Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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A Cross Sectional Study to Compare Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl as An Adjuvants to Intrathecal Bupivacaine in Orthopaedic Procedure in Lower Limbs
Get PDFBACKGROUND
Orthopaedic procedures involving the lower limb requires effective pain management. One commonly used technique is the administration of Intrathecal Bupivacaine, a local anaesthetic, to provide spinal anaesthesia. To enhance the analgesic effect of intrathecal Bupivacaine, adjuvant such as Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl have been investigated. Dexmedetomidine is a selective A2- adrenergic against with sedative analgesia and sympatholytic properties. It has been shown to prolong the duration of analgesia when added to local anaesthetics in various regional anaesthesia techniques. Fentanyl, a potent opioid analgesic, is commonly used as an adjunct to spinal anaesthesia to improve postoperative pain control.
The purpose of the study is to compare the efficacy of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl added to intrathecal Bupivacaine in Orthopaedic procedures in lower limbs.
The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl as an adjuvant to intrathecal Bupivacaine in orthopaedic procedures in lower limbs.
METHODS
The study was conducted in 40 patients belonging to either gender who scheduled for lower limb orthopaedic surgeries under Spinal Anesthesia. After obtaining informed consent from each patient, the patients were selected and divided into two, group BD and group BF, each group containing 20 patients.
Group BD was given 2.8ml of Bupivacaine + 5mcg of Dexmedetomidine )0.05ml +0.15ml of Normal saline). Group BF was given 2.8ml of Bupivacaine + 0.2ml of Fentanyl.
RESULTS
The duration of sensory block lasted significantly longer in Group BD (251 ± 14.79) compared to Group BF (216 ± 11.94) showing p value <0.0001 significant. Similarly, duration of analgesia was also found to be longer in Group BD (288 ± 13.26) compared to Group BF (242 ± 18.8) showing p value <0.0001 significant.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of our observational study, conclusions were drawn that using Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to Bupivacaine for intrathecal analgesia in lower limb surgeries has longer duration of sensory and motor block, longer postoperative analgesia with low side effects
Controlling Effect of Food Dyes used World Wide on Colour Stability of Orthodontic Composite Bracket- An in vitro study
Get PDFT Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the colour stability of esthetic orthodontic composite bracket after immersion in various food dyes and its control measurement. Composite bracket were immersed into four different solutions: coffee, tea, turmeric, coca cola solution. Sample was kept at in 37 degree Celsius. Colour reading were evaluated after T0, T1 (24 hour), T2 (72 hour), T3 (144 hour) immersion .all examined orthodontic bracket showed a significant difference in discoloration and for controlling effect of food dyes same orthodontic composite bracket are brushed using hydrogen peroxide dentifrice for 30 days.
Objective: To asses colour stability of esthetic orthodontic composite bracket after immersion in various food dyes and control measures.
Material and Method: Orthodontic composite bracket were divided into 4 group n= 4, each group contains 4 orthodontic composite bracket and the solution in which they were immersed (coffee, tea, turmeric, coke). Chromatic changes were analyzed with the aid of visual inspection at four specific time intervals. First assessment was as received from manufacturer calibrated as T0. Thereafter 24 hour T1, 72 hour T3, 144 hour T4. Readings were observed. the stained orthodontic bracket was removed from the solution the specimen immersed in food dyes were brushed for and brushed with dentifrice containing hydrogen peroxide 1 min daily with hydrogen, stored in artificial saliva until next day, the cycle was repeated for 30 days after this bracket were brushed for 30 days using hydrogen peroxide containing dentifrice, the colour assessment was done using visual assessment.
Conclusion: Orthodontic composite bracket shows colour variation when exposed to food dyes like turmeric coffee, black tea, coca-cola. Maximum staining reported with turmeric followed by coffee, coca- cola and tea. Hydrogen peroxide containing dentifrice reduces stain within clinically perceptible range.he cosmetic manufacturing industry of India is rapidly expanding, driven by rising consumer demand, formulation innovations, and globalization. However, India’s Cosmetic Industry requires many approvals before it can fully commence. One of which is the approval from the Central Pollution Control Board. The Central Pollution Control Board engages in an essential regulatory role in mitigating the environmental impacts through frameworks such as Consent to Establish and Consent to Operate. This article meticulously examines the environmental regulations imposed on cosmetic manufacturers, the pollution index score-based classification of industry sectors, and the effluents and emissions treatment measures. It highlights recent regulatory developments, technological interventions for sustainability, and compliance challenges, offering recommendations for a more harmonized and environmentally conscious cosmetic industry in India
Study on Quality of Life and Productivity in Post Menopausal Women.
Get PDFBackground:
The overall health and well-being of middle-aged women have become a significant public health concern worldwide. More than 80% of women experience physical or psychological symptoms in the years when they approach menopause, with various distresses and disturbances in their lives, leading to a decrease in the quality of life.
Materials and methods:
It is a prospective Observational Questionnaire-based study, conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SVIMS-SPMC (W), Tirupati. The data collected included knowledge, assessment, and perception questionnaires about menopausal symptoms, which were given to each participant who enrolled in the study. They were all instructed to complete the questionnaires.
Results:
For somatic difficulties, 32.7% reported moderate symptoms, 19.7% reported psychological symptoms, and 22.75% indicated urogenital problems. 26.5% of people\u27s quality of life and 24.25% of people\u27s productivity were affected by this degree of severity. The prevalence of severe symptoms was lower, with 6.5% reporting severe urogenital problems, 10.3% expressing severe somatic symptoms, and 4.57% reporting severe psychological symptoms.
At this level, 5.33% reported a major reduction in quality of life, while 3.25% experienced a considerable fall in productivity.
Conclusion:
Post-menopausal women had a significant prevalence of menopausal symptoms, according to the study, which highlights the need for proactive care and more awareness
"Dementia: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, And Management"
Get PDFIntroduction:Dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by a decline in memory, cognition, and behavioral functioning, ultimately leading to loss of independence. With Alzheimer’s disease being the most prevalent form, dementia presents in various subtypes, each with distinct clinical and pathological features.
Objectives:This review aims to comprehensively explore the types of dementia, elucidate the underlying pathophysiology, identify key risk factors, examine current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and highlight future directions in research and management.
Methods:An extensive literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed articles, clinical guidelines, and epidemiological studies related to dementia. Data were analyzed to identify trends in disease prevalence, diagnostic advancements, and therapeutic approaches.
Results:Alzheimer’s disease accounts for 60–80% of dementia cases, characterized by amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Other forms include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Major risk factors include aging, cardiovascular conditions, depression, genetic mutations, and environmental influences. Advances in biomarkers, neuroimaging, and molecular diagnostics have enhanced early detection, though diagnostic challenges remain. Current pharmacological treatments provide symptomatic relief but fail to halt disease progression. Non-pharmacological interventions and caregiver support significantly improve patient quality of life.
Conclusion:The global burden of dementia is escalating, with cases projected to surpass 130 million by 2050. Tackling this public health crisis requires early diagnosis, integrated care, supportive policies, and sustained research into disease-modifying therapies. Future breakthroughs in diagnostics and treatment offer hope for improved outcomes and quality of life for patients and caregivers alike
Modeling the Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Urban Adolescent Girls: A Public Health Assessment with Differential Insights
Get PDFIron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent micronutrient disorder globally, and adolescent girls are one of the most at-risk groups due to heightened physiological demands during puberty. The review synthesizes the prevalence of IDA in adolescent girls aged 10–19 years residing in urban settings, compiling evidence from national nutrition surveys, World Health Organization (WHO) databases, and peer-reviewed epidemiological studies conducted in various urban settings. The research has a cross-sectional design, applying WHO diagnostic cut-offs for serum ferritin and hemoglobin to assess the prevalence of iron deficiency. The results provide a consistently high prevalence rate of 25% to 50% in various urban settings, driven by socio-economic disparities, inadequate dietary consumption, and menstrual blood loss. A comparative examination between India\u27s National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) and the CDC\u27s National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) reveals striking age-related patterns and socio-behavioral determinants. The research calls attention to the persisting inequality in anemia control among adolescents during worldwide nutrition interventions. Age-targeted, culturally tailored public health interventions integrated into school health systems are necessary to reduce IDA burden among urban adolescents. A simple differential model is introduced to illustrate the rate of change in hemoglobin concentration due to dietary intake and menstrual losses in adolescents, emphasizing physiological vulnerability.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.1.916
Analysis of Patient Dropout Rates After Initial Periodontal Therapy: A 5-Year Institutional Review
Get PDFBackground: Patient compliance plays a critical role in the success of periodontal therapy. However, dropout during or after initial therapy is a frequent and under-reported barrier in clinical outcomes.
Aim: To analyse the patient dropout rates following initial periodontal therapy and identify associated demographic, clinical, and treatment-related factors in a 5-year institutional retrospective study.
Methods: Records of patients who underwent periodontal therapy between January 2019 and December 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, clinical diagnosis, treatment type, operator level, and follow-up compliance were recorded. Dropout was defined as failure to return for ≥6 months post-Phase I therapy.
Results: Out of 850 patients included, 317 (37.3%) were identified as dropouts. Higher dropout rates were associated with younger age (<35 years), smoking status, and treatment by undergraduate students. Cost, resolution of symptoms, and lack of communication were common reasons for dropout.
Conclusion: Patient dropout after initial therapy remains a significant challenge, influenced by socioeconomic and provider-related factors. Tailored follow-up strategies and better patient education may reduce these rates
From Bench to Bedside: Advances in the Synthesis of Dibenzosuberane Derivatives and Enhanced Bioactivity
Get PDFDibenzosuberane and dibenzosuberenone scaffolds are widely recognized as important structural frameworks in modern medicinal chemistry and in the synthesis of diverse organic compounds. This review summarizes recent synthetic strategies used to prepare dibenzosuberane and dibenzosuberenone derivatives and discusses their significant biological activities, including potent antidepressant, anticonvulsant, antiproliferative and other pharmacological properties. This study provides a precise overview of suberane and suberenone pharmaceuticals and their wider industrial applications.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i4.922
Design, Optimization, And Hepatoprotective Evaluation of a Novel Herbal Capsule Using Factorial Design
Get PDFThe present study explores the formulation and evaluation of a polyherbal capsule comprising equal ratios of Ludwigia adscendens, Launaea pinnatifida, and Carica papaya extracts. Granules were prepared using a wet granulation method and encapsulated in size "00" hard gelatin capsules. A 3² full factorial design was employed to optimize the concentrations of ethyl cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose. The optimized formulation demonstrated acceptable pre-compression parameters (bulk density: 0.38 ± 0.05 g/cm³, angle of repose: 39.36 ± 2.67°) and capsule characteristics (disintegration time: 11 ± 0.34 min, moisture content: 3.6 ± 0.22%). Stability studies confirmed formulation integrity over three months. In vivo evaluations revealed no acute toxicity at doses up to 2000 mg/kg. The polyherbal formulation showed significant hepatoprotective effects against paracetamol and CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats, evidenced by normalized serum markers (AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin), improved antioxidant status (SOD, GSH), reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA), and histological restoration of liver architecture. These findings suggest the formulation as a promising hepatoprotective agent with good stability and safety profiles
Use of Quality by Design (QbD) Approach in Orodispersible Tablet Formulation of Fidaxomicin
Get PDFThe aim behind development of 200 mg Fidaxomicin formulation is to provide cost-effective and innocuous formulation for the pediatric population using Quality by design (QbD) approach to enhance stability and bioavailability. The formulation, comprising fidaxomicin and excipients like microcrystalline cellulose and croscarmellose sodium, was designed for rapid disintegration and high absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, improving efficacy in neonates. Multiple risk factors like physical stability of dispersion system and oral bioavailability are taken into consideration while developing this suspension using orodispersible tablet formulation. The QbD methodology defined critical quality attributes (CQAs) such as dissolution, microbial limits, and content uniformity, ensuring consistent performance while conducting the quantitative and qualitative studies on three batches. Taste optimization with artificial chocolate flavor enhanced pediatric acceptability. Dissolution studies showed over 92% release within 5 minutes, and compatibility studies verified excipient stability. The manufacturing process, utilizing dry granulation and compression, achieved robust tablet characteristics. Stability studies confirmed a 36-month shelf-life at 30°C, with no significant degradation in various vehicles. This orodispersible tablet offers dosing flexibility, preservative-free composition, and a favorable safety profile, addressing unmet needs in pediatric Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) treatment with improved bioavailability and patient compliance, supported by a comprehensive control strategy for quality assurance
Evaluation of the Efficacy of an Avocado Oil-Based Lactobacillus rhamnosus Suspension in DNBS-Induced Colitis in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Get PDFIntroduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a persistent inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), characterized by a spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild abdominal discomfort and diarrhoea to severe manifestations such as rectal bleeding, anemia, and, in extreme cases, fatal outcomes. Disruption of the gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, plays a key role in the onset and progression of IBD. Although corticosteroids remain a mainstay in treatment, their long-term use is associated with adverse effects, prompting interest in safer alternatives such as probiotics.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of a Lactobacillus rhamnosus suspension formulated in Avocado oil in a rat model of colitis induced by dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS).
Methods: Colitis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats via intra-rectal administration of DNBS (120 mg/kg), followed by a 3-day induction period. Post-induction, animals were randomized into treatment groups receiving either oral dexamethasone (2 mg/kg/day) or L. rhamnosus suspension (3 × 10⁶ CFU/g/day) for 28 consecutive days. Evaluated parameters included changes in body weight, food and water intake, colon weight, histopathological alterations, colonic mucosal damage index (CMDI), and disease activity index (DAI). Biochemical markers analyzed comprised oxidative stress indicators (nitric oxide [NO], malondialdehyde [MDA]), antioxidant enzymes (glutathione [GSH], superoxide dismutase [SOD]), and the intestinal inflammation marker fecal calprotectin. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: Treatment with both dexamethasone and the L. rhamnosus oil suspension significantly prevented DNBS-induced weight loss and improved food and water intake. Both interventions resulted in notable reductions in CMDI and DAI scores, suppressed oxidative stress (lower NO and MDA levels), and enhanced antioxidant defenses (elevated GSH and SOD levels). Fecal calprotectin levels also decreased significantly in both treatment groups. However, dexamethasone consistently produced a more pronounced therapeutic effect across all assessed parameters compared to the probiotic suspension.
Conclusions: The study demonstrates that L. rhamnosus suspended in Avocado oil offers protective benefits in DNBS-induced colitis, likely mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Although dexamethasone showed superior efficacy, the probiotic formulation presents a promising complementary or alternative therapy for IBD with a potentially better safety profile