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ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA) CROP ON GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN THE EMIRATE of ABU DHABI USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES
Get PDFGroundwater is a major source of fresh water in the world, especially in arid and semi-arid countries like the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where rainfall is not evenly distributed through the four seasons of the year. Therefore, it is necessary to pay serious attention to the importance of preserving groundwater resources. The agriculture sector poses a real threat to groundwater. Irrigated crop cultivation practices change groundwater levels as a result of cultivating crops or farming plants that consume large amounts of water. Alfalfa is an example of a high-water consuming crop, being a widely cultivated crop in the UAE. This research has been conducted with the objective of studying the impact of the alfalfa-cultivated areas on groundwater. It is based on calculating the groundwater level (GWL) in wells located near or inside a number of farms, with the end goal of generating a map that shows the areas planted with alfalfa in the same area for three different years using images provided by the Landsat satellite. The study assessed in a detailed manner, the expansion of alfalfa-cultivated areas in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. A total of five vegetation indices (VIs) were calculated and stacked with visible and near infrared bands (VNIR), producing a composite image. The image was then classified applying unsupervised ISODATA algorithm. Furthermore, GWL was calculated using two parameters: the height above mean sea level and the depth of groundwater in the wells. The data were provided by the National Water and Energy Center (NWEC). The aim was to study the effect of the cultivation alfalfa crop on groundwater storage. As a result, we detected an ongoing increase in the area occupied by alfalfa in the last two decades, which increased from 102.32 km2 to 430.59 km2 between 2002 and 2020. The output was cross validated with field samples, and the overall accuracy of the method was around 81.7%. The well measurements, which were located near or inside the farms accessed and used in this study, showed that there was a significant decrease in the average groundwater amount in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi from 2005 to 2013 and that the mean groundwater level (MGWL) has decreased from 41.4 m to 5.11 m between the years 2005 and 2017, despite the fact that the amount of precipitation had not significantly changed during the mentioned period. In conclusion, the study indicates that the more the area is planted with Alfalfa, the lower the groundwater levels are
Awareness of Cybersecurity and its Relationship to Digital Transformation among Supervisors of the Education Department in Jazan Region
Get PDFThe study aimed to identify the degree of awareness of cybersecurity, and to reveal the reality of digital transformation and the relationship between them from the point of view of the supervisors of the Education Department in the Jazan region. The study followed the descriptive correlative approach, by stratified random sampling (257). a questionnaire was built , The study found that the degree of cybersecurity awareness is high with an arithmetic mean of (3.48), and also degree of awareness of cybersecurity concepts is high, (3,52), and awareness of cybersecurity risks and violations (3.45), and it was found that the total degree of transformation The digital dimension was high with an arithmetic average of (3.46) and the dimensions ranged from (3.60-3.23) in high degrees, except for the necessary funding, which appeared in a medium degree, and it was in order (technological infrastructure, legislation and administrative policies supporting digital transformation, technical skills, and the necessary funding It was also found that there is a statistically significant correlation at the level (0.01) between cybersecurity awareness and digital transformation. The value of the relationship is (0.83)
Keywords: cyber security, digital transformation, education management in Jazan region
A Proposed Normative Framework “Najaz Program” to Develop Performance Indicators in Secondary Schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, “longitudinal Study”
No full textThe main goal of this study is to prepare and implement a proposed normative framework, represented by the “Najaz” program for developing performance indicators in secondary schools in Saudi Arabia, through tracking for a period of three years: (2020-2021-2022) in the field of learning outcomes, regularity, behavior, talent, professional development, values, volunteering and participation, excellence, e-learning, beneficiaries, school environment. The the descriptive method (longitudinal) was used, and the population consisted of (30) schools in Qunfudah educational Directorate, with a percentage of (30.60%) of the society. The follow-up results indicated that there were statistically significant differences at the level of (0.01) in the improvement of standards and performance indicators of the “Nagaz” program for secondary schools on the graded performance thresholds during the three years of the program, in favor of the most recent years of implementation. Where the total achievement threshold for the first year of the program (2020) came with a “low” grade, expressed in the color “orange”, while in the second year (2021) the achievement threshold reached the grade “medium” and expressed in the color “yellow”, while in the third year (2022) The achievement threshold has reached the “advanced” grade, which is indicated by the color “dark green”.
Keywords: Najaz programme, colored recognition thresholds, digital dashboard, performance indicators, secondary schools in the Kingdo
Building a Proposed Educational Program Based on the Characteristics of the Place and Measuring its Effectiveness in Developing the Skills of Sense and Geographical Imagination among Middle Third Grade Students in the City of Makkah
Get PDFThe study aimed to build an educational program based on the characteristics of the place, and measure its effectiveness in developing the skills of sense and geographical imagination, in addition to measuring the reliability between the amount of growth of the two variables. To achieve this, a random sample of (34) students was selected from one of the middle schools in Makkah City. The study followed a semi-experimental approach-one-group design. The study data were collected using two tools observation card for geosensory skills, and a situational test for geo-imagining skills, and the data was analyzed by statistical methods using a program (SPSS). The results of the study revealed significant differences in the level of significance(α≤0.01) Between the average scores of the study group in the tribal and dimensional applications of the two variables approved in the observation card for the skills of geographical sense, and the test of attitudes for the skills of geographical imagination in favor of the dimensional application. Black\u27s adjusted gain ratio for the two approved variables reached (1.24 and 1.25), respectively. The results also showed a linear predictive relationship (Simple regression) of the beta value reached (.748) at the semantic level(α≤0.01) of respectively. Based on the results of the study, a set of relevant recommendations.
Keywords: educational program construction, location characteristics, geospatial skills, geospatial imagination skills, middle third grade student
A Descriptive Correlational Study of The Relationship Between Learning Styles and Types of Overexcitabilities among Gifted Students at The High School
Get PDFThis study aimed to find out the extent of learning styles and types of Overexcitability and study the relationship between them among gifted students considering the grade level variable, on a sample of (133) gifted students at Al-Rowad High school in Jubail Industrial City. The study followed the descriptive and correlational method approach and data were collected on the Overexcitability scale of Falk and Kolb’s inventory of learning styles. The relationship between Overexcitability because there is a moderate direct relationship between Concrete Experience and All types of Overexcitability, while the relationship between the components of learning styles was a weak direct relationship with other kinds of Overexcitability, it is recommended Researcher in this study employ the results of measurements styles of learning and Overexcitability in planning for the education of the gifted students, especially the highly gifted students.
Keywords: Overexcitabilities, Theory of Positive Disintegration, Learning Style, Gifted Students, High school
UTILIZATION OF THE ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS PIRIFORMOSPORA INDICA TO IMPROVE SALINITY STRESS TOLERANCE: AN INSIGHT INTO THE DATE PALM’S TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMIC APPROACHES
Get PDFSustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions depends on managing soil salinity, which is a major environmental issue and a critical component of sustainable food production. Salinity has a significant impact on date palm growth and physiological functions. Plant growth promoting microbiota has become a viable option to improve plant growth and performance under salt stress. Piriformospora indica is a highly versatile root endophyte in agricultural fields capable of coping with salinity. Its role in increasing abiotic stress tolerance has been reported in several plant species, but not in date palms. This research study investigated the growth, biochemical and molecular properties of Phoenix dactylifera colonized with the mutualistic fungus P. indica under control and salinity stress. The research findings indicated enhanced levels of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase, decreased Na+/K+ ratio in leaves and roots, increased ion content, and improved physiological parameters in date palm plants colonized with P. indica under salinity stress conditions. Transcriptome profiling of date palm roots grown under salt stress (250 mM) with or without inoculation of P. indica revealed that 6,836 genes were differentially expressed, with 3,153 up-regulated genes and 3,683 down-regulated genes. The DEGs were specifically involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, metabolic pathway, ABC transporters, MAPK signaling pathway, cutin, Suberin and wax biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism, as revealed by Gene Ontology (GO) and EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG) enrichment analysis in colonized date palms exposed to salt stress. There are 62 LEA2 genes in date palms that are speculated to retain water molecules and prevent crystallization of cellular components under conditions of drought, heat, and high salinity. The second part of the examination functionally characterized three date palm LEA2 genes, PdLEA2.2, PdLEA2.3, and PdLEA2.4, with respect to their effects on the thermostability of two different enzymes, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and β-glucosidase (bglG), in vitro. Under heat stress, the purified recombinant PdLEA2 proteins showed elevated LDH activity and reduced aggregate formation, as well as the ability to maintain and stabilize the enzymatic activity of bglG. Finally, the study investigated the role of the PdLEA2.2 gene by analyzing its ectopic pattern (overexpression) in Arabidopsis thaliana plants under salinity stress. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed higher salt tolerance with respect to the optimal Na+/K+ ratio and increased antioxidant activity. Based on these findings, date palm production can be improved by exploiting the P. indica fungus as a plant symbiont, increasing its economic sustainability in marginal environments. In addition to demonstrating that date palm LEA2 proteins can act as molecular chaperones for the development of new thermoresistant enzymes with better reaction rates and specificities, PdLEA2 genes would provide the basis for the development of salt stress tolerant plants that are more resilient and productive
CHARACTERIZATION OF IMMUNOMODULATORY PROPERTIES OF MANUKA HONEY: POTENTIAL MITIGATION AGAINST COLON CANCER
Get PDFThe focus on using alternative natural products for cancer prevention and treatment has been increasing over the past decade. Among these natural products, Manuka honey (MH) has been extensively investigated for its antimicrobial, wound healing, and anticancer effects. The current study aimed to characterize the immunomodulatory capacity of MH using both in vitro and in vivo approaches and investigate its potential to modulate anti-tumor immune responses in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer. We demonstrate that MH can directly act on macrophages to induce gene expression of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the production of TNF-a, a major proinflammatory cytokine. Moreover, intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of MH into C57BL/6 mice elicited a peritoneal response characterized by a significant expansion in the number of peritoneal exudate cells (PECs), which was mainly due to a 35-fold increase in the recruitment of neutrophils. Importantly, this response was evident in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-defective C3H/HeJ mice, indicating that the observed immunostimulatory effect occurs independently of TLR4 and, hence, is unlikely to be due to any lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contaminant. MH administration also led to changes in the phenotypic expression and functional maturation of peritoneal macrophages, as evidenced by a shift toward the CD11blo F4/80lo phenotype, and an increase in the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II proteins. In contrast, the peritoneal response was largely abrogated in mice deficient in the MyD88 protein, a critical adaptor of several pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. These findings were further extended by showing that oral administration of MH could induce type I/II IFN response and lead to enhanced expression of the IFN-inducible protein, stem cell antigen- 1 (Sca-1), on lymphoid cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues, highlighting the ability of MH to trigger systemic immune responses. The importance of MH-induced immune responses was aptly demonstrated in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer. Using a preventative treatment approach, oral administration of MH led to a significant retardation in the growth of implanted tumors. We provide evidence that pretreatment with MH led to enhanced immunogenicity of tumors, as demonstrated by increased infiltration of immune cells into the tumor microenvironment, a ~2.0-fold increase in the percentages of intratumoral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and a 50% decrease in the percentage of Ly6G+ granulocytic myeloid cells. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissues also showed enhanced infiltration by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and an increase in the number of granzyme B-expressing cells following MH treatment. Furthermore, intratumoral macrophages exhibited higher levels of MHC class II proteins, reflecting their critical role as antigen-presenting cells. Most importantly, our findings also demonstrate a significant increase in the percentage of tumor cells expressing high levels of MHC class I proteins in MH-pretreated mice, indicating an increase in tumor immunogenicity. Transcriptomic analysis of purified tumor-infiltrating leucocytes highlighted changes in the expression of various chemokines and inflammatory cytokines following MH treatment. Overall, the findings of the current study highlight the immunostimulatory properties of MH and demonstrate its potential utilization in cancer prevention
Effects of Diglossia on the Acquisition of Underlying Reading Processes: Toward Pragmatic Solutions
Get PDFThe purpose of this systematic review was to investigate how diglossia hinders the acquisition of underlying reading processes of Arabic-speaking students and recommend pragmatic solutions that would help Arabic teachers in developing their students’ reading abilities. Results of the included studies showed that Arabic-speaking students lack standard phonemes, phonological and morphological patterns, and letters missing from their local Arabic vernaculars, which in turn, affect their word reading abilities. Nevertheless, it takes six years of systematic exposure to standard Arabic to close the linguistic gap between students’ oral and written language in terms of phonemes, letters, and phonological and morphological patterns. Conversely, the syntactic gap remains wide during the first five years of formal education. Furthermore, results showed that systematic exposure to standard Arabic for 15, 25, or 60 minutes positively impacts Arabic-speaking students’ word reading abilities and reading comprehension at short- and long-terms
The Extent to which a Contract may be Terminated Based on a Prior Breach of the Contractual Obligation: A Comparative Study
Get PDFThe Contractual Obligation is proven to be owed by its owner as soon as the contract is concluded or the deadline for its implementation is due, Following this that the contractual violation should be before it not after, and if that kind of violation is the ordinary kind of contractual fault so the happening of contractual violation before the execution is a case been put by rules and Judicial Pronouncements as putting it in certain ordered law firm has its special private rules and obligations that distinguishes it from any similar cases of the expiry of contract.
And for that the advanced breaching by any behavior came out of the debtor in a clear or hidden way makes it Impossible or in-vain to execute a future commitment, because of that there will be a serious average on the creditor that that allows him to revoke the contract or ending it or asking for the compensation of any average might be caused by the debtor.
The Arabic laws haven’t exclusive a special law for that hidden violation regardless how important it is, and amongst the warnings of going to the ordinary law of handling the wrongs of contractual violations specially with the hidden contractual commitments regarding the typical dissonance with the normal known violation.
يثبت الالتزام العقدي بذمة صاحبه بمجرد إبرام العقد أو حلول أجل تنفيذه، ويستتبع ذلك أن الإخلال بهذا الالتزام يلحق قيامه ولا يسبقه، وإذا كانت هذه هي الصورة التقليدية للخطأ العقدي، فإن وقوع الإخلال بالالتزام قبل حلول أجل تنفيذه هي حالة أقرتها تشريعات وأحكام قضائية، وبنت لها إطاراً قانونياً تنظيمياً له موجباته وشرائطه الخاصة المميزة له عما تشابه معه من حالات انقضاء العقد.
وهكذا نشأ الإخلال المسبق أو المبتسر بناءً على سلوك يأتيه المدين صراحة أو ضمناً يجعل معه تنفيذه لشق جوهري من التزامه المستقبلي غير ممكن أو مجدٍ على نحو سيلحق بالدائن ضرراً جسيماً يمكنه من طلب فسخ العقد وإنهاءه أو طلب التعويض عما قد ينشأ من ضرر مرده إخلال المدين بالتزامه المستقبلي.
ولا تفرد التقنينات العربية تنظيماً خاصاً للإخلال المبتسر مع ضرورته، ومحاذير الاستناد إلى أحكام علاج الإخلال التقليدي بالالتزام العقدي ولاسيما مع تنافر طبيعة الإخلال المبتسر عن تلك في الإخلال بصورته المعروفة
The Mobilization of Bank Debts under the Tunisian Law
Get PDFfinance the projects of its clients, which results in long-term debts that the bank can only extract after long terms. These operations weaken the financing capacity of the bank.
To face this situation, banks need to transfer long-term debts to the benefit of a bank or other financial institution in exchange for an urgent payment of the value of these debts, so that the bank can recover its financial balance.
In response to the needs of bank debt trading, the Tunisian legislator has organized many legal processes that enable the bank in need of financing to transfer its debts to other financial institutions in a safe and fast manner.
Debt transfer operations and bank loans are divided first into operations subject to the exchange law, among which the traditional is derived from the process of discounting commercial papers. One of these operations is the second-class rediscounting process. And including what is new quoted from the French law, such as the bank’s referral of professional debts that it owes its clients. The first type of bank debt referral operations is considered safer, but slow and based on commercial paper trading and thus does not respond to the trend towards electronic transactions.
The second type is securitization, whereby debts are converted into securities. It is a fast and effective mechanism that responds to the trend towards electronic commerce and transactions, but it is affected by the risks of debts that have turned into securities, which leads to the expansion of the impact of these risks from the narrow field of debt to the wide field of the stock market, so the securitization mechanism is considered the main reason in the global financial crisis of 2007