Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Evaluation of Serum Bilirubin Levels in Oral Cancer
Get PDFBackground: Aberrant level of serum bilirubin, marker of hepatobiliary and haematological disorders, was associated with patient prognosis in several human malignancies. In this study, we aim to evaluate the predictive value of serum bilirubin for clinicopathologic characteristics and survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Methods: This study reviewed 50 patients with OSCC and 50 normal controls matched for age and gender. The association between levels of preoperative direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), total bilirubin (TBIL), and clinical variables were analysed.
Results: Lower Total Bilirubin and Indirect bilirubin were found in OSCC patients compared with normal controls. Significantly lower direct bilirubin was found in OSCC patients and it was an independent prognostic factor. Patients with higher DBIL had longer overall survival than those with lower DBIL.
Conclusion: Lower DBIL was associated with a poorer prognosis and may be regarded as an independent prognostic marker for patients with OSCC
A Review Study on the Efficacy of Ashwagandha Ghrita in Children with Karshya
Get PDFIntroduction: Karshya is a condition where the body never gains optimum weight as a result of a decrease in Rasadi Saptadhatu. Children experience long-term physical and mental fatigue. At the critical ages of growth and development in childhood, a Karshya child demonstrates chronic under nutrition and is not fully developed.
Objectives: To assess Ashwagandha Ghrita\u27s effectiveness in treating children with Karshya.
Methods: A literary review used several significant modern and Ayurveda textbooks, children’s research articles for children aged 5 to 10, and journals to gather data on Ashwagandha Ghrita.
Results: Improvement in Karshya due to the Bruhan effect of Ghrita.
Conclusions: Karshya is a condition in which the body becomes progressively emaciated due to nutritional inadequacies. The gluteal area, abdomen, and neck are the main areas where there is a decrease in gross bulk muscle and subcutaneous fat. Ashwagandha, which has alkaloids and steroids, as well as Ghrita, which has Yogvahi and Sanskaranuvartini Deepan properties, and has the ability to increase body mass. Agni is vital for metabolism, and Ashwagandha Ghrita directly promotes it
“A Comparative Study of Platelet Rich Plasma Dressing and Normal Saline Dressing in Ulcer Healing”
Get PDFBackground: Wound healing is a dynamic process involving tissue repair. It is broadly considered to have significant tissue formation and remodelling. PRP is an autologous concentrate of human platelets and has granules which release the proteins, chemokines and cytokines required for the tissue repair process, mimicking and aiding in the ongoing process of wound healing at the ulcer site. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of Platelet rich plasma dressing with Normal Saline dressing in wound healing in cases of ulcer.
Method: A total of 62 patients having ulcers and meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included after obtaining written informed voluntary consent from the patients. They were randomized into two Groups of 31 cases each: Group PRP and Group NS. Demographic details, details of past and personal histories along with ulcer sizes and durations were recorded. Findings of general and systemic examinations were noted. Routine laboratory investigations were done. The dressing was done as per the assigned Group, with either PRP or NS. Duration for complete healing was recorded and compared in both the groups.
Results: The two groups were similar in terms of demographic variables. The distribution of duration of ulcer and type of ulcer were similar in the two groups (P value: more than 0.05).
Conclusion: It may be effectively concluded that PRP dressing has faster and complete healing as compared to NS dressing
“Frequency of Vitamin B12deficiency in Metformin-Treated type 2 Diabetic Patients”
Get PDFBackground: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Metformin, a first-line pharmacological treatment for T2DM, is highly effective in glycaemic control but has been associated with Vitamin B12 deficiency, particularly in long-term and high-dose therapy. Vitamin B12 is critical for neurological function, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell production. Its deficiency can exacerbate complications such as neuropathy, anaemia, and cognitive impairments, which are already common in diabetic patients. This study investigates the prevalence and impact of Vitamin B12 deficiency among T2DM patients receiving metformin therapy at different dosages.
Methodology: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine and Endocrinology at the National Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Jaipur, over 18 months. The study included 155 T2DM patients treated with metformin for at least six months. Participants were divided into two groups based on their metformin dosage: 500 mg and 1000 mg daily. Exclusion criteria included Type 1 diabetes, pregnancy, bariatric surgery, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic kidney or liver disease, and recent Vitamin B12 supplementation.
Blood samples were collected to measure Random Blood Sugar (RBS), Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum Vitamin B12 levels using chemiluminescent assays. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, with a p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant. Comparative analysis was performed to evaluate Vitamin B12 levels between the dosage groups.
Results: The study population consisted of 155 patients, evenly distributed across the two metformin dosage groups (500 mg: 77, 1000 mg: 78). The mean age of participants was 60.338 ± 5.183 years (500 mg) and 60.795 ± 4.338 years (1000 mg). Gender distribution was balanced, with no significant differences in anthropometric measures or smoking status.
Laboratory analysis revealed no significant differences in RBS (p = 0.827) or HbA1c levels (p = 0.364) between the two groups, indicating comparable glycaemic control. However, a significant difference was observed in serum Vitamin B12 levels. Patients in the 1000 mg group exhibited lower mean Vitamin B12 levels (312.474 ± 223.979 pg/mL) compared to the 500 mg group (406.753 ± 309.793 pg/mL), with a p-value of 0.031.
The results suggest that higher doses of metformin are associated with a greater risk of Vitamin B12 deficiency. This finding aligns with existing literature, which highlights metformin’s impact on gut microbiota and its interference with the ileal absorption of Vitamin B12.
Conclusion: This study confirms a dose-dependent association between metformin therapy and reduced Vitamin B12 levels in T2DM patients. While metformin remains a cornerstone in diabetes management due to its efficacy and safety, its potential to induce Vitamin B12 deficiency requires attention. Routine monitoring of Vitamin B12 levels is essential, particularly for patients on high-dose or long-term therapy.
Proactive screening and timely supplementation with oral or intramuscular Vitamin B12 can prevent complications such as neuropathy, anaemia, and cognitive impairments, thereby improving patient outcomes and quality of life. Further research is needed to explore strategies for mitigating this risk, including fortifying metformin formulations with Vitamin B12 or developing alternative therapies with fewer nutritional side effects
Pharmacognostical and Phytopharmacological Study of Tagetes Patula L.
Get PDFBackground: Tagetes patula an ornamental medicinal plant commonly known as the French marigold is the Asteraceae family\u27s most widely distributed species. The plant has antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antifungal activity; traditionally used to treat skin, eye infections, wounds, and digestive issues.
Aim: The present study endows with significant information about its pharmacognostical and phytopharmacological studies, and its therapeutic qualities as a traditional remedy for a variety of diseases.
Method: The fresh flowering top of the plant was used to examine macroscopic, microscopic, and physico-chemical parameters. The capitula of the plant were investigated by the microscopic sections and quantitative analysis, including extractive value in n-hexane and methanol, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water soluble ash, crude fiber content, and loss on drying (LOD). The extractives in n-hexane and methanol obtained by the successive soxhlet extraction were examined for different phytoconstituents using initial phytochemical assessments.
Results: The color, consistency, and percentage of ash, crude fiber content, moisture content, and extractive values in mean values ± SEM were calculated concerning the air-dried drug.
Conclusion: The entire plant can be extensively studied for phytochemical and pharmacological activities. Therefore, the scope of this paper is to standardize the T. patulla capitulum by pharmacognostic analysis, which has been attempted in the current work, and examines the phytochemical and multiple-purpose therapeutic values
A Comparison of a Combination of Pre-Emptive Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid and Combination of Post Operative Amoxicillin+ Clavulanic Acid for Prevention of Post Operative Complications in Surgical Dental Extractions: A Prospective Study
Get PDFBackground: Oral antibiotics are crucial after surgical extraction in order to accelerate the healing process. There is still a lack of substantial evidence supporting the use of preoperative oral antibiotics for reducing complications following the surgical removal of teeth.
Materials and methods: The participants were divided into 2 groups based on the analgesic used preemptively or postoperatively: Group 1- pre operative amoxicillin 500 mg+clavulanic acid 125mg and post operative amoxicillin 500 mg+clavulanic acid 125mg (n=20) and Group 2: post operative amoxicillin 500 mg+clavulanic acid 125mg (n=20). Post operative pain was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (100mm) from post operative day 1 to post operative day 5.
Results: Post operative pain from POD 1 to POD 5 significantly reduced in the group taking pre operative and post operative amoxicillin 500 mg+clavulanic acid 125mg. The mean VAS score reduction was statistically significant. (p=0.02) 10% (2 patients) and 15 % (3 patients) in the pre operative + post operative amoxiclav group developed dry socket and infection respectively. On the other hand in the post operative Amoxiclav group, 15% (3 patients) developed dry socket and 20% (4 patients) developed infection. Clinically the complications were more in the only post operative amoxiclav group but it was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Clinically, this study showed that the administration of a single preoperative dose of amoxicillin 500mg+ clavulanic acid 125mg along with a full postoperative dose was more effective than conventional treatment with only post operative coverage for reducing the incidence of complications post surgical extractions. However these results were not statistically significant
Evaluating the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Borehole Water Sources
Get PDFBorehole water serves as a significant source of potable water in numerous developing areas; however, its quality is frequently undermined by various pollutants. This research examines the physicochemical and microbiological quality of borehole water sources in Ain Temouchent, Algeria. Five water samples were collected and analysed according to standardised ISO methods. The mean physicochemical parameters measured were: pH 7.47, temperature 18.88 C°, conductivity 1125 µS/cm, turbidity 1.03 NTU, TDS 1012mg/l, nitrite 0.15 mg/L, nitrate 48.95 mg/L, calcium 58.04 mg/L, magnesium 50.15mg/L, sodium 157.24 mg/l, sulfates 129.06 mg/L, and potassium 3.16 mg/L. Microbiological analyses for total Coliforms, E. coli, Streptococcus, and anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria indicate the absence of bacterial contamination. The water quality is largely satisfactory, except for elevated mineral concentrations in specific samples according to WHO., necessitating monitoring or treatment prior to utilisation. Consequently, it is essential to establish regular water quality monitoring programs and enhance borehole protection measures, including appropriate sealing and sanitation practices surrounding the water sources. These measures will guarantee the delivery of safe and dependable drinking water to the local populace and mitigate the risk of waterborne illnesses
Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System for Bioavailability Enchancement
Get PDFNanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have revolutionized the field of pharmaceutical sciences by providing a promising approach to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. By formulating drugs into nanoparticles, their solubility, stability, and permeability can be improved, leading to increased bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, including lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles, and their applications in enhancing the bioavailability of various drugs. The use of nanoparticles as drug delivery systems offers several advantages, including increased surface area, improved permeability, and targeted delivery. Nanoparticles can be designed to interact with biological membranes, enhancing the permeability of drugs across epithelial barriers. Additionally, nanoparticles can be engineered to target specific tissues or cells, reducing the distribution of drugs to non-target sites and increasing their bioavailability. Nanotechnology is the concept used in NDDS that enables a weight reduction of drug particles accompanied by an increase in stability and improved functionality. Various approaches such as nanosuspensions, liposomes, niosomes, nanoemulsions, cubosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), cyclodextrins, phytosome etc., are used for the enhancement of bioavailability. The present review focuses on the different approaches used for bioavailability enhancement along with their advantages and disadvantages
Clinical Efficacy of Nano-Bio-Fusion Gel as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Chronic Periodontitis
Get PDFBackground:
Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease leading to progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. While scaling and root planing (SRP)remain the cornerstone of therapy, residual pathogens often limit healing. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of nano-bio-fusion (NBF) gel - a nanotechnology-based antioxidant formulation containing propolis, vitamins C and E - as an adjunct to SRP in managing chronic periodontitis.
Materials and methods:
A randomized controlled split-mouth trial was conducted on 15 systemically healthy patients aged 25–55 years with chronic periodontitis. Group a received SRP + NBF gel, and group b received SRP alone. Clinical parameters—plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL)—were recorded at baseline and 3 months post-treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using paired and unpaired t-tests.
Results:
Both groups showed significant intra-group improvement (p < 0.001) in all parameters at 3 months. Inter-group comparison revealed statistically significant reduction in GI and pd (p < 0.05) in the NBF group, while PI and CAL differences were not significant.
Conclusion:
Adjunctive use of NBF gel enhances clinical outcomes of non-surgical periodontal therapy by improving gingival inflammation and reducing probing depth. The antioxidant and bio-adhesive properties of NBF gel promote better healing, supporting its use as a promising adjunct in chronic periodontitis management
The Effect of Novel Distraction Technique on Pain Management during Local Anesthesia Administration in Pediatric Patients
Get PDFIntroduction: Distraction techniques serve to focus the child’s attention away from the anxiety provoking procedure and include deep breathing and relaxing; engaging the child in conversation, audio analgesia and the likes
Objectives: To assess the effect of an active and novel distraction technique DCITAUL (Drawing Circle In The Air Using leg) on the pain behaviour observed and reported by children receiving local anesthesia injections prior to dental treatment
Methods: The patients were explained about the study, an informed consent was taken in the language they understood. Thirty children in the age group 4 to 10 years who required local anesthesia administration for dental treatment pulp therapy, extractions were included in this study. During the administration of Local anesthesia , the children in the control group were made to relax. The children in the control group were made to relax by means of deep breathing Children in intervention group were taught to use the novel distraction technique (Drawing circle in the air using leg).
Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the study group and control group (p =0.001).
Conclusions: The novel distraction technique appears to be a simple and effective method of distraction and can be routinely used during administration of local anesthesia in pediatric patient