. The presence of stress and anxiety and poorer mental well-being even at the time of decline in COVID-19 cases, highlights the need for serious attention to be given to psychological and psychiatric help and support throughout the duration and regression of such diseases. Health policymakers must ensure coherent and consistent plans for screening the mental health of the general population are in place to provide the required support in managing the long-term psychological and psychiatric effects of COVID
Service Quality and Service Satisfaction in the Inpatient Setting: Moderating role of insurance status
No full textBackground: The purpose of this study is to propose and test for the moderating role of insurance status on the relationship between service quality (SQ) and service satisfaction (SS) in a hospital setting. The study focuses on the state-run health insurance (SHI) provided to economically deprived families in India.
Methodology: Using a reliable and validated structured questionnaire adapted from Dagger’s hierarchical model of health service quality, exit interviews were conducted with 279 respondents. 310 study participants were randomly recruited (response rate = 90%) from the discharge list of general surgery ward of a private hospital in the Thane district of Maharashtra, India. Multi-group Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in AMOS v.22 was used to test for the hypothesized model.
Findings: The study finds that patients’ perceptions of different service quality dimensions, including inter-personal, administrative and technical are affected by the insurance status. The analysis identified technical quality as the key determinant of overall perceived service quality for patients insured under SHI. Results support our proposed moderating effect of insurance status on the relationship between service quality and service satisfaction.
Conclusion: The study findings indicate that patients receiving free treatment under SHIs may not have higher expectations of inter-personal and/or administrative quality, but are concerned about technical quality. For paid patients all the dimensions of service quality determine overall perceived service quality and service satisfaction. The study findings have implications for market segmentation strategies based on the insurance status. The study provides insights to SHI implementers for improving the program in the long run and also help hospital administrators identify the quality dimensions to focus upon and ensure patient satisfaction and loyalty
Clinical Pathway for Influenza in the Elderly: A comprehensive management protocol of Malaysia
No full textIntroduction: The clinical pathway (CP) is one of the most recommended tools for ensuring the best quality of care and has been proven to reduce the cost and time spent in hospital. The development of a CP for influenza is crucial, especially for the elderly, as they are vulnerable to influenza-related complications. The main aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive protocol for each component of influenza management among the elderly in Malaysia.
Methods: An expert group meeting was conducted involving family medicine specialists, public health specialists, geriatricians, respiratory physicians and infectious disease physicians. The CP was designed following a 6-step protocol: 1) Selection of expert panel, 2) discussion and information gathering, 3) development of CP draft, 4) refinement of CP draft, 5) implementation of CP, and 6) finalisation of CP. The CP for influenza was designed based on service type and disease severity.
Results: The panel described both outpatient and inpatient CPs for managing elderly patients with influenza. The outpatient CP covered mild and moderate influenza cases, while the inpatient CP addressed the management of moderate and severe influenza. The estimated length of hospital stay for moderate and severe influenza cases with pneumonia was 6 and 14 days, respectively.
Conclusions: The CP for influenza supports existing treatment according to illness severity leveraged on current clinical practice guidelines and the best-care practices in primary and tertiary care settings. Continuous use of the CP is required to assess its effectiveness, thereby enabling optimisation of the healthcare process in influenza treatment
Validity And Reliability of the Questionnaire to Measure the Patient Satisfaction With Nursing Care Quality-Turkish Version: The patient satisfaction with nursing care quality
No full textBackground: Patient satisfaction is an essential quality-result indicator of health services in hospital and ambulatory care settings. There are limited questionnaires to measure patient satisfaction with nursing care quality in Turkey.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Patient Satisfaction With Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire (PSNCQ).
Methods: This methodological study was carried out in a bronchology unit of a state hospital in Istanbul between January and May 2021. The sample consisted of 149 participants and was recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected using an online questionnaire.
Results: The Content Validity Index of the questionnaire was calculated at .95. Item-total correlations ranged from .76 to .91 for 19 items. The minimum factor load was .781, and the questionnaire items explained 79% of the total variance. Alpha coefficient was calculated as .98 for the whole questionnaire. To test reliability analysis, the Spearman-Brown correlation value was 0.881, and the Guttman Split-Half value was 0.933. Test re-test correlation was .88. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the one-factor model.
Conclusions/Implications for practice: Turkish version of the PSNCQ questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating patient satisfaction with nursing care. Valid and reliable instruments are crucial to effectively assess patient satisfaction with nursing care to improve health quality
In Authenticity, We Trust – The Influencing Functions and Behaviours of Aged Care Leaders to Bridge the Intention-Experience Disparity of Followers
No full textStudy Design: This paper is an output from a mixed methods study of aged care employees in which the quantitative results examining the effects of leadership style on organisational identification (OID) and job satisfaction (JS) of aged care employees populated the agenda for semi-structured interviews and the transcripts subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the influencing functions and relate them to associated influencing behaviours of authentic leaders to assist in reducing the intention-experience disparity (IED) found in the thematic analysis of the transcripts of semi-structured interviews of the study participants.
Findings and Research Outcomes: Job burnout and organisational disengagement were prevalent in participants. The researcher identified that while aged care leaders worked assiduously to engage their staff, an Intention-Experience Disparity (IED) was operating. Leaders' influencing functions and behaviours are documented from the evidence-based literature and a conceptual model based on authentic leadership principles developed.
Research Limitations/Implications: The research deployed quantitative measurements to determine the differences in responses to an on online questionnaire that deployed the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire™ (MLQ5X[Short]), the Identification with a Psychological Group Scale (IDPG) and the Measure of Job Satisfaction (MJS) and differences between responses from leaders and their raters between measured. These differences were used to explore participants' lived experiences and how they made sense of their personal and social worlds at work. In the quantitative study, there may be an overstatement of the strength of the relationship between variables among those motivated to participate in the study. The qualitative study required the researcher to describe the research context thoroughly. Those who wish to transfer the results of this study to a different context than aged care must judge the transferability of findings.
Understanding Common Rationales Adopted in Healthcare Price Setting Across the Private Healthcare Sector in Sri Lanka: A qualitative study
No full textBackground / Objectives: The Sri Lankan healthcare system consists of public and private sectors. In terms of capacity, the public sector dominates the provision of care across curative, preventive and outpatient care. The private sector, too, has grown rapidly in recent years but was mainly confined to providing curative, diagnostic and outpatient care. Since, there are little or no studies conducted in Sri Lanka thus far, the objective of this study was to understand the current approaches adopted in determining the base of healthcare payments. This study also investigated the economic and administrative processes involved in determining the level of healthcare pricing in the private sector healthcare industry in Sri Lanka.
Method: This qualitative study investigated the rationales adopted in healthcare pricing by healthcare administrators in the private sector. Structured interviews were conducted and thematic analysis were applied to interview data collected and analysis.
Results: Five key themes, which influenced pricing, were identified from the interviews. These themes included influence from medical practitioners/clinicians, competitor pricing, price adjustment/profit margins, consumables and staff, and economic demands. There was a consensus that competitor pricing and seniority of the practicing clinicians had an impact on pricing.
Conclusion: This study revealed that the base of payment in private sector healthcare is fee for service (FFS). Adopting popular international approaches such as Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGS) was not shown in this study. Further, it was evident that the Sri Lankan private healthcare sector administrators unilaterally fix pricing based on the identified key themes without adequately consulting the healthcare payers and users
Public Acceptance of COVID-19 Related Location Tracking Technology While in Quarantine: Evidence from South Korea
No full textIntroduction: Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019, public policy debate has been increasingly focusing on developing and implementing new disease prevention measures based on tracking of geographical location, in particular during the quarantine period. Limited studies have so far investigated possible public acceptance of such measures.
Methods: We analyzed a sample data of 1,000 respondents from the 2021 Korean Social Science Data Center using descriptive statistics and logistic regression modelling. The outcome variable was the binary variable measuring the public acceptance of COVID-19 related tracking devices for people subjected to quarantine, explanatory variable included socio-economic characteristics and subjective perception measures.
Results: The results suggest that subjective factors, such as perceived likelihood of virus contraction (OR=1.78) and severity of the disease (OR=2.21), rather than socio-economic factors, are key determinants of public acceptance of COVID-19 related location tracking technology. Elderly participants in the middle socio-economic class have shown the highest acceptance rate for tracking device implementation
Conclusion: Although the use of location tracking devices has been increasing exponentially, there is still limited understanding in terms of public acceptance of such devices. The results of this study contribute to identifying such determinants, this contributing to policy design related to COVID-19
COVID-19 and Its Derivatives- A relation with light for health
No full textLight now has many applications in life and plays a vital role in therapeutic and protective fields. In the recent era, many light sources are considered for prevention, sterilization, and curing, especially with artificial lamps. Since the coronavirus pandemic appeared in 2019, the world has been interested in sterilization by light rays from a physical and applied point of view. In this work, the authors focus on definite spectral bands and their direct effects on the current COVID-19 pandemic for a prevention spreading purpose.
According to the light use results, until now, the most useful method for decontamination against COVID-19 is ultraviolet C. The other spectral bands like UVA, UVB, and violet-blue show that they have a more negligible effect on the deactivation of the COVID-19 virus. The UVA and UVB help increase vitamin D in the human body, reflecting positively on the immunity system and increasing the recovery rate. The violet-blue band is helpful in decontamination against bacteria microorganisms. As for the IR band, the studies are still recent, and until now, there is no recommendation to use this band in sterilization against this pandemic. Studies continued on UV utilization because the world urgently needs industrial and domestic disinfection systems and sterilization. The other bands have another substantial practical effect on health improvement so any people can survive and overcome different diseases
The Transmogrification of Surgical Telehealth: a PRISMA Review
No full textTelehealth has been used to care for patients at a distance in specific clinical and demographic situations, but the demand for physical isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic has expanded its application to the broader community. This systematic literature review, of very recent publications, elucidates the new ways telehealth has been implemented, confirms it’s acceptability, accessibility and safety by collating reviews, trial and cohort studies from peer reviewed journals meeting defined risk of bias criteria.
Five literature reviews, three qualitative studies and 22 quantitative studies were included, which confirmed that telehealth is a safe medium for delivery of surgical health care, is accessible and efficient for the majority of patients and clinicians across the age and socioeconomic spectrum. It is time and resource efficient for providers and recipients and improves the delivery of patient-centred care. Many providers have published innovative solutions to the difficulties of telehealth, such as conducting a physical examination or technological limitations at the remote site. Health care can now be delivered directly to the home or the workplace.
Routine in-person postoperative review of patients should be replaced by patient-led telehealth unless there is a specific reason for face-to-face review. Assessment and management of new cases could be managed more efficiently if a carefully planned digital referral process is developed and adopted