Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Comprehensive Nutritional Profiling of Fresh and Dried Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari) Roots Across Maturity Stages
Get PDFBackground: Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari) is widely used in traditional medicine, particularly in Ayurveda, for its therapeutic properties. The nutritional composition of its roots varies with maturity stages and post-harvest drying processes, which influence their medicinal and nutritional benefits. Understanding these variations can help optimize harvesting and processing techniques.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the nutritional composition of fresh and dried Asparagus racemosus roots at different maturity stages (6, 12, 18, and 24 months) and assess the impact of maturity and drying on key nutritional parameters. Additionally, a comparison was made with commercially available root powder to provide insights into its nutritional efficacy.
Methods: Roots were harvested at four maturity stages from cultivated plants and processed as fresh or dried samples. Drying was conducted in a hot air oven at 50°C until a constant weight was achieved. Nutritional parameters including moisture, ash, crude fiber, fat, protein, carbohydrates, calcium, and iron were analyzed using standard laboratory methods. The calorific value was calculated based on macronutrient composition. Statistical analyses were performed using Student\u27s t-test, with significance set at p<0.05.
Results: Drying significantly increased nutrient concentrations by reducing moisture content. The 18-month dried roots exhibited the highest calorific value (355.98 kcal/100 g) and carbohydrate content (73.44 g/100 g). The 24-month dried roots had the highest protein (9.22 g/100 g) and crude fiber (13.4 g/100 g). Compared to marketed root powder, naturally dried roots contained higher protein, fiber, calcium, and iron levels, suggesting superior nutritional benefits.
Conclusion: Maturity and drying significantly influence the nutritional composition of Shatavari roots. The 18- and 24-month dried roots exhibit optimal nutrient concentrations, making them preferable for medicinal and nutritional applications over commercially available root powder. These findings provide a scientific basis for improved harvesting and processing strategies to maximize Shatavari\u27s health benefits
Anaesthetic Management of a Child with Tricuspid Atresia Post Glenn Shunt with Drug Resistant Epilepsy Undergoing Lesionectomy-A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Tricuspid atresia is a rare cyanotic congenital heart disease that accounts for 1–3% of all congenital cardiac malformations. It requires staged surgical palliation for survival, with the Glenn shunt being a key procedure that diverts systemic venous return directly into the pulmonary circulation. Anaesthetic management in such patients is challenging due to dependence on passive pulmonary blood flow, altered hemodynamics, and increased susceptibility to perioperative complications.
Case Presentation: We describe the anaesthetic management of a child with tricuspid atresia, status-post Glenn shunt, who presented for lesionectomy in view of drug-resistant epilepsy. The child had recurrent seizures refractory to medical management and underlying hypoxemia. A multidisciplinary approach involving cardiology, neurology, and anaesthesiology was undertaken for preoperative assessment and optimization.
Method: Anaesthetic management focused on maintaining adequate pulmonary blood flow and avoiding increases in pulmonary vascular resistance. Intraoperative goals included prevention of hypoxia, hypercarbia, acidosis, and hypothermia. Low airway pressures, careful fluid balance, and continued anticonvulsant therapy were ensured. Monitoring included invasive and non-invasive techniques for hemodynamic stability, and anaesthetic agents were carefully selected to balance cerebral and cardiovascular requirements during neurosurgery.
Conclusion: Children with Glenn physiology present unique perioperative challenges, particularly when undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Successful outcomes require individualized anaesthetic strategies, vigilant monitoring, and close multidisciplinary collaboration. This case highlights the importance of tailoring anaesthetic techniques to maintain Glenn shunt physiology while addressing coexisting conditions such as drug-resistant epilepsy
Comparison of Three Incision Designs and Influence on Post-Operative Complications in Surgical Removal of Mandibular Third Molars.
Get PDFBackground: Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars is a routine procedure in oral surgery, where flap design plays a key role in surgical access and postoperative recovery.
Objectives: This prospective study compared three mucoperiosteal flap designs: Ward’s incision, comma-shaped incision, and Koener’s envelope incision focusing on intraoperative visibility, ease of surgery, postoperative pain, swelling, trismus, wound healing, and complications.
Methods: Ninety patients diagnosed with impacted mandibular third molars were randomly divided into three groups of 30, each undergoing surgical extraction with a different flap design. All procedures were performed by experienced surgeons following standardized protocols. Clinical parameters were assessed on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th postoperative days, including pain (VAS score), facial swelling, trismus, wound healing, and complications such as dry socket, infection, dehiscence, paresthesia, and periodontal pocket depth distal to the second molar..
Results: All flaps allowed successful extractions. The comma-shaped incision showed better outcomes in terms of reduced pain, swelling, and faster recovery. Ward’s incision gave superior access but caused more tissue trauma. Koener’s incision balanced access and healing but was not significantly better than the comma-shaped flap. Complication rates were comparable across groups.
Conclusions: Flap design significantly influences early postoperative symptoms, particularly pain, swelling, and trismus. The comma-shaped incision emerged as the most favorable in terms of patient comfort and recovery. However, since all techniques were effective and complication rates were comparable, flap selection should be guided by clinical judgment, patient anatomy, and individual case requirements
Keratoacanthoma of the Scalp Presenting as a Verrucous Growth: A Diagnostic Challenge
Get PDFKeratoacanthoma (KA) is a rapidly growing, low-grade skin tumor that mimics squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) clinically and histologically. Its presentation on the scalp is uncommon and may pose diagnostic challenges.We report a 59-year-old female with a 3-year history of a scalp lesion that became painful and ulcerated. Examination revealed a 4×3 cm exophytic ulceroproliferative swelling with regional lymphadenopathy. Initial biopsy suggested verruca vulgaris. However, wide local excision with histopathology confirmed keratoacanthoma. The patient recovered well postoperatively, with no recurrence on follow-up. KA can be difficult to distinguish from SCC both clinically and microscopically. Misdiagnosis may lead to overtreatment or undertreatment. Excisional biopsy remains critical for definitive diagnosis and it is crucial to give adequate margins. This case highlights the importance of considering KA in the differential diagnosis of scalp lesions and reinforces surgical excision as both diagnostic and therapeutic
Minimally Invasive Radical Thyroidectomy: A Local Preliminary Case series study for large Thyroid Cancer
Get PDFBackground:
Minimally invasive video assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (MIVAT) is a proven method for treating small to moderate sized thyroid swellings. However, its use for excising large goiters, such as those associated with malignant conditions, is not yet well documented.
Methods:
The current local preliminary report was designed to evaluate feasibility and efficacy of MIVAT for the radical excision of large malignant goiters.
This prospective study included patients with large malignant goiters. Patients with huge goiters or retrosternal extensions were excluded. Cervical approach was performed in all MIVAT procedures of the current study.
Results:
The study included twenty-eight patients who were 24 females and only 4 males. All patients were proved by post-operative histopathology to be malignant. They were four of the papillary type and three of follicular type. Gross post-operative weight of all of them was > 100 grams.
Conclusion:
The study highlighted the feasibility of MIVAT on the radical excision of large malignant goiter as a preliminary case series study with a limited cohort. Yet, further studies with more malignant goiters are needed for a realistic assessment of MIVAT in radical thyroidectomy for large/huge thyroid cancers
Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance/Strength of Interim Prosthesis for Crown and FDPs Using Conventional and Digital Methods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Get PDFIntroduction: Interim prostheses play a vital role in protecting, stabilizing, and guiding treatment outcomes in restorative dentistry. The evolution of digital workflows, particularly 3D printing and CAD/CAM milling, has introduced new fabrication techniques for provisional restorations. However, there is ongoing debate over whether digital methods yield higher fracture resistance than conventional ones.
Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the fracture resistance/strength of interim prostheses fabricated by 3D printing, CAD/CAM milling, and conventional methods.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases for studies conducted from 2010 to 2024. Studies included in vitro or clinical human research directly comparing fracture resistance of 3D-printed, CAD/CAM-milled, and conventional interim crowns/FDPs. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane collaboration tools.
Results: Of 896 initial studies, 8 met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that 3D-printed PMMA provisional restorations exhibited significantly higher fracture strength than conventional PMMA (SMD = 1.41 [0.74, 2.08], p < 0.0001, I² = 87%). Comparisons between 3D-printed and CAD/CAM-milled PMMA revealed no significant difference in fracture resistance (SMD = 0.27 [-0.13, 0.66], p = 0.18, I² = 93%). Similarly, while 3D-printed PMMA tended to outperform bis-acrylic resins, the difference was not statistically significant (SMD = 0.45 [-0.06, 0.96], p = 0.12, I² = 85%).
Conclusions: 3D-printed PMMA-based interim prostheses demonstrate superior fracture resistance compared to conventional PMMA and bis-acrylic resins. However, evidence regarding their superiority over CAD/CAM-milled PMMA remains inconclusive
Prevalence of Plantar Heel Pain among Waitron Staff and Association of Its Severity with the Standing Hours
Get PDFIntroduction: Plantar heel pain (PHP), or plantar fasciitis, is a common musculoskeletal condition affecting individuals in occupations involving prolonged standing and walking. Although, PHP is studied in various professions, limited data exist on waitron staff, who are particularly vulnerable due to their physically demanding work.
Objectives: To find out the prevalence of plantar heel pain and investigate the association between standing hours and the severity of plantar heel pain among waitron staff.
Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 95 waiters, aged 25–40 years, working in restaurants, cafes and resto-bars in North Bangalore using convenience sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a standardized questionnaire, including demographic data, pain characteristics, standing duration, and outcome measures: Visual Analogue Scale and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained.
Results: Plantar heel pain prevalence was 62% (n=59), with heel most commonly affected (49.5%). Spearman’s rho showed no significant association between standing hours and VAS score (r=0.054, p=0.604), standing hours and FAAM score (r=0.038, p=0.713), or VAS and FAAM scores (r=-0.032, p=0.759).
Conclusions: This study found a high prevalence (62%) of plantar heel pain among waitron staff, indicating a serious occupational health issue with the heel identified as the most commonly affected site. However, standing hours showed no statistically significant association with pain severity or functional ability. Preventive workplace interventions such as ergonomic flooring, appropriate footwear, and shift rotation to reduce the burden of heel pain are recommended
Biocompatibility of Amoxicillin and Diclofenac Sodium Loaded Poly-lactic Acid Microspheres: A Descriptive Study
Get PDFThe safety of any drug delivery system destined for intra-oral application extends beyond its pharmacological efficacy to include its interaction with living tissues and blood components. While localized drug delivery systems (LDDS) such as poly-lactic acid (PLA) microspheres have shown great promise for sustained release of therapeutic agents in dental and maxillofacial applications, their translation into clinical use depends on thorough biocompatibility validation. In particular, for use in extraction sockets—an environment rich in blood supply and active tissue remodelling—understanding the cellular and haematological responses to these biomaterials is critical.
This study demonstrated that diclofenac sodium–loaded PLA microspheres exhibit favorable cytocompatibility in fibroblast cultures at concentrations up to 125 µg/mL, indicating their potential for safe intraoral application in soft tissue environments such as extraction sockets. However, a marked increase in hemolytic activity at higher concentrations underscores the importance of controlled dosing and formulation optimization to minimize blood-contact cytotoxicity. The results suggest that while the microspheres are biocompatible with oral fibroblasts, caution must be exercised to avoid systemic exposure or high local concentrations that could compromise erythrocyte integrity. Future improvements, such as surface modification or co-polymer blending, may enhance the safety profile and broaden the clinical applicability of this localized drug delivery system
A Study to Assess the Quality of Life of Women Undergoing Infertility Treatment among Selected Hospitals
Get PDFBackground:Infertility is a growing concern globally, significantly impacting the physical, emotional, social, and psychological well-being of women. Women undergoing infertility treatments often face a multitude of challenges that influence their overall quality of life.
Objectives:
To assess the quality of life of women undergoing infertility treatment.
To evaluate the factors affecting the quality of life among these women.
To find the association between quality of life and selected demographic variables.
Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among women undergoing infertility treatment at selected hospitals. A total of 200 participants were recruited using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Fertility Scale (Fertility Quality of Life Tool) standardised questionnaire along with a self-structured tool to capture demographic and treatment-related factors. Statistical analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results:Preliminary findings indicate that the overall quality of life among women undergoing infertility treatment is significantly affected, particularly in the domains of emotional well-being and social support. Factors such as age, duration of infertility, type of treatment, and support from family were identified as influential. A significant association was found between QoL scores and demographic variables such as age, education, duration of marriage, and economic status (p < 0.05).
Conclusion:Women undergoing infertility treatment experience a compromised quality of life influenced by various psychosocial and demographic factors. Holistic and psychosocial support systems are essential to improve their well-being during treatment
Association of First-Trimester Aneuploidy Markers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFIntroduction: The earliest identification of women who are at risk of developing GDM is becoming increasingly important to improve the prognosis, as the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus is rising. Our goal is to determine whether first-trimester aneuploidy markers are associated with the eventual development of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Objectives: To investigate any association of first-trimester aneuploidy markers nuchal translucency (NT), pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), and ‘Combined risk’ (ultrasound and biochemical marker) with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Material and methods: In this prospective cohort study, first-trimester aneuploidy marker tests were performed between 11-13+6 weeks of gestation and GDM screening was done at the first visit, 24-28 weeks, and 32-34 weeks of gestation. The antenatal women were divided into GDM and non-GDM as per IADPSG glycemic cut-offs. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of both groups were compared and predictive tests were applied to detect GDM.
Results: A total of 292 patients, 70 (23.9%) in the GDM group and 222 (76%) in the non-GDM group were included in the study. The median age, crown-rump length and nuchal translucency data were statistically similar in both groups. PAPP-A MoM (GDM:1.02 ± 0.70; non-GDM:0.95 ± 0.56; p=0.535) and β-hCG MoM (GDM: 1.04 ± 0.45; non-GDM: 1.07 ± 0.57; p=0.092) levels of the GDM group were similar to non-GDM group statistically. β-hCG >1.5 MoM (p=0.0018), predicts a lower risk of GDM development. On ROC analysis, β-hCG MoM had a higher area under the curve than PAPP-A. β-hCG at a cut-off of 1.21 MoM, the sensitivity of detecting GDM was 80% and the specificity was 37%, whereas β-hCG at 1.08 MoM, the sensitivity was 60% and the specificity was 50%.
Conclusions: Among the first-trimester aneuploidy markers, only β-hCG MoM can be utilized as a screening test to predict GDM with low predictability