Asia-Pacific Journal of Health Management (ACHSM)
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Are Consumer Experience and Satisfaction Surveys in Healthcare Value-Adding?
No full textPurpose: Many organisations invest huge amounts of resources in consumer experience surveys. Even though consumer experience surveys are in widespread use, several factors can affect a consumer’s response, which can make results from such surveys difficult to interpret. Therefore, before making considerable investment in collecting consumer experience information, it is important to consider whether the design of consumer experience surveys is such that results will be value-adding.
Design/methodology/approach: This article explores reasons why consumer experience surveys may not necessarily be as value-adding as we think. Important considerations for the interpretation of the results of consumer experience surveys are explored, and relevant literature is reviewed.
Findings: Using standard consumer experience surveys that do not contextualise local information is not value-adding. Comparison of results of consumer satisfaction surveys to rate service quality across systems and borders is also difficult as a consumer experience is significantly influenced by local context and consumers often express satisfaction, or dissatisfaction based on what is acceptable and expected to be delivered in their local environment.
Originality: Several influential publications exist on the benefits of undertaking consumer experience surveys, however, it is important that why consumer experience surveys may not necessarily be value-adding is also important to explore
Challenges and Future Direction of Motivation of Nurses: A literature and perspective view
No full textMotivation is a crucial psychological factor that significantly impacts good performance, quality of care, and job satisfaction among nurses. Despite its pivotal importance, motivation levels among nurses have unfortunately declined in recent years, attributed to various factors. This article delves into the challenges hindering nurse motivation in Iran. The design of this paper integrated a targeted literature review with the author's expert perspectives to provide a comprehensive and actionable understanding of the subject. Based on these findings, future directions and specific recommendations have been formulated to address the identified challenges. From the novel perspective of this research, economic factors, including low salaries and limited career advancement opportunities, profoundly impact nurse motivation. Additionally, the public's perception of nursing as a technical rather than an academic field, coupled with existing issues within nursing education, further contributes to this problem. For nursing management, human resource management, and healthcare organizations in Iran, this paper offers a comprehensive framework of actionable strategies. Key recommendations for improving motivation include recognizing and appreciating nurses' efforts, actively supporting their professional growth, empowering them in their roles, fostering effective communication, and promoting diversity and inclusion within the profession. The article further emphasizes a critical future direction: proactive engagement by nursing schools and society at large to elevate the status of nursing students and reshape public perception. These preventive measures are crucial for averting adverse outcomes such as job burnout, increased resignations, and a decrease in the quality of work life among nurses. Implementing these multifaceted approaches, tailored to individual needs, can significantly enhance nurse motivation, leading to improved job satisfaction and patient care outcomes
Evaluating the Impact of Early Intervention on Developmental Outcomes in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comparative Study in Bangladesh
No full textIntroduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents a range of developmental challenges, often impacting social, cognitive, and motor skills. Early intervention (EI) is essential in supporting children with ASD by leveraging neuroplasticity during early developmental stages. This study aims to describe developmental profiles of children with ASD receiving early intervention compared to typically developing peers.
Methodology: A quantitative, comparative study was conducted among 400 six-year-old children, equally divided between ASD (n = 200) and TD (n = 200) groups, selected through purposive sampling from all eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh. Children in the ASD group had received EI since diagnosis before age three. Developmental outcomes were assessed using the Communication DEALL Developmental Checklist (ComDEALL), the Speech and Language Development Chart (SLDC), and the Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA). Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed using Python.
Results: The ASD group demonstrated lower acquisition across all domains. Gross motor and fine motor mastery was achieved by only 60% and 40% of ASD children, respectively, compared to 100% in TD peers. Receptive and expressive language skills were acquired by 54% and 46% of ASD participants, with phonology (11%) and pragmatics (20%) particularly underdeveloped. Daily living, cognitive, social, and emotional skills were acquired by less than 52% of ASD children. ISAA scores classified 78% of ASD participants as having severe autism.
Conclusion: These findings highlight critical delays in motor, language, and social skills in children with ASD. Tailored EI programs addressing these areas could enhance developmental outcomes and functional independence for children with ASD in resource-limited settings like Bangladesh
Empowerment of Sustainable Community Health Through The Application of the Theory of Maqasid Al-Shariah
No full textThis study investigates the impact of Shariah empowering, community health, and shariah compliant hospitals on maqasid al-Shariah in Malaysia. The research aims to align Islamic financial institutions' aims with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and promote Maqasid Shariah-driven Islamic financing. Shariah-compliant community health systems are based on primary and secondary sources of Islamic law, legal maxims, norms, models, and basic necessity. Medical treatments have both positive and negative outcomes, and a balance between these should be maintained. The merging of Shariah and medicine can prevent and preserve illnesses such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetes. Understanding the basic principles of Shariah, halal and haram, mumalah, quality in Islam, and establishing Islamic core values within the organization are also essential. The Malaysian government faces challenges in managing government hospitals due to high patient volumes and dissatisfaction with the level of care provided. Private hospitals offer benefits such as reduced wait times, clean atmospheres, and more amenities. However, they are expensive and require more healthcare professionals. This research aims to examine the sequence of maqasid al-Shariah and its development based on requirements, and proposes the hypothesis that there is a positive impact of a Shariah-compliant hospital and maqasid al-shariah. This study used SPSS-23 and AMOS-SEM for statistical analysis. The demographic profile of the respondents was 131 male (50.97%) and 126 female (49.03%). The exploratory factor analysis was conducted using principal component analysis and the varimax rotation method. The measuring model was developed to evaluate the validity of all exogenous and endogenous variables in the fitness-tested model, with the dependent variable being maqsood al-shariah. The study conducted a reliability test using Cronbach's alpha and AMOS software to evaluate construct reliability and validity. The findings suggest that improving shariah-compliant hospital and community health initiatives can foster maqsood al-shariah while advancing Sustainable Development Goals
Relationship between Professional Self-Concept with Intention to Leave, and Professional Quality of Life among Psychiatric Nurses
No full textBackground: Nurses working in psychiatric wards face unique challenges compared to other departments, such as job dissatisfaction and turnover, which require special attention from management. A positive professional self-concept can play a crucial role in enhancing adaptability in the high-stress nursing environment.
Objective: The research team aimed to investigate the relationship between professional self-concept and the tendency to leave the profession and professional quality of life among psychiatric nurses.
Design: This was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study.
Setting: The study was conducted on 219 nurses employed at Razi Educational and Treatment Center in Tehran in 2023. The sample was selected using a census method.
Main outcome measures: Data collection tools included a demographic information questionnaire, Kevin's Professional Self-Concept Questionnaire, Hinshaw's Turnover Intention Questionnaire, and Stamm's Professional Quality of Life Questionnaire. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 25.
Results: The average professional self-concept score of the nurses was 25.37±69.22. The tendency to leave the job, compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary trauma stress were at moderate levels. Professional self-concept and satisfaction with received salary were predictors of the tendency to leave the job. Professional self-concept was the only predictor of compassion satisfaction and secondary trauma stress. Burnout was predicted by both professional self-concept and satisfaction with salary.
Conclusions: It is recommended that managers and policymakers develop programs to enhance professional self-concept and increase the salary of nurses working in psychiatric departments to reduce their tendency to leave the profession and improve their professional quality of life
Optimizing Outpatient Pharmacy Waiting Time During Peak Hours: A JKN-Based Analysis of Queue Categories and Polyclinic Bottlenecks
No full textBackground: Long prescription waiting times in outpatient pharmacies critically reduce patient satisfaction and hospital reputation, especially under Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (JKN) dominance.
Objective: To compare prescription waiting times between morning (07.00-10.00) and afternoon (10.00-13.00) periods by queue category and originating polyclinic.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study analyzed secondary data from 2,005 outpatient prescriptions (April 8-25, 2025) using descriptive statistics; unpaired t-tests compared mean waiting times across queues (ΣA: compounded, ΣB: JKN-chronic, ΣN: non-chronic, ΣF: fast track), and polyclinics.
Results: Average waiting time surged from 45.46 minutes (morning) to 84.44 minutes (afternoon) (p < 0.01), with the steepest increases in the ΣA queue (110% rise) and Cardiology polyclinic (114% rise). Only 11.29% of compounded (ΣA) met the ≤ 60-minute standard in the afternoon (vs. 89.09% in the morning, p < 0.01), while JKN-Chronic (ΣB) dropped to 2.82% compliance with the ≤ 30-minute benchmark.
Conclusions: Strategic Lean-ToC interventions are empirically recommended to resolve the critical peak-hour prescription bottleneck, strengthening Indonesia’s JKN sustainability
Data Licensing for Public Interest: A retrospective analysis of the COVID-19 open dataset
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical need for accessible public health data. However, navigating the complexities of data licensing remains a major challenge, complicating the aggregation, analysis, and sharing of such data. These difficulties are further compounded by diverse legal systems, each with its own copyright and intellectual property rules.
This study examines the licensing terms of 301 datasets within the COVID-19 Open Data metadataset, revealing key barriers to public health data accessibility. To address these challenges, we propose a decision flow diagram to guide users through license compatibility and republishing permissions, enabling ethical and legal aggregation under permissive licenses.
We also present practical guidelines for data producers in public health, aimed at improving the clarity and usability of shared data. These recommendations reflect common licensing issues and the needs of data users, promoting more effective data sharing.
By addressing these barriers, this work offers strategies to enhance the availability and impact of public health data, supporting better responses to current and future global health emergencies
Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction in Health Insurance: A comprehensive study in Bengaluru, India
No full textObjective: This paper focuses on the multifaceted dimension of customer satisfaction in health insurance within Bengaluru city. Bengaluru city is a metropolis in India with a diversified population with diverse insurance preferences, and healthcare requirements. Through this comprehensive study, we strove to analyze the impact of demographic features and health insurance benefits on customer satisfaction.
Methods: We have gathered data using a structured questionnaire. Chi–square and logistic regression tests were conducted using R – Program to understand which factors influence consumer satisfaction in Health Insurance (HI).
Summary: This research investigates the factors influencing customer satisfaction in health insurance (HI) in Bengaluru, India, a city with diverse healthcare needs and insurance preferences. Using statistical tools like Chi-square and Logistic Regression in R, the study identifies key demographic and policy-related factors affecting satisfaction.
Results: Occupation (p<0.01), family income (p<0.001), health insurance type (p<0.05), and ‘Is affected by COVID-19 previously’ (p<0.05) features are statistically significant. Claim settlement ratio (p=0.004), co-payment percentage (p=0.034), network hospitals coverage (p=0.018), tax benefits (p=0.015), and waiting periods (p=0.020) were found to be influencing factors of HI customer satisfaction.
Conclusion: This customer satisfaction study enables policymakers and insurance service providers to understand the dynamics of the customer. The government, HI providers and researchers can use these results to plan new HI policies and improve customer satisfaction in HI
Exploring Leadership in Health Sector Nonprofits in Non-Western Context
No full textObjective And Importance of Study: This scoping review examines leadership within healthcare nonprofit organizations (NPOs) in non-Western contexts, addressing a key research gap in healthcare leadership literature. In resource-limited regions, NPOs support public health, compensating for limited government infrastructure and resources.
Study Type And Method: Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, the review synthesizes peer-reviewed literature on healthcare leadership in NPOs from the past decade.
Results And Analysis: Three primary themes emerge - leadership styles, community health leadership, and leadership challenges. Transformational, servant, collective, and shared leadership styles are highlighted for their contribution to fostering collaboration, decentralizing decision-making, and enhancing organizational performance in achieving health outcomes. The review also underscores the importance of leadership in empowering communities through participatory processes, with Community Health Workers (CHWs) playing a pivotal role in driving health initiatives. However, the analysis identifies systemic challenges such as gender inequality, resource constraints, and power imbalances, which undermine effective leadership and the sustainability of healthcare programs in low-resource settings. The review also highlights a Western bias in the literature and calls for more empirical leadership research focused on non-Western regions and their sub-regional differences.
Conclusion: The review emphasizes the critical role of leadership in healthcare NPOs in non-Western contexts, advocating for further exploration of context-specific leadership strategies to improve health outcomes and system performance
The Impact of Nurses' Disaster Preparedness Competencies on Public Health Center Resilience in Disaster-Prone Areas: A cross-sectional study
No full textBackground: Disaster-prone areas need resilient health centers to ensure effective health management services and emergency response during earthquakes and tsunamis. Nurses play a critical role in disaster risk reduction which is essential to improving health center resilience. Resilience includes the ability of health centers to withstand, adapt to, and recover from the effects of disasters while continuing to provide essential health services. This study examined the influence of nurses' disaster preparedness skills on health center resilience in disaster scenarios.
Methods: Using a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional study design, this study sampled 125 nurses through proportional stratified random sampling. The questionnaire was administered to assess nurses' disaster preparedness skills, including disaster understanding and policy development and planning. Data were analyzed using chi-squared and logistic regression.
Results: There was an association between understanding disaster risk (p=0.013) and policy development and planning competencies (p=0.005) with community health center resilience. Multivariate analysis showed that policy development and planning had a greater impact on community health center resilience (Exp(B)=2.992, 95%CI=1.276-7.014, p=0.012).
Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of strengthening these competencies and fostering collaboration with local governments, health institutions, communities, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to support comprehensive disaster preparedness efforts