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Depressive symptoms in high-performance athletes and non-athletes: a comparative meta-analysis
Get PDFObjective
To assess whether a difference exists in the
prevalence of mild or more severe depressive symptoms
between high-performance athletes and non-athletes.
Design
Comparative OR meta-analysis.
Data sources
We searched PsycINFO, PubMed,
MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar, as
well as the reference lists of reviews of mental health
issues in high-performance athletes.
Eligibility
We included studies that compared highperformance
athletes and non-athletes, included a
validated measure of depressive symptoms and included
the prevalence of individuals who indicated at least mild
depressive symptoms.
Results
Five articles reporting data from 1545 highperformance
athletes and 1811 non-athletes were
examined. A comparative OR meta-analysis found
high-performance athletes were no more likely than
non-athletes to report mild or more severe depressive
symptoms (OR=1.15, 95% CI=0.954 to 1.383,
p=0.145). Male high-performance athletes (n=940) were
no more likely than male non-athletes (n=605) to report
mild or more severe depressive symptoms (OR=1.17,
95% CI=0.839 to 1.616, p=0.362). For females,
high-performance athletes (n=948) were no more
likely than non-athletes (n=605) to report mild or more
severe depressive symptoms (OR=1.11, 95% CI=0.846
to 1.442, p=0.464). Overall, male high-performance
athletes (n=874) were 52% less likely to report mild or
more severe depressive symptoms than female highperformance
athletes (n=705) (OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.369
to 0.621, p<0.001).
Summary/conclusions
High-performance athletes
were just as likely as non-athletes to report depressive
symptoms. Researchers need to move beyond self-report
measures of depressive symptoms and examine the
prevalence of clinically diagnosed depressive disorders in
athletes
Protein and Energy Intakes Are Skewed toward the Evening among Children and Adolescents in the United States: NHANES 2013–2014
No full textBackground: Emerging evidence suggests that the timing, amount at individual eating occasions, and distribution of protein and energy intakes throughout the day may affect health.
Objective: We examined the timing, amounts, and distribution of protein and energy intakes throughout the day among participants aged 4–18 y in the United States in the context of chronobiology and nutrition.
Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 2532 participants aged 4–18 y who completed the first interviewer-administered 24-h dietary recall in NHANES 2013–2014. Descriptive statistics for intakes across the day were provided as percentiles, means ± SEMs, and percentages of nonconsumers. Statistical differences between intakes across the day were tested with the use of individual-level fixed-effects regression models. Cumulative distribution functions were used to examine the timing of the first and last caloric eating occasion.
Results: Mean ± SEM protein (grams) and energy (percentage of the day) intakes were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the evening than in the morning among all age groups. The percentage of participants aged 4–8, 9–13, and 14–18 y who had their first eating occasion at or after 1100 was 4%, 14%, and 20%, respectively, and the percentage who had their last eating occasion at or after 2100 was 8%, 19%, and 34%, respectively.
Conclusions: Protein and energy intakes among participants aged 4–18 y in this study were largest in the evening and midday and smallest in the morning and afternoon. Clinical trials are needed to assess any potential impact such dietary behaviors may have on health outcomes related to metabolic dysfunction in children and adolescents
Rethinking Outdoor, Experiential and Informal Education: Beyond the Confines
No full textThis book seeks to bring together the two disciplines of informal and outdoor education, and challenges readers to think differently about outdoor and adventure education. It develops core ideas and thinking about informal education within outdoor settings, and explores how its principles and practice can enhance outdoor education.
A wide range of contributors look in detail at the concept of change in the outdoors, whilst also considering the ways in which this expanding field might exploit opportunities offered to young people and adults to engage in reflective informal education. It encourages outdoor educators to experience their immediate surroundings in new and innovative ways and grasp the challenge of promoting a sustainable lifestyle.
Offering a fresh perspective on shifting the outdoor education agenda from that of skills acquisition and ‘narrow learning’ to the social and political, as well as aesthetic and philosophical opportunities embodied within the outdoor experience, this book will be valuable reading for those studying or working in the field of outdoor education
From student to graduate: four learners’ perspectives of the professional doctorate journey
Get PDFThis paper presents a consideration of the experiences and perspectives of four female academics who are the first
graduates of a new Professional Doctorate programme at a university in the South West of England. The authors position
themselves simultaneously as researchers and research participants, engaging in collaborative autoethnography to reflect
critically on their experiences. Key issues are identified, including the need to navigate some significant shifts in identity
throughout the doctorate, and how the course structure and peer relationships supported each of the authors to reach
their end goal – the successful completion of their studies. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential
implications of the authors’ experiences for leaders of professional doctorates. These include student/lecturer contracts
and actively facilitating opportunities for students to establish relationships for peer support
Participatory Evaluation in Youth and Community Work
No full textEvaluation is an essential element of professional practice. However, there is little in the literature that is designed to help students involve and support young people in evaluating the impact of youth work activities. This comprehensive book explores current thinking about evaluation in the context of youth work and community work and offers both theoretical understanding and practical guidance for students, practitioners, organisational leaders and commissioners.
Part 1 provides underpinning knowledge of the origins, purpose and functions of evaluation. It charts the developments in evaluation thinking over the past 50 years, and includes an exploration of ‘theory of change’. Concepts such as impact, impact measurement and shared measurement are critically examined to illustrate the political nature of evaluation. Findings from empirical research are used to illuminate the challenges of applying a quasi-experimental paradigm of evaluation of youth and community work. Part 2 introduces the reader to participatory evaluation and presents an overview of the histories, rationale and underpinning principles. Empowerment evaluation, collaborative evaluation and democratic evaluation are examined in detail, including practice examples. Transformative Evaluation, an approach specifically designed for youth and community work, is presented. Part 3 focuses on the ‘doing’ of participatory evaluation and offers guidance to those new to participatory evaluation in youth and community work and a helpful check for those already engaging. It provides valuable information on planning, methods, data and data analysis and processes for sharing knowledge.
This essential text will enable the reader to reconstruct evaluation as a tool for learning as well as a tool for judging value. It provides a comprehensive reference, drawing on a wide range of literature and practice examples to support those involved in youth and community work to develop and implement participatory approaches to evaluating and communicating the meaning and value of youth and community work to a wider audience
Living with severe asthma year 2016
No full textObjective: To assess the impact of severe asthma on daily life (asthma control, activity, psychological aspects, treatment).
Methods: Data were collected from 1333 adults and children (through caregivers) with severe persistent asthma in 9 countries through an online survey done by GfK on behalf of Novartis in 2016 (Table 1a).
Results: Severe asthmatics were diagnosed by respiratory physicians (42%), general practitioners (30%), allergists (21%) and paediatricians (6%). On average, adults were diagnosed 15 years ago, adolescents 7 years and pediatrics 3 years ago. As per patients’ knowledge, 47% were non-allergic. A large discrepancy was seen between real-life control according to GINA guidelines (6%) and self-estimated control (42%). In the previous year, 73% of patients experienced exacerbations that required treatment from a healthcare professional (emergency room, ambulance, physician at home); 34% had ≥2 exacerbations (13%, three; 7%, four; 3%, five; 11%, more than 5). On an average, 20 days of OCS use was reported in the last 6 months. The impact on psychology and activities is shown in Table 1b.
Conclusions: Although asthma control is GINA’s main goal, severe asthmatics are uncontrolled with poor quality of life as reflected in their psychological profile and everyday activities. There is a strong disconnect between perceived and actual asthma control. More action is needed to help severe asthmatics achieve control and live normal unrestricted lives
Running smoothly
Get PDFSarah Catlow, MFHT and Lance Doggart, MFHT discuss running injuries and prevention strategies
The curious case of adults’ interpretations of violation-of-expectation false belief scenarios
Get PDFThe interpretations of infants’ non-verbal responses in violation-of-expectation (VOE) false belief scenarios are subject to intense theoretical debate. In Experiment 1, adults provided online narratives for VOE scenarios meant to tap understanding of false beliefs about object location, perception and identity. Adults provided cognitively-oriented narratives for the location scenario when instructed to track beliefs and, for this scenario only, participants evaluated the unexpected outcome as unexpected and the expected outcome as expected. Adults had mixed views about the perception scenario, and judged the identity scenario where the agent acted in violation of his belief as being reasonable. Experiment 2 confirmed that when the identity scenario was turned into an action task that was time-pressured, adults failed to act in a belief-based manner. We should be cautious in drawing firm conclusions about mentalizing in infancy when adults’ narratives and estimates of the expectedness of outcome events suggest that only certain VOE scenarios were interpreted in their intended fashion
Restless legs syndrome is contributing to fatigue and low quality of life levels in hemodialysis patients
Get PDFAIM:
To examine whether hemodialysis (HD) patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) are subjects of greater fatigue and impaired quality of life (QoL) compared to HD patients without RLS.
METHODS:
Eighty five stable HD patients participated in this study. According to their RLS status, the patients were divided into the RLS group (n = 23) and the non-RLS group (n = 62). QoL, fatigue, sleep quality, daily sleepiness and depression symptoms were assessed by using various questionnaires. Finally, biochemical parameters including iron, ferritin, hemoglobin, hematocrit and parathormone were assessed.
RESULTS:
The HD patients with RLS scored worse in all the questionnaires used in the study (P < 0.05). The patients with RLS were more likely to receive the HD therapy on the morning shift, whilst 43.5% of the RLS patients reported to experience the RLS symptoms also during HD. The severity of RLS was correlated with fatigue, depression score and sleep quality (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION:
HD patients with RLS are subject to lower QoL related parameters and greater fatigue compared to HD patients without RLS. RLS should be successfully managed in order to improve the QoL of the sufferers