Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Age-Wise Patterns of Unnatural Deaths in Reproductive-Age Women: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Manner and Cause
Get PDFBackground:
Unnatural deaths among reproductive age group females (15–49 years) are of significant public health concern. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between age and the manner and cause of such deaths to identify vulnerable subgroups and trends.
Objectives:
To determine the association between different age brackets within the reproductive age group and the manner (homicidal, suicidal, accidental) and cause (burns, poisoning, hanging, etc.) of unnatural deaths.
Methods:
This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology at tertiary care center over a period of five months, from September 2024 to January 2025. A total of 128 cases of unnatural deaths in reproductive-age females brought for medico-legal autopsy were included. Data were collected on demographic details, age, cause, and manner of death, and statistical analysis was performed to find significant correlations.
Results:
Most unnatural deaths occurred in the 21–30 years age group. Suicide was the most common manner of death, particularly due to hanging and poisoning, while accidental deaths were more prevalent in the 15–20 years group, mainly due to burns. A statistically significant correlation was observed between age and both the manner and cause of death (p<0.05).
Conclusion:
The findings suggest a strong age-related trend in unnatural deaths among reproductive-age females. Early adult women (21–30 years) are particularly vulnerable to suicidal deaths, calling for targeted mental health interventions and preventive strategies
Assessment of Quality of Life, Sleep Quality in IT Professionals Doing Work from Home in Covid19 Pandemic.
Get PDFBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread adoption of Work from Home (WFH) among IT professionals, significantly impacting their lifestyle, quality of life (QOL) and sleep quality. Understanding these changes is critical to inform organizational and health interventions.
Objectives: To assess the quality of life, sleep quality and patterns in IT professionals engaged in WFH during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 67 IT professionals selected using snowball sampling. Data were collected using validated tools including the Quality-of-Life Scale (QOLS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze socio-demographic variables, QOL scores, and sleep patterns.
Results: The majority of participants were aged 20–30 years (44.8%), and 71.6% were male. Most were married or living with a partner (59.7%) and had been working from home for 7–12 months (29.9%) or ≥36 months (26.8%). High levels of perceived workload (level 4 reported by 50.7%) were noted. QOL was rated positively, with mean total QOLS of 79.19 ± 15.801. Domains with the highest mean scores included material well-being (5.78 ± 1.139), relationship with relatives (5.67±1.211), and occupational role (5.55±1.271). Regarding sleep quality, 58.2% had a global PSQI score ≤5, indicating good sleep quality, while 41.8% showed potential sleep disturbances. Notably, 85.1% reported optimal sleep efficacy, though issues were observed in subjective sleep quality and sleep-related daytime dysfunction.
Conclusion: IT professionals working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic exhibited overall good quality of life, though a significant proportion experienced sleep disturbances and high perceived workload. Targeted interventions to support sleep hygiene are warranted
Design and Evaluation of Bio-Degradable Cosmetic Wipes with Polyherbal Extracts in the Treatment of Acne in Male Adolescents
Get PDFBackground: The increasing prevalence of acne and associated skin conditions necessitates the development of eco-friendly and effective therapeutic formulations. Herbal extracts, known for their bioactive properties, have gained attention as alternatives to synthetic treatments. Neem leaf extract, pomegranate peel extract, flaxseed oil, and lemon oil possess significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, making them promising candidates for anti-acne formulations. This study aims to formulate and evaluate polyherbal gels using biodegradable components, ensuring enhanced application and sustainability.
Materials and Methods: Two gel formulations were prepared using Carbopol (F1) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, F2) as polymer bases. The herbal extracts were incorporated alongside other excipients to achieve optimal gel consistency. The gels were further spread onto biodegradable paper to create dissolvable sheets. Physicochemical properties, including pH, homogeneity, and spreadability, were evaluated. Drug content was assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, while in-vitro diffusion studies were conducted using a Franz diffusion cell. The release kinetics were analyzed using mathematical models, including Zero Order, First Order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antioxidant properties were determined through DPPH and nitric oxide scavenging assays.
Results: Both formulations exhibited desirable physical properties, uniformity, and drug content. In-vitro diffusion studies showed sustained release profiles for F1 and F2, with release mechanisms predominantly governed by diffusion. Antimicrobial testing demonstrated significant inhibition against tested pathogens, and antioxidant assays revealed strong free radical scavenging activity.
Conclusion: The polyherbal gel formulations incorporating biodegradable paper present a novel, eco-friendly, and effective approach for acne treatment. This study underscores the potential of integrating traditional herbal medicine with modern pharmaceutical techniques to develop sustainable therapeutic solutions
Transgender Population: Point of Care for Oral and Sexually Transmitted Infectious Diseases
Get PDFTransgender are under-represented and marginalized. They rarely access conventional health-provider systems due to mistrust and fear of censure. While this community has been studied from point of care (POC) at sexually transmitted infectious disease and oral disease treatment delivery, very few literature is found. This exploratory article tries to discuss the health and management of the transgender. This article is focussed to ensure that every transgender patient deserves proper healthcare delivery with all dignity and respect. Providers should create welcoming environments that facilitate disclosure of gender identity and sexual orientation. Clinics should document gender identity and sex assigned at birth for all patients to improve sexual health care for transgender and gender nonbinary persons. Assessment of gender identity and sex assigned at birth has been validated among diverse populations, has been reported to be acceptable, and might result in increased patients identifying as transgender. Lack of medical provider knowledge and other barriers to care (e.g., discrimination in health care settings or denial of services) often result in transgender and gender nonbinary persons avoiding or delaying preventive care services and incurring missed opportunities for HIV and STI prevention services. Gender-inclusive and trauma-guided health care might increase the number of transgender patients who seek sexual health services, including STI testing, because transgender persons are at high risk for sexual violence. The purpose of this article is to sincerely help naive researchers, by providing them with the information they need to look into the transgender community, and we anticipate that it will lead to for them to proceed in the proper path for a noble cause
Revolutionizing Concrete Technology with Alccofine and Porcelain Aggregates: A Critical Analysis
Get PDFThis review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the experimental investigation into the strength and durability of concrete that incorporates Alccofine and recycled porcelain aggregates. Recent advancements in concrete technology underscore the growing need for sustainable construction materials that not only meet mechanical performance standards but also contribute positively to environmental conservation. Alccofine, as a supplementary cementitious material, enhances the pozzolanic reaction within concrete, leading to improved strength and durability properties. This review synthesizes existing literature on the impacts of varying proportions of Alccofine and recycled porcelain aggregates on key concrete characteristics, including compressive strength, tensile strength, water absorption, and permeability. The findings indicate that the integration of Alccofine in concrete mixes can substantially increase compressive and tensile strengths compared to conventional concrete. Additionally, incorporating recycled porcelain aggregates has been shown to enhance the overall durability of concrete by reducing water absorption and permeability, thus improving its resistance to environmental factors. The review further highlights the potential of these materials to reduce the carbon footprint of concrete production, aligning with global sustainability goals. It emphasizes the need for further research to optimize mix designs and evaluate the long-term performance of these innovative concrete formulations under various environmental conditions. This paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and construction professionals interested in the advancements of sustainable concrete technology and its practical applications
Assessing the Antimicrobial Potential of Probiotics and Probiotic-Derived Supernatants against Enterococcus Faecalis: An in Vitro Analysis
Get PDFContext:The primary goal of endodontics is to eradicate infected pulpal tissues and prevent periapical infections. However, the persistence of Enterococcus faecalis is commonly linked to failed root canal treatments and recurrent periapical infections..
Aim: To evaluate and compare the antibacterial efficacy of Probiotics and Cell free supernatant of Probiotics against E. faecalis.
Settings and Design: The antibacterial efficacy of the Probiotics and Cell free supernatant of Probiotics were assessed and compared in vitro against E. faecalis.
Methods and Material: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using 96-well culture plates, and the optical density of each well was measured at 600 nm. The agar well diffusion method was performed to measure the zones of inhibition in millimeters.
Statistical analysis used: Data analysis was conducted using a one-way ANOVA test followed by post hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction.
Results: The MIC of probiotics against E. faecalis was optimized at 10 mg/mL. Probiotics and their metabolic by-products showed distinct zones of inhibition, demonstrating their antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis..
Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that probiotics and their cell-free supernatant could be incorporated into root canal medicaments, sealers, and irrigants, given their potent antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis
Formulation and Characterization of Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System of Bisoprolol for Enhanced Bioavailability
Get PDFThe present study focuses on the development and characterization of a Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS) for Bisoprolol Fumarate aimed at improving its bioavailability. Bisoprolol, a selective beta-1 adrenergic blocker, is widely used in the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. Despite its high bioavailability, challenges in dissolution rate and gastrointestinal absorption persist. To address these issues, Bisoprolol was formulated with Capmul MCM, SPAN 80, and Chitosan to create an optimized SEDDS.
Characterization studies were performed, including assessments of droplet size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index using laser light scattering techniques. The SEDDS exhibited a droplet size of 200–250 nm, ensuring rapid and efficient drug release. The zeta potential was recorded at −25 mV, indicating good electrostatic stability. In vitro dissolution studies revealed that Bisoprolol-loaded SEDDS enhanced drug release by 1.67 times compared to conventional tablet formulations within the first 30 minutes. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated that the SEDDS formulation was 3.1 times more effective in reducing systolic blood pressure in hypertensive rats compared to a CMC suspension (p < 0.0001).
Histopathological examination confirmed the safety of the SEDDS, with no significant adverse effects observed in gastrointestinal tissues. Overall, the Bisoprolol-loaded SEDDS formulation significantly improved solubility, permeability, and bioavailability, offering a promising alternative for the enhanced delivery of Bisoprolol and potentially other poorly soluble drugs
Prescription Trends for Stable Angina Management in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Get PDFBackground: Stable angina is a common manifestation of coronary artery disease, requiring optimal medical management to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. Understanding prescription patterns in a tertiary care setting can help evaluate adherence to clinical guidelines and identify areas for improvement.
Objective: This study aims to analyze the prescription trends for stable angina management in a tertiary care hospital, assessing the utilization of anti-angina agents, antiplatelet therapy, lipid-lowering drugs, and other adjunctive medications..
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing medical records of stable angina patients receiving treatment at a tertiary care hospital. Data on demographic characteristics, prescribed medications, and adherence to guideline-based therapy were collected and analyzed.
Results: The study findings indicate that Anti- Platelet agents, β-blockers and calcium channel blockers were the most frequently prescribed anti-angina agents, followed by nitrates. While statins were prescribed in most cases for lipid control. A proportion of patients received additional agents such as ACE inhibitors or ARBs for cardiovascular risk reduction.
Conclusion: The prescription trends observed in this study align with established treatment guidelines for stable angina. However, variations in prescribing patterns highlight the need for continuous evaluation and reinforcement of evidence-based practices to optimize patient care. Further research is needed to assess long-term outcomes associated with different treatment strategies
Invivo Evaluation of Neuroprotective Effect of Inosine Against STZ (Streptozotocin) Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Wistar Rats
Get PDFObjective: To investigate the neuroprotective properties of Inosine against mild cognitive decline and cognitive dysfunction induced by Streptozotocin in experimental rats.
Methodology: Inosine (100, 200 & 300 mg/kg p.o.) was given once daily following the treatment of Streptozotocin (3 mg/kg i.c.v.) to male Wistar rats for 20 days. On the 1st, 10th, and 20th days, the walking track test, locomotor activity, and object recognition test were used as behavior characteristics to assess spatial and non-spatial memory.
Results: Treatment with Inosine significantly attenuated the STZ -induced alterations in body weight, motor coordination such as locomotion, stride length, object recognition, and oxidative defense parameters. Inosine at high doses had the most prominent therapeutic effects. P<0.05 and mean ± SD are used to compare mean values with normal control, disease control, and high doses of Inosine
Conclusion: Recently, oxidative stress has been proposed as a mechanism for streptozotocin-induced neurotoxicity. Treatment with Inosine substantially decreased oxidative stress and behavioral alterations in rats treated with streptozotocin. There is a possibility for net neuroprotective benefits from inosine, which might enhance memory and learning. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of inosine may be behind its neuroprotective action
Polyether Ether Ketone (Peek) in Restorative Dentistry: A Narrative Review
Get PDFPolyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) has gained prominence in restorative dentistry due to its remarkable mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and aesthetic attributes, offering a flexible alternative to traditional dental materials. In prosthodontics, implantology, and various restorative applications, PEEK demonstrates exceptional adaptability and durability. This narrative review explores the extensive potential of PEEK in enhancing prosthetic restorations, post-endodontic treatments, and implant-supported prostheses. It highlights the material’s ability to provide superior stress distribution, fracture resistance, and bioactivity, making it suitable for challenging restorative scenarios. The review emphasizes the importance of ongoing research and development to ensure responsible use and to advance future applications of PEEK within the dynamic landscape of dental practice. By focusing on PEEK’s role in prosthodontics, restorative procedures, and implantology, this review underscores its transformative potential in modern dentistry, offering a promising pathway for improved clinical outcomes and patient care