Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Assessment of the Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Exposure on Murine 3T3 Cell Line: An Investigation into Cytotoxicology
Full text linkIntroduction: Pulsed electromagnetic field(PEMF) therapy is gaining significant attention in clinical medicine due to its promising regenerative properties and its ability to modulate pain effectively. The precise biological mechanisms by which PEMF influences cellular processes—particularly those related to cell proliferation and cytotoxicity—remain unclear despite its increasing use. To better understand how PEMF affects these cellular activities and to maximize its therapeutic uses, more research is essential.
Objectives: Monitor cellular viability and proliferation in order to assess the cytotoxicological effects of PEMF exposure on the 3T3 murine fibroblast cell line.
Methods: To offer the best nutrition and avoid bacterial contamination, 3T3 fibroblast cells were cultured in Dulbecco\u27s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin. For uniform growth conditions in every sample, the cells were planted at a density of 100,000 cells per 60 mm dish. Using a sine wave pattern, experimental groups were exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) at a frequency of 27.12 MHz and a power intensity of 73 mW/cm². This exposure was applied for 12 hours each day over five consecutive days. Control groups did not receive PEMF treatment. Daily, cell viability was quantitatively measured with the Alamar Blue assay, and each experimental condition was performed in triplicate for reliability.
Results: PEMF exposure resulted in a consistently slower proliferation rate in 3T3 fibroblast cells compared to the control group- did not receive PEMF. Over time, the number of cells in both groups increased steadily, but the PEMF-treated samples\u27 growth rate stayed steadily lower. This highlights the quantifiable influence of PEMF on the dynamics of fibroblast cell line proliferation over the course of the study period and shows a notable difference in the cell growth patterns between the two groups.
Conclusions: 3T3 fibroblast growth is markedly inhibited by pulsed electromagnetic field therapy. This has ramifications for regenerative medicine and supports the way electromagnetic fields regulate cellular activity. To clarify mechanisms and optimize exposure conditions, more research is required
Photocatalytic Activity of Some Mixed Ligand Metal Complexes as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Degradation of Azo Dye
Full text linkA series of ternary mixed ligand complexes of Ni(II) metal having general molecular formula is [NiPClINAP)(aa)·2H2O]; where PClINAP is sodium salt of p-chloroisonitrosoacetophenone and aa is a L-amino acids like alanine, valine, leucine, methionine and phenylalanine were prepared. These complexes were characterised by several physico-chemical techniques such as elemental analysis, molar conductance determination, magnetic susceptibility measurements, electronic absorption spectral studies, IR studies and TG-DTA analysis. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized Ni(II) complexes were studied as a heterogeneous catalyst for degradation of Eriochrome black-T dye
India’s Cosmetic Manufacturing Industry and the Pollution Control Board: A Regulatory Gestalt
Full text linkThe cosmetic manufacturing industry of India is rapidly expanding, driven by rising consumer demand, formulation innovations, and globalization. However, India’s Cosmetic Industry requires many approvals before it can fully commence. One of which is the approval from the Central Pollution Control Board. The Central Pollution Control Board engages in an essential regulatory role in mitigating the environmental impacts through frameworks such as Consent to Establish and Consent to Operate. This article meticulously examines the environmental regulations imposed on cosmetic manufacturers, the pollution index score-based classification of industry sectors, and the effluents and emissions treatment measures. It highlights recent regulatory developments, technological interventions for sustainability, and compliance challenges, offering recommendations for a more harmonized and environmentally conscious cosmetic industry in India
Formulation and Evaluation of Letrozole Loaded Hydrogels for Targeted Drug Release
Full text linkHydrogels are three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymeric networks capable of absorbing significant amounts of water or biological fluids. Their high-water content, porosity, and soft, tissue-like consistency make them particularly suitable for topical drug delivery, offering enhanced patient comfort, sustained release, and reduced systemic side effects. The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of Letrozole-loaded hydrogel systems designed for localized delivery in hormone-responsive breast cancer treatment. Letrozole, a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, is typically administered orally, where it can lead to GIT discomfort and systemic toxicity. To address these limitations, a topical hydrogel formulation was developed using biocompatible gelling agents such as Carbopol 940 and PVA. FTIR analysis confirmed drug-excipient compatibility, preserving Letrozole’s structural integrity within the hydrogel matrix. Five hydrogel batches were prepared and assessed for physical characteristics, pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, and skin compatibility. Among the formulations, F2 demonstrated optimal properties with a skin-friendly pH, good spreadability, and no signs of irritation, indicating its suitability for topical administration. The study highlights the potential of hydrogel-based Letrozole delivery as an effective, patient-friendly alternative to oral administration, supporting targeted drug release with minimal systemic exposure
Efficacy of Carrier Motion Appliance in Phase-I Correction of Class Ii Malocclusion in Growing Patients Having Retro Positioned Lower Jaw – A Longitudinal Study
Full text linkBackground: Skeletal imbalances, especially mandibular retrusion, are frequently the cause of class II malocclusions. Mandibular growth stimulation is the goal of fixed functional appliances, or FFAs. However, the rotation of the maxillary molars and the position of the mandibular incisors are frequently not precisely controlled by conventional FFAs. The Carriere Motion Appliance (CMA) was created in order to overcome these restrictions. The mandible is advanced and maxillary molar rotation is corrected by this intermaxillary Class II corrector.
Purpose: To assess the skeletal and dental improvements in developing Class II malocclusion patients in rural western Maharashtra who have had their lower jaws retropositioned using the Carriere Motion Appliance.
Material and Method: A prospective longitudinal research involving 29 developing patients between the ages of 12 and 15 was carried out. Patients with Class II malocclusion who presented to the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics at Rural Dental College, Loni, with a retropositioned lower jaw and upper molar mesiorotation, had samples taken. The CMA was used to treat the subjects for six months. Lateral cephalograms and study models from before and after therapy were assessed and contrasted.
Results: At the conclusion of phase I treatment with CMA, there were notable alterations in the molar and canine relationship, overjet, and overbite. All of the patients showed a significant rise in both the SNB and ANB angles. Furthermore, a modest distalization and distorotation of the upper molars were noted. It also showed variations in the vertical dimension.
Conclusion: In growing patients with Class II malocclusion and a retropositioned lower jaw, the CMA is efficient and successful in causing skeletal and dental alterations
Optimizing Calcium Monitoring Post-Total Thyroidectomy: A Proactive Approach to Prevent Hypocalcemia
Full text linkBack ground:
Thyroid lobectomy by itself is rarely linked to postoperative hypocalcaemia, despite the fact that the development of this complication is likely to be multifactorial in nature. This complication is most frequently seen after total thyroidectomy, where there is a higher risk of parathyroid injury than with other types of thyroid surgery
Methods:
It’s a prospective study,140 patients were included. They were divided into 2 groups. The postoperative calcium level in each patient (Group A) was serially measured six hours after surgery on POD 0 and then every six hours for the first twenty-four hours, then every twelve hours until POD3 and then once daily on POD4 and POD5. Group B patients underwent monitoring at random time.
Results:
Notably, the proportion of patients with hypocalcemia appears relatively higher in the <20 age group, although the absolute number is small. In group A, 17/70 and in group B, 29/70 patients developed hypocalcemia. In group A, though the sample is small, the incidence of hypocalcemia is predominantly in POD1 and POD2. However, the likely incidence in the first 6 and 12 hours is also comparative. The incidence of hypocalcemia was found to be higher in the total thyroidecomy and MNG group.
Conclusion:
Monitoring serum calcium levels helps identify hypocalcemia at the earliest before the onset of symptoms, thereby timely prevention and management with calcium supplements becomes possible. Hence, lowering the morbidity associated with total thyroidectomy. Post-operative hypocalcemia is still a common complication that can be prevented by identifying risk factors and by using appropriate, careful surgical technique
Formulation and Evaluation of Calendula Officinalis and Melaleuca Alternifolia- based Poly-Herbal Paper Soap for Enhanced Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Efficacy.
Full text linkBackground: Herbal hygiene products have become incredibly popular in a time when people are gravitating toward natural and sustainable options. This study investigates the possibility for developing novel personal care products using two well-known medicinal plants: Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) and Calendula officinalis (pot marigold). While tea tree oil has potent antibacterial and antifungal properties, calendula officinalis is renowned for its wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The goal of the study was to create and evaluate product that combine both herbal agents for better skincare and hygiene: polyherbal paper soap.
Methodology: Three formulations (F1, F2, and F3) with different ratios of herbal oils and excipients were created in the form of paper soap. The liquid soap coating process was used to make the paper soap. Agar diffusion was used to assess its pH, moisture content, skin irritation, foam retention, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial properties against S. aureus and E. coli.
Results and Discussion: F3 was the most successful formulation out of all of them. It had the most antioxidant capacity and the strongest antibacterial action, especially against S. aureus. The product\u27s effectiveness was greatly enhanced by the addition of calendula and tea tree oil, which worked in concert to provide antibacterial and skin-soothing effects.
Conclusion: Three forms of a safe, all-natural, and efficient herbal hygiene product were effectively developed by the study
Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance in MDR Uropathogens: Evaluating Meropenem’s Inhibitory Potential
Full text linkMultidrug-resistant (MDR) urinary tract infections (UTIs), predominantly caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), pose a serious public health challenge due to their ability to form biofilms that protect them from antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of biofilm-forming MDR uropathogens and evaluate the inhibitory effects of meropenem on biofilm production. A total of 63 MDR urinary isolates were collected and identified using the VITEK system. Biofilm-forming ability was assessed using the Tissue Culture Plate method, with classification based on optical density readings. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using standard protocols. The effect of meropenem on biofilm inhibition was tested at concentrations ranging from 0.25 µg/mL to 1.0 µg/mL. E. coli (76%) was the most prevalent isolate, followed by K. pneumoniae (24%). Strong biofilm formation was observed in 46% of the isolates, with K. pneumoniae showing slightly higher biofilm-forming ability than E. coli. Strong biofilm producers demonstrated significantly greater resistance to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin (p < 0.05). Meropenem showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation, with concentrations ≥ 0.75 µg/mL significantly reducing biofilm biomass, especially at 1.0 µg/mL. The study confirms a strong correlation between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in MDR uropathogens. Meropenem effectively inhibited biofilm formation at higher concentrations, suggesting its potential utility in managing biofilm-associated UTIs. These findings highlight the need for novel therapeutic approaches that combine antimicrobial and anti-biofilm strategies to combat persistent MDR infections.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.4.907
Comparison of Predictive Validity of PULP and Boey’s score in Predicting the Risk of Peptic Ulcer Perforations: A Prospective Observational Study
Full text linkackground: Peptic ulcer perforation is a life-threatening surgical emergency with significant morbidity and mortality.
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of the PULP and Boey scoring systems in assessing the severity of peptic ulcer perforation; and to analyze the correlation between these scoring systems and the duration of ICU and hospital stay, as well as to assess their role in predicting postoperative complications.
Methods: This was a hospital based prospective observational study conducted in the Department of General Surgery, JSS Medical College, Karnataka, India for a duration of 18 months among patients more than 18 years of age with hollow viscus perforation.
Results: This study included 42 participants with a mean age of 64.6 years (SD = 9.1). A majority (64.3%) were aged 60 years and above, and 73.8% were male. Mortality was significantly higher in older patients (p = 0.032), with non-survivors having a mean age of 71.8 years (SD = 7.5) compared to 62.1 years (SD = 8.3) in survivors (p = 0.001). Delayed presentation beyond 24 hours was significantly associated with mortality (81.8% vs. 18.2%, p = 0.001). Preoperative shock was a strong predictor of mortality, with all affected patients succumbing to the illness (p < 0.001). The mean duration of surgery was 3.0 hours (SD = 0.0), and the mean perforation size was 0.8 cm (SD = 0.2). ICU admission was significantly associated with mortality (p < 0.001), with 90.9% of non-survivors requiring intensive care. Non-survivors had significantly longer hospital (9.7 vs. 8.2 days, p = 0.041) and ICU stays (4.3 vs. 2.2 days, p = 0.013), suggesting increased postoperative complications. The ASA classification was the strongest predictor of mortality (AUC = 0.893, p < 0.001), with higher ASA grades (III-V) significantly associated with death. The PULP (AUC = 0.727, p = 0.027) and Boey (AUC = 0.711, p = 0.039) scores also predicted mortality, with higher scores correlating with prolonged hospital stays. The PULP score showed a strong positive correlation with ICU (r = 0.676, p = 0.004) and hospital stay (r = 0.490, p = 0.001), while the Boey score was more strongly associated with hospital stay (r = 0.523, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the ASA classification, PULP, and Boey scores are valuable tools for predicting the severity and outcomes of peptic ulcer perforation. Delayed presentation, preoperative shock, and ICU admission were strongly associated with increased mortality
Evaluation of Gingival Displacement Achieved by Gingival Retraction Cord Impregnated with Herbal Solution in Prepared Posterior Teeth - a Randomized Parallel Clinical Trial
Full text linkIntroduction: To compare the gingival displacement achieved by the herbal solution, Mocharasa
impregnated gingival retraction cord and plain cord in prepared posterior teeth in both the vertical and horizontal directions in patients between 18–55 years of age.
Aim: This study aims to compare the clinical efficacy of mechanical gingival displacement in prepared posterior teeth obtained by impregnated Mocharasa gingival retraction cord with non-impregnated gingival retraction cord as a herbal treatment.
Methods: 40 Subjects with a gingival score from 0.1-1.0 were taken for the study. Gingival displacement was carried out in prepared posterior teeth with the help of a cord soaked in Mocharasa solution and plain cord. A thermoplastic vacuum-formed stent was fabricated on a diagnostic cast to measure post-operative vertical gingival displacement at the gingival margin\u27s deepest point on the mid-buccal surface of the tooth. The thickness of the elastomeric impression material at the finish line, which corresponds to the gingival sulcus\u27 width, was measured under a trinocular microscope with a macro attachment camera (LABO microscope ).
Results: The post-retraction readings for vertical displacement, for the cord dipped in Mocharasa solution ( Group A ) were 0.43 µm and the plain Cord ( Group B ) was 0.23 µm. The mean horizontal displacement for group A was 558.0 µm at mesio-buccal, 555.28 µm at mid-buccal, and 560.28 µm at disto-buccal, and for group B, it was 344.50.0 µm at mesio-buccal, 349.44 µm at mid-buccal, and 350.83 µm at disto-buccal.
Conclusions: The study concluded that highly significant vertical and horizontal displacement was observed when cord impregnated with Mocharasa herbal solution was used for gingival displacement as compared to plain cord.