CREA Journals (Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria)
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An approach to public involvement in forest landscape planning in Italy: a case study and its evaluation
Get PDFIn Italy, in the last decade, there have been both new social requests and an ever-increasing sensitivity towards the multiplicity of values attributed to forests. This has led to a profound revision of the structure of forest planning. This paper illustrates the planning system, characterised by a hierarchical approach, focusing on the upper level, that is Forest Landscape Management Plan (FLMP). At this level of planning, attention to the different needs and targets expressed by the population is considered of strategic importance and thus requires a participative attitude. In the first part of the paper the authors show the approach currently used in forest landscape planning, through a case study carried out in a rural area of the Appennine mountains, focusing in particular on the method established for the process of participation. In the second part, the quality of participation in the case study is analysed, after describing the methodology followed in order to identify a set of criteria for success, deemed particularly relevan
A CHECKLIST OF THE SCALE INSECTS (HEMIPTERA COCCOMORPHA) IN LUXEMBOURG
Get PDFA list of the scale insects recorded by the author in Luxembourg is reported. The list reports 34 species belonging to 25 genera in 7 families. Of these, 21 species are new records for the country. The recorded species show mainly Cosmopolitan and Palaearctic distribution. Most numerous families are the Coccidae, Diaspididae and Pseudococcidae
BIO-ECOLOGY OF CEDAR SCALE INSECT TOROSASPIS CEDRICOLA (BALACHOWSKY & ALKAN) (HEMIPTERA DIASPIDIDAE) IN ANKARA, TURKEY
Get PDFLebanon cedar, Cedrus libani A. Rich. (Pinaceae) is a significant tree from the historical, cultural, aesthetic, scientific and economic perspectives. It is presently found primarily in the Taurus Mountains with extensive and magnificent forests. Also, it has been frequently used as ornamental tree in urban areas in Turkey and abroad. Cedar scale, Torosaspis cedricola, (Balachowsky & Alkan) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is one of the important pests of cedar trees particularly in urban ecosystem. The bio-ecology of T. cedricola on C. libani is examined four localities during the years 2008 and 2009 in Ankara. T. cedricola has two generations in a year and overwinters as mated females. The sex ratio of T. cedricola is changed 1.8:1-4.8:1 (♀:♂) all study areas in both generation and the sex ratio is strongly biased towards female that occur on cedar needles only. The first generation crawlers emerged in late May but the second brood L1 in late July. Adalia bipunctata (L.), Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.), Exochomus quadripustulatus (L.), Harmonia quadripunctata (Pont) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Cybocephalus fodori minor (Endrödy) (Coleoptera: Cybocephalidae) were determined as predator of the scale, while Diaspiniphagus moeris (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was only parasitioid species as natural enemy of T. cedricola. Natural enemies had a negligible effect on populations of T. cedricola in Ankara
ROLE OF CARBOHYDRATES AND PROTEINS IN MAXIMIZING PRODUCTIVITY IN ALPHITOBIUS DIAPERINUS (COLEOPTERA TENEBRIONIDAE)
Get PDFAmong all Tenebrionidae beetles Alphitobius diaperinus is considered a good choice for high-scale facility production of feed and food. It is widely considered that studies regarding the impact of the different dietary components on growth performances are very few and focused only on certain aspects, e.g. problems connected to the harmfulness of this species for stored products (rearing to test insecticides, studies about dietary preferences regarding different cereals). The real role of the different dietary components was never evaluated in order to better comprehend how to project diets that maximize productivity (maximum number of specimen as function of time). Research on the role of proteins and carbohydrates ascertained that a high protein content is required to obtain the best growth performances for this species. Carbohydrates also play a key role, though secondary to proteins.The diets thus obtained establish an important starting point for future formulations aimed at obtaining useful insects for feed and also for human consumption, soon to be legalized worldwide
DETERMINATION OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND LIFE TABLE PARAMETERS OF RHYZOBIUS LOPHANTHAE BLAISDELL (COLEOPTERA COCCINELLIDAE) ON THREE ARMORED SCALE INSECTS (HEMIPTERA DIASPIDIDAE)
Get PDFScale insects are the most damaging pests of citrus production in Turkey. Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a polyphagous coccinellid, is one of the most important predators of these pests. In this study, the life tables of R. lophanthae on three different armored scale insects, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), Aspidiotus nerii Bouché, Chrysomphalus dictiyospermi (Morgan) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), were produced. The study was conducted in a climate chamber under constant conditions of 26°C, 60% relative humidity and 16-hour photoperiod.The net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and mean generation time (T0) were 36.027, 12.520 and 6.600 females/female/generation, 0.120, 0.061 and 0.041 females/female/day, and 30.005, 41.151, 45.826 days, respectively, when R. lophanthae was reared on A. nerii, C. dictiyospermi and A. aurantii, respectively. The doubling time (DT) and finite rates of increase (λ) were 5.803, 11.286 and 16.832 days, 1.127, 1.063 and 1.042 individuals/female/day, respectively, when R. lophanthae was reared on A. nerii, C. dictiyospermi and A. aurantii, respectively
Indicators of sustainable forest management: application and assessment
Get PDFReport of the international project Life ManForCBD
Factors affecting branch wound occlusion and associated decay following pruning – a case study with wild cherry (Prunus avium L.)
Get PDFPruning wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a common silvicultural practice carried out to produce valuable timber at a veneer wood quality. Sub-optimal pruning treatments can permit un-occluded pruning wounds to develop devaluing decay. The aim of this study is to determine relevant branch, tree and pruning characteristics affecting the occlusion process of pruning wounds. Important factors influencing occlusion time for an optimised pruning treatment for valuable timber production utilising wild cherry are derived. 85 artificially pruned branches originating from ten wild cherry trees were retrospectively analysed. Branch stub length, branch diameter and radial stem increment during occlusion were found to be significant predictors for occlusion time. From the results it could be concluded that for the long term success of artificial pruning of wild cherry it is crucial to (i) keep branch stubs short (while avoiding damage to the branch collar), (ii) to enable the tree to maintain significant radial growth after pruning, (iii) to avoid large pruning wounds (>2.5 cm) by removing steeply angled and fast growing branches at an early stage
Effects of cryopreservation and freeze-drying on proteases enzymatic activity of entomopathogenic strains of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin.
Get PDFBeauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae are fungal species known for their entomopathogenic activity; they represent an important alternative to chemical control of many pest insects and appropriate preservation methods are thus necessary to maintain their properties over time. In the present study the effects of cryopreservation and freezedrying were investigated on virulence determinants such as proteases and specifically on subtilisin-type Pr 1 and Pr 2 that seem to play a predominant role in insect fungal penetration. Three Metharizium anisopliae strains (M 13/ I05, M 13/ I12 and M 13/ I33) and three Beauveria bassiana strains (B 13/ I03, B 13/ I57 and B 13/ I63) were tested. Data obtained from our experiments show that the decrease of Pr 1 and Pr 2 enzymatic activity in B. bassiana and M. anisopliae strains 7 months after storage does not affect their entomopathogenic ability against larvae of Tenebrio molitor compared to the fresh cultures before storage. The role of Pr 1 and Pr 2 as predominant factors in the entomopathogenicity of both fungal species is discussed. No significant differences were found in any strain tested for morphological features using both preservation methods
Review of the genus Cryptophagus Herbst, 1863 (Coleoptera Cryptophagidae) from Georgia.
Get PDFCryptophagus axillaris Reitter, 1875 from Savekuo Cave is recorded for the beetle fauna of the Caucasus for the first time, while C. lycoperdi (Scopoli, 1763) from Bichvinta (=Pitsunda) is a new record for Georgian beetle fauna. Twenty five species of the Cryptophagus beetles are recorded in Georgia. Sampling data and distribution map for the genus Cryptophagus species are given. Identification key to the genus Cryptophagus in Georgia is provided
An effective method for Graphosoma lineatum (L.) long-term rearing.
Get PDFA simple and time-saving technique for an effective and continuous rearing of Graphosoma lineatum (L.) (Heteroptera Pentatomidae), an alternative host for Trissolcus spp. and Ooencyrtus spp. production, was set for entomological research and maintained for a long period. Insects were maintained in containers as rearing units; 100x35x35cm cages hosted adults; 40x30x30cm cages hosted nymphs. Graphosoma lineatum was fed on seeds of Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Anethum graveolens L. and Pimpinella anisum L. Moreover, potted young plants of F. vulgare were also used as additional food source. Water for insects and plants was provided by small automatic irrigation systems. When each colony cage reached the density of 100 adult couples, the number of oviposited batches was followed up for 12 weeks. Batches laid per cage were approximately one hundred per week. Therefore the overall weekly production of six adult cages was about 8400 eggs. This technique was plain and cost effective, allowing a constant egg production throughout the year.