Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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A Comparative study of Effectiveness between Topical Diperoxochloric acid versus Normal Saline dressings in Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Get PDFBackground: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a common and severe complication of diabetes, often leading to prolonged morbidity and risk of amputation. Effective wound care strategies, including topical agents, are essential to promote healing and prevent complications.
Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of topical Diperoxochloric acid and normal saline dressings in managing DFU; and to evaluate the specific efficacy of Diperoxochloric acid in promoting ulcer healing.
Methods: This was a single centre, hospital based, prospective, randomized controlled trail conducted in the Department of General Surgery, JSS Medical College, Karnataka, India for a duration of 18 months.
Results: Baseline characteristics including age, gender, comorbidities, BMI, smoking status, haemoglobin, HbA1C, and wound culture results were statistically comparable between the topical Diperoxochloric acid dressings (TDCA) and normal saline dressings (NS) groups (N = 71 in each group). Ulcer size reduction was significantly greater in the TDCA group, with a mean surface area of 3.8 cm² at Week 2 compared to 4.9 cm² in the NS group (p = 0.001), and the percentage reduction in ulcer surface area was markedly higher in the TDCA group (40.4%) than in the NS group (11.2%; p = 0.002). Granulation tissue formation was significantly more frequent in the TDCA group, observed in 73.2% by Week 2 versus 40.8% in the NS group (p < 0.001), indicating faster wound healing progression. The mean BWAT score decreased significantly in the TDCA group to 26.6 by Week 2 compared to 33.5 in the NS group (p < 0.001), reflecting superior wound improvement. Additionally, adverse events were lower in the TDCA group (23.9%) than in the NS group (47.9%; p = 0.005), with notably fewer wound infections (1.4% vs. 14.1%; p = 0.008).
Conclusion: Topical Diperoxochloric acid was found to be significantly more effective than normal saline in enhancing wound healing in DFU. It offers superior outcomes in terms of ulcer size reduction, granulation tissue formation, and infection control
Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Fennel Seed Extract and 2 % Chlorhexidine as Root Canal Irrigants Against E.Faecalis, S.Aureus And C.Albicans
Get PDFIntroduction: The primary cause of pulpal and periapical infection is the colonization of microorganisms which include gram positive, negative and anaerobic organisms. The goal of root canal treatment includes thorough disinfect the root canal system and preventing further infection. Three main steps of root canal treatment includes access cavity preparation, chemo-mechanical debridement and obturation. The most commonly used intra canal irrigants include NaOCl,CHX and EDTA. However these conventional endodontic irrigants have many adverse effects like cytotoxicity, irritation and cross reactions with different irrigant. Therefore, there is a need for a better or less toxic irrigant which can replace the conventional ones. Studies have proven that herbal irrigants of plant origin or its derivatives have good antibacterial activity and has a potential to be used as a root canal irrigant. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) is an annual herbaceous plant belongs to the family Apiaceae. According to literature and previous studies conducted alcoholic and aqueous extracts of fennel seeds has antimicrobial action against different dental pathogens.
Objectives:.
To prepare fennel seed extract as a root canal irrigant and evaluate its antimicrobial efficacy against E.faecalis, S.aureus, and C.albicans in comparison with 2% chlorhexidine
Methods: 90 anonymized single rooted premolars extracted for orthodontic purpose were used for this study. E.faecalis, S.aureus and C.albicans were inoculated on separate tooth specimens and were incubated for 21 days for biofilm formation. The inoculated specimens where divided into 3 groups – group 1 (specimens inoculated with E.faecalis ), group 2 (specimens inoculated with S.aureus) and group 3 (specimens inoclulated with C.albicans ) with 30 samples each . The root canals was passively irrigated with 5ml irrigant according to the allocated groups. It was repeated for 4 times after which the dentinal shavings were collected from the root canal with H files. The H files was then placed in eppendroff tube and stirred for 30 seconds. 0.1 ml aliquot of each content was seeded and duplicated into dishes containing NB for E.faecalis and S.aureus and SDB for C.albicans. the characteristic bacterial and fungal colonies were counted and assessed.
Results: Significant differences were observed among the three groups for S. aureus, E. faecalis, and C. albicans (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: The study demonstrated statistically significant differences in CFU (S. aureus, E. faecalis, and C. albicans) among the three groups. Fennel seed extract has antimicrobial action against all the tested microbes but not as comparable to that of CHX
Pathya and Apathya in Obesity
Get PDFObesity (Sthaulya) is a growing global epidemic and has emerged as one of the most pressing public health challenges in India. It is strongly associated with lifestyle-related disorders including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers, thereby contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. In Ayurveda, Sthaulya is described as a disorder caused by improper dietary practices, sedentary lifestyle, and Kapha predominance, leading to abnormal accumulation of Medas (Adipose tissue) and subsequent metabolic imbalance. The management of obesity in Ayurveda emphasizes the regulation of Pathya Ahara & Vihara (wholesome diet and lifestyle) and avoidance of Apathya (unwholesome practices). Acharyas have recommended food articles and regimens possessing Laghu (light), Ruksha (dry), Lekhana (scraping), and Agnivardhana (digestive fire–enhancing) properties, which help in reducing excessive fat while improving digestion and metabolism. Conversely, indulgence in heavy, oily, sweet, and sedentary habits is considered Apathya, further aggravating the condition. An Ayurvedic diet chart formulated based on these principles provides a structured approach to dietary planning, ensuring balance between nourishment and weight loss. Integrating Ayurvedic dietary wisdom with contemporary nutrition highlights a sustainable and holistic approach to obesity management. Thus, adoption of Pathya–Apathya serves not only as a therapeutic measure but also as a preventive and promotive strategy for long-term health and vitality
Assessment of Salivary Cortisol Level to Evaluate Stress among Dental Undergraduates- An Invivo Observational Study.
No full textBackground: Dental education is often associated with high levels of psychological stress, which may adversely affect students academic performance and clinical efficiency. Salivary cortisol is a non-invasive biomarker that reflects physiological stress responses.
Aim: To evaluate and compare salivary cortisol levels between two groups of dental students and assess the extent of stress experienced.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 80 dental students, divided equally into Group A and Group B. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected and analyzed for cortisol concentration using standard immunoassay techniques. The data were statistically analyzed using an independent t-test.
Results: Group B exhibited significantly higher salivary cortisol levels (Mean = 0.202 ± 0.046) compared to Group A (Mean = 0.174 ± 0.042), with a p-value of 0.005, indicating a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Dental students in Group B demonstrated elevated salivary cortisol levels, suggesting increased physiological stress. These findings emphasize the need for integrating stress assessment and management strategies into the dental curriculum to support student well-being and optimize clinical performance
Clinical Spectrum of Superficial Fungal Infections in a Paediatric Age Group in a Government Hospital in South India
No full textIntroduction
Superficial fungal infections are characterized by fungal infection of keratinized tissue such as hair ,nails and skin.Superficial fungal infections are common in children more so with overcrowding and poor hygienic conditions.
Aims and Objectives.
The objective of this study was to study the epidemiology,identify the pattern and the hygienic conditions associated with fungal infections in children.
Materials and methods
This was a Observational prospective study done on all cases presenting with features characteristic of superficial fungal infections.A total of 156 patients were included in the study. A 10% KOH Mount was done in all patients for fungal elements.
Results
Males were more commonly affected than females with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1.Tinea corporis was the most common type of infection(36%).Poor hygienic conditions was observed in majority of the patients.
Conclusions
Fungal infections are common in the paediatric age group.All the body parts can be affected .The importance of hygiene has to be stressed in terms of taking bath regularly ,wearing of fresh loose cotton clothes and maintainance of environmental cleanliness
Navigating Periodontal Health During Orthodontic Care: Insights Into Patient Knowledge and Practices
No full textIntroduction: Fixed orthodontic appliances provide additional niches for biofilm buildup, resulting in increased plaque accumulation and microbial shifts toward cariogenic and periodontopathogenic species. This predisposes patients to enamel demineralization, gingival inflammation, and potential periodontal damage. Patient knowledge and awareness are crucial in preventing these risks; however, studies reveal a persistent gap between awareness and effective oral hygiene practices, emphasizing the need for continuous education and reinforcement.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of oral hygiene and periodontal health among patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment and to assess their self-reported periodontal changes during therapy.
Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 115 patients (aged 14–50 years) undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment at Sri Siddhartha Dental College, Tumakuru, Karnataka. Data were collected using a validated Google Forms questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS. Descriptive statistics assessed knowledge, awareness, and perceived periodontal effects, while chi-square tests evaluated associations between demographics and awareness. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Nearly all participants (99.1%) used a toothbrush and toothpaste, with 60% brushing twice daily. However, 43.5% brushed for less than three minutes, and 59.1% used regular instead of orthodontic brushes. While 88.7% recognized the importance of oral hygiene, only 60% accurately identified plaque as a soft deposit, and 26.1% were uncertain about its effects. Periodontal changes during treatment included gingival bleeding (22.6%), gingival margin shifts (22.6%), halitosis (31.3%), and gingival irritation (40.9%).
Conclusions: Orthodontic patients showed moderate awareness of oral hygiene and periodontal health; however, notable gaps remained between knowledge and practice. 
Association between Abo Blood Groups and Periodontal Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textIntroduction: Periodontal diseases represent a spectrum of inflammatory conditions affecting tooth-supporting structures, with multifactorial etiology involving microbial, genetic, environmental, and host factors. The ABO blood group system consists of genetically determined antigens present on red blood cell membranes and various tissues, potentially influencing disease susceptibility through immunological mechanisms. Despite significant advances in understanding periodontal pathogenesis, the role of genetic predisposition, particularly blood group antigens, remains an area of active investigation with conflicting research findings.
Objectives: To investigate the association between ABO blood group phenotypes and periodontal disease severity in a South Indian population, and to establish any significant correlations between blood group distribution and clinical periodontal parameters.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 647 systemically healthy individuals aged 18-60 years attending the Department of Periodontics. Participants were categorized based on ABO blood groups and Rh factor using standard agglutination techniques. Periodontal status was comprehensively assessed using Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Probing Pocket Depth, and Clinical Attachment Level at six sites per tooth. Participants were classified into three groups: mild gingivitis, moderate gingivitis, and periodontitis. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square tests and ANOVA with significance set at p<0.05.
Results: Blood group O was most prevalent (57.7%), followed by B (23.1%), A (13.8%), and AB (2.3%). Rh-positive individuals constituted 96.9% of the sample. Moderate gingivitis was observed in 35.4% participants, mild gingivitis in 40.0%, and periodontitis in 24.6%. Blood group A showed higher prevalence in gingivitis groups (35.9% mild, 34.8% moderate), while blood group O demonstrated increased association with periodontitis (23.6%). Mean periodontal parameters showed no significant differences across blood groups. Chi-square analysis revealed no statistically significant association between ABO blood groups and periodontal disease severity (χ²=7.342, p=0.290). Age was significantly associated with periodontal status (p<0.001), while gender and Rh factor showed no association.
Conclusions: This large-scale study found no statistically significant association between ABO blood group phenotypes and periodontal disease severity in a South Indian population. While observational trends suggested blood group A individuals might have higher gingivitis prevalence and blood group O individuals showing increased periodontitis occurrence, these observations did not reach statistical significance. The findings suggest that ABO blood group phenotypes may not serve as reliable predictors of periodontal disease susceptibility in isolation
A Descriptive Study of Clinico-Sociodemographic Profile of Malnourished Children Under 5 Years of Age Admitted at Tertiary Care Hospital, Rajasthan, India
No full textBackground: Malnutrition is a significant public health challenge, especially in developing countries. Malnutrition linked to multiple clinical and socio-demographic factors and often interconnected. Addressing malnutrition requires context-specific interventions for preventing it. Study aim to describe Clinico - Sociodemographic profile of malnourished children under 5 years of age.
Material and Methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from April to December 2023, involving 310 malnourished children at tertiary care hospital, Rajasthan, India. A validated, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire used for data collection. Descriptive Statistics was performed using MS Excel and SPSS version 25.
Results: Among 310 malnourished children, 177 (57.1%) were male, 195 (62.9%) aged 7–24 months and 198 (63.9%) belonged to the upper-lower socioeconomic class. Mothers of 106 (34.2%) were illiterate and 172 (55.5%) had four or more antenatal visits. Term deliveries accounted for 256 (82.6%) births and 145 (46.8%) children having low birth weight. Children 213 (68.7%) were fully vaccinated. Moderate acute malnutrition was present in 62 (20%), while 248 (80%) had severe acute malnutrition. Severe underweight, wasting and stunting were seen in 245 (79%), 248 (80%), and 163 (53%) respectively. Average hospital stay was 10.3 ± 10.9 days.
Conclusions: Majority children were severely malnourished, with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) being more prevalent than moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). Study highlights various socio-demographic, maternal characteristics and clinical profile founded in malnourished children. Address these helps to formulate strategies focused specific interventions for preventing malnutrition.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i6.1064
A Survey to Assess the Knowledge, Awareness and Practice About Use of Resilient Denture Liners among Dental Practitioners of Jammu Region
No full textAim:This Questionnaire study aimed out to assess the knowledge , awareness and practice about use of Resilient denture liners among dental practitioners Jammu region.
Method:The present epidemiological study was conducted in the Postgraduate Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, using a self-structured questionnaire survey. The sample comprised of 200 Post graduate dental students and dental practitioners on the basis of Prevalence 57% with margin error of 5% and Type 1 error (α) is 0.05 and Type 2 error (β) is 0.2 by using OpenEpi. The questionnaire form was circulated to assess their knowledge and awareness about the use of Resilient denture liners. The survey was kept open for about 5 months and the responses were collected at the same time.
The questionnaire comprised of 20 close ended questions and were based on general knowledge and awareness regarding Resilient Denture liners.
Result:The results showed that among 200 subjects who participated, 100 % were aware about the existence of resilient denture liners out of which 95 % practicing dentists would prefer silicon based liners over resin based liners. 98 % subjects were aware about the composition & properties of denture liners. 72 % subjects preferred using both type of denture liners (short & long term). 79 % subjects preferred combine technique (direct & indirect). 78 % practitioners are not using resilient denture liners in their clinical practice. Also as per findings only 21% of dental practitioners are using denture liners in their daily clinical practice.
Conclusion: Denture liners have a significant role in dentistry especially in medically compromised patients , patients having highly resorbed ridges etc . From this survey it is concluded that majority of dental practitioners have awareness about the existence of denture liners and many of them have knowledge about composition, indication, contraindication, properties, pros & cons of these materials but still there is need to spread more awareness about their use as it is seen that only few dental practitioners are using denture liners in their daily clinical practice
Prevalence of Eating Disorders and Their Association with Mental and Behavioral Health among University Students in Bangladesh
No full textBackground: University students\u27 concerns about eating disorders have been growing, especially in poorer countries. However, we could address the relationship between eating disorders and different behavioral issues. This study investigates the relationship between eating disorders (EDs) and behavioral and mental health issues among Bangladeshi undergraduate students.
Methods: Cross-sectional research was performed including 420 undergraduate students from four institutions, utilizing validated instruments: the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q 28) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). Behavioral challenges were also evaluated. Multiple linear regression was conducted to identify characteristics strongly correlated with ED symptoms.
Results: The incidence of eating disorders was 2.6%, whereas 5.8% of students indicated experiencing severe anxiety. ED symptoms were significantly predicted by generalized anxiety disorder (p < 0.001), low appetite (p = 0.0159), fear for relatives\u27 health (p < 0.001), gender (p = 0.0154), university type (p = 0.0008), and monthly family income (p = 0.0029). A slight correlation was seen between positive thoughts (p = 0.0515). Behavioral difficulties like fatigue, insomnia, and worry were not statistically significant but were commonly reported
Conclusion: The results demonstrate how EDs are complex and impacted by both sociodemographic and psychological aspects. In Bangladeshi university settings, early screening programs and integrated mental health interventions are crucial for addressing eating disorders.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i6.1067