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Exploring the impact of the introduction of School Nurses in the Social Inclusion Team for a Multi Academy Trust in the South West – a pilot study Project Evaluation Report
Full text linkSchool nurses are responsible for coordinating a team to deliver public health services for school aged children throughout the year. The fundamental role of the school nurse is to ‘co-ordinate and deliver public health interventions’ to improve children and young people’s health and wellbeing (DH, 2012; DH and PHE, 2014 p. 6). This reports on the evaluation the impact of the deployment and integration of school nurses in a Multi Academy Trust social inclusion team (SIT) using three sources of data, interviews, pupil data and team feedback. Overall, this study has the potential to demonstrate how integrating school nurses into the social inclusion team could holistically benefit students, families, and the educational community within the Multi Academy Trust
Exploring a pedagogy of place in Iceland: Students understanding of a sense of place and emerging meanings
No full textThis paper explores the educational opportunities of a pedagogy of place based on an action research project, investigating a course at the University of Iceland in the field of leisure studies. The aim was to identify what gave students an understanding of a sense of place and to find out what meanings emerged for them. Following the fieldwork course, qualitative data was collected from participants using photo-elicitation, a focus group, and a documentary analysis of student writing. The findings highlighted the need of acknowledging the location’s cultural, social, historical, and political past. Additionally, effectively translating the language used in this educational approach was found to be essential. An experiential pedagogy was valued by students when exploring and developing their sense of place. However, educators need to be aware that it takes extended, immersive experiences in nature to create opportunities for authentic, aesthetic, embodied experiences to generate deep conversations and dialogue between tutors and students. The study suggests that greater emphasis is needed on the place-responsive process, involving more opportunities for refection, empowering students to actively apply place-responsive activities themselves, and raising, and addressing, global issues such as the climate crisis, and environmental and social justice. This action research study provided the authors continued opportunities to develop their pedagogy of place
Phonetic Transcription in Clinical Practice
No full textPhonetic transcription provides the data currently considered fundamental to the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of people with atypical speech (e.g., Howard & Heselwood, 2002; Stemberger & Bernhardt, 2020). It delivers a principled approximation of the speaker's output in linear notation form which can identify areas of strength and weakness in the speaker's phonetic and phonological systems. This contributes to an understanding of a speaker's communicative profile and supports clinical decision‐making. Transcription is acknowledged to be effortful and time consuming (White et al., 2022). Providing speech samples to be transcribed can also be demanding for a speaker, especially so if they have concomitant medical and/or cognitive difficulties or if they have an inconsistent, developing or deteriorating profile requiring more frequent sampling. The Speech and Language Pathologist (SLP) needs to consider the level of detail to include in their transcription. Fortunately, the richness of acoustic information in speech, both in terms of its spectral and temporal structure, affords some discretion with regard to the type and amount of information on which to focus listening and notation. Being able to take a strategic view about which information will be most pertinent to an individual case will contribute to an efficiency and effectiveness which is axiomatic in the clinical setting. The SLP must also be sensitive to the possibility that in dealing with individual speakers there is potential for missing relevant data where collection is constrained by pre‐set criteria (Howard & Heselwood, 2002). These issues must be taken into account as they navigate the ongoing cost benefit analysis which inevitably accompanies the path to providing the speaker with an optimal outcome. This chapter considers the practice and value of clinical phonetic transcription in the clinic and in research. We start with an overview of the ways in which speech might be impaired and the range of professional issues which the SLP will need to consider for clinical purposes. We follow with a description of the notation systems most widely available, the multiple tiers of information which can be derived from a transcription and the additional information which can be provided by instrumental analysis techniques. We illustrate the value of transcription with reference to the most prevalent pediatric clinical population, that is, children with unexplained Speech Sound Disorder (SSD) and include consideration of the critical role of speech sampling in supporting effective data analysis. The chapter concludes with an appraisal of the current challenges in implementing phonetic transcription in the clinical setting
Exercise referral schemes in the UK: mapping provision and aims.
No full textExercise Referral Schemes (ERS) are designed so health professionals can refer certain patients to a supervised programme of physical activity. However, evaluations have questioned the effectiveness of these schemes/programmes. The aim of this study was to systematically review the provision of ERS in England and analyse related promotional material. Content analysis methods were used to analyse scheme websites and promotional material. A coding scheme was used to analyse the data, which included information on the programme's aims, inclusion criteria, type of activities, accessibility and cost. The study identified 625 sites offering ERS across 168 geographic areas. Findings highlighted a lack of clarity in what constitutes a scheme. Over a third of schemes did not explicitly state their aims, but of those that did, the focus was mainly on notions of physical and mental health benefits. This study is the first to review the scope and offer of ERS in the UK by examining promotional material and highlights issues around the stated aims of ERS. More clarity on aims is needed in the material that promotes the schemes and most likely within the schemes themselves. Such improvements could make a difference when considering engagement with delivery stakeholders and potential participants. [Abstract copyright: © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected].
Systematic review of types of safety incidents and the processes and systems used for safety incident reporting in care homes
Full text linkAims
To identify the safety incident reporting systems and processes used within care homes to capture staff reports of safety incidents, and the types and characteristics of safety incidents captured by safety incident reporting systems.
Design
Systematic review following PRISMA reporting guidelines.
Methods
Databases were searched January 2023 for studies published after year 2000, written in English, focus on care homes, and incident reporting systems. Data were extracted using a bespoke data extraction tool and quality assessed. Data were analysed descriptively and using narrative synthesis, with types and characteristics of incidents analysed using the International Classification for Patient Safety.
Data sources
Databases were CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, HMIC, ASSISA, Nursing & Allied Health Database, MedNar and OpenGrey.
Results
We identified 8,150 papers with 106 studies eligible for inclusion, all conducted in high-income countries. Numerous incident reporting processes and systems were identified. Using modalities, typical incident reporting systems captured all types of incidents via electronic computerised reporting, with reports made by nursing staff and captured information about patient demographics, the incident, and post-incident actions, whilst some reporting systems included medication- and falls-specific information. Reports were most often used to summarise data and identify trends. Incidents categories most often were patient behaviour, clinical process / procedure, documentation, medication / intravenous fluids, and falls. Various contributing and mitigating factors and actions to reduce risk were identified. The most reported action to reduce risk was to improve safety culture. Individual outcomes were often reported, but social / economic impact of incidents and organisational outcomes were rarely reported.
Conclusions
This review has demonstrated a complex picture of incident reporting in care homes with evidence limited to high-income countries, highlighting a significant knowledge gap. The findings emphasise the central role of nursing staff in reporting safety incidents and the lack of standardised reporting systems and processes.
Implications for the profession and/or patient care
The findings from this study can inform the development or adaptation of safety incident reporting systems in care home settings, which is of relevance for nurses, care home managers, commissioners and regulators. This can help to improve patient care by identifying common safety issues across various types of care home and inform learning responses, which require further research.
Impact
This study addresses a gap in the literature on the systems and processes used to report safety incidents in care homes across many countries, and provides a comprehensive overview of safety issues identified via incident reporting.
Reporting method
PRISMA
Patient or public contribution
A member of the research team is a patient and public representative, involved from study conception.
What does this paper contribute to the wider global clinical community?
•Provides the first global review of literature on safety incident reporting in care homes, providing recommendations for research including the need for research on safety incident reporting in low- and middle-income countries.
•Identifies and reports on key safety issues in care homes that are currently identified via safety incident reporting, including patient behaviour, clinical processes and procedures, documentation, medication and intravenous fluids, and falls. The paper also identifies that social and economic outcomes are rarely captured in research which utilises safety incident reporting data.
•Highlights that nurses have a significant role to play in care home safety incident reporting, in keeping with their overall focus on safety work and safety leadership within care home settings
English-Vietnamese Translation Strategies of Subtitles Involving Humor in the TV Series “Modern Family”
No full textThe study aims to (a) identify the joke types in the TV series “Modern Family” (Season 1) and (b) analyze the different strategies used by fansubbers to translate the jokes. Accordingly, Raphaelson-West’s (1989) model of joke types and summative content analysis were employed to analyse 100 joke samples. Results showed all three types of universal, cultural, and linguistic jokes were found in the first season with universal jokes accounting for the largest number. Six main strategies were applied to translate the jokes, including literal translation, explicitation, loan, compensation, transposition, and lexical recreation. As the most popular strategy, literal translation was proved to effectively render universal jokes only. Meanwhile, regarding cultural and linguistic jokes, strategies such as compensation, transposition, and lexical recreation, although being used at a much lower frequency, helped to create a kind of dynamic equivalence and ensured there was wordplay somewhere near the source language pun
Better Tomorrows Programme: More young people in Cumbria getting access to quality youth work - Evaluation Report – Year 2
Full text linkKey highlights: As a result of the Better Tomorrows programme, by the end of year 2:
• Over 4000 new young people engaged in youth work.
• 36 newly qualified youth workers.
• 38 new youth work jobs funded across Cumbria.
• Nearly 12,000 hours of new youth work provision.
Context: The Better Tomorrows programme is a three-year initiative in Cumbria, launched in 2021, which aims to increase the number of trained youth workers and increase the number of young people who get access to quality youth work. It is supported by Cumbria Community Foundation, Cumbria Youth Alliance, Francis Scott Charitable Trust, and over 40 funders who have invested in the programme. The programme aims to empower young people through high-quality youth work, fostering their confidence, skills, and aspirations.
Method: The Better Tomorrows programme aims to provide quality youth work opportunities for young people in Cumbria. The evaluation focuses on three main areas: training, youth work jobs, and improving young people's lives, aiming to provide a holistic understanding of the programme and capture both intended and unintended outcomes. For more details on the background and method for the evaluation, please see the Year 1 repor
The impact of mentoring in higher education on student career development: a systematic review and research agenda
Full text linkStudies published over the last four decades provide the basis for a systematic review of the impact of mentoring in higher education (HE) on student career development. We review 73 papers published between 1986 and 2023 and develop a framework to examine the relationships between mentoring approaches and career development outcomes. Here, we distinguish between different student populations (female students, under-represented groups). Notwithstanding an overall positive verdict on mentoring's career development potential, with particular emphasis on career choice and transitioning behaviour, the results are not always positive, and many nuances in the data are evident. At a time of increased concern about student transitions into the labour market, practical implications can be derived which may strengthen mentoring's benefits, e.g. the value of peer mentoring for female students, and cultural proximity of mentors for under-represented minority students pursuing Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) careers. Key research recommendations include:(1) developing novel impact indicators related to emotion such as career inspiration and passion; (2) examining under-researched impact indicators related to non-traditional student careers (e.g. entrepreneurial intentions), and employment and socioeconomic impact indicators; and (3) investigating the role of context and mentoring content and delivery modalities, in helping to explain inconsistent findings across the reviewed papers
Care Home Safety Incidents and Safeguarding Reports Relating to Hospital to Care Home Transitions: A Retrospective Content Analysis
No full textObjective The purpose of this study was to further the understanding of reported patient safety events at the interface between hospital and care home including what active failings and latent conditions were present and how reporting helped learning. Methods Two care home organizations, one in the North East and one in the South West of England, participated in the study. Reports relating to a transition and where a patient safety event had occurred were sought during the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) virus prepandemic and intrapandemic periods. All reports were screened for eligibility and analyzed using content analysis. Results Seventeen South West England care homes and 15 North East England care homes sent 114 safety incident reports and after screening 91 were eligible for review. A hospital discharge transition (n = 78, 86%) was most common. Pressure damage (n = 29, 32%), medication errors (n = 26, 29%) and premature discharge (n = 21, 23%) contributed to 84% of the total reporting. Many ‘active failings’ (n = 340) were identified with fewer latent conditions (failings) (n = 14, 15%) being reported. No examples of individual learning were identified. Organization and systems learning were identified in 12 reports (n = 12, 13%). Conclusions The findings highlight potentially high levels of underreporting. The most common safety incidents reported were pressure damage, medication errors, and premature discharge. Many active failings causing numerous staff actions were identified emphasizing the cost to patients and services. Additionally, latent conditions (failings) were not emphasized; similarly, evidence of learning from safety incidents was not addressed
Exercise referral schemes in the UK: mapping provision and aims
No full textBackground Exercise Referral Schemes (ERS) are designed so health professionals can refer certain patients to a supervised programme of physical activity. However, evaluations have questioned the effectiveness of these schemes/programmes. The aim of this study was to systematically review the provision of ERS in England and analyse related promotional material. Methods Content analysis methods were used to analyse scheme websites and promotional material. A coding scheme was used to analyse the data, which included information on the programme’s aims, inclusion criteria, type of activities, accessibility and cost. Results The study identified 625 sites offering ERS across 168 geographic areas. Findings highlighted a lack of clarity in what constitutes a scheme. Over a third of schemes did not explicitly state their aims, but of those that did, the focus was mainly on notions of physical and mental health benefits. Conclusions This study is the first to review the scope and offer of ERS in the UK by examining promotional material and highlights issues around the stated aims of ERS. More clarity on aims is needed in the material that promotes the schemes and most likely within the schemes themselves. Such improvements could make a difference when considering engagement with delivery stakeholders and potential participants