United Arab Emirates University
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ELECTROSPUN MEMBRANES FROM BIO-RENEWABLE POLY (ETHYLENE FURANOATE)/POLY (ETHYLENE TERAPHTHALATE) (PEF/PET) BLEND FOR EMULSIFICATION APPLICATION
Full text linkThis thesis focuses on manufacturing electrospun fibrous membranes from a blend of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly (ethylene furanoate) (PEF) and using in premix emulsification. PEF, which is a 100% bio renewable polymer being blended with synthetic PET for membrane fabrication contributes towards sustainability in the production of food and pharmaceutical emulsions. The primary objective of this research is to optimize the fabrication conditions of PET/PEF porous membranes, characterize their properties, and evaluate their performance in emulsification. This study compares PET/PEF blend membrane with individual PET and PEF electro-spun membranes, demonstrating that the PET/PEF blend membrane exhibits superior thermal and mechanical stability. Results of emulsification demonstrated that PET/PEF blend membranes emerged as a promising alternative to pure PET membranes, combining improved performance with enhanced sustainability. Furthermore, small size emulsions prepared using the premix emulsification method using the electrospun membranes exhibited excellent stability for up to 14 days at 4°C, even with minimal surfactant concentrations (0.5% Tween 20). Furthermore, the blend membranes also demonstrated superior flux performance under increased pressure and high stability against thermal degradation across all formulations. These findings highlight the potential of PET/PEF electrospun membranes as a high-performing, sustainable solution for sub-microemulsion applications, offering both environmental and functional advantages. This development offers a viable alternative to petroleum-based membranes, such as pure PET, contributing to a more sustainable solution for emulsification processes while mitigating the environmental impact associated with petroleum-derived materials
COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SLOW CRACK GROWTH IN HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE
Full text linkThis dissertation investigates the slow crack growth (SCG) behavior of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) under various mechanical and environmental conditions. The study combines experimental analysis and computational modeling to enhance the understanding of SCG mechanisms in HDPE, particularly in pressurized pipes and under the exposure to hydrocarbons. A novel Crack Layer (CL) theory-based SCG model is developed and validated through experimental data, offering a predictive framework for HDPE failure assessment. The main objective of this dissertation is to quantify and model the viscoelastic-viscoplastic behavior of HDPE under monotonic and cyclic loading conditions while addressing SCG kinetics in structural applications. The study explores the effects of strain rate, temperature (23°C to 95°C), and hydrocarbon exposure on HDPE’s behavior. Additionally, a viscoplastic constitutive model is calibrated to capture thermo-viscoplastic responses, enabling accurate predictions of material deformation and crack propagation. To achieve these objectives, SCG experiments are conducted on stiff constant-K (SCK) specimens and pressurized HDPE pipes with circumferential and buttfusion joint cracks. A parametric study examines the influence of key factors such as stress intensity factor, transformation energy, and crack front kinetics. Computationally, Green’s functions, thermodynamic forces, and time-marching simulations are utilized to extend CL theory for SCG modeling in HDPE components. Furthermore, a diffusion-assisted SCG framework is introduced to assess the plasticization effects of hydrocarbons on fracture behavior and lifetime predictions. The study successfully validates the CL-based SCG models with experimental results, demonstrating their accuracy in predicting failure times, crack growth rates, and discontinuous crack jumps in HDPE pipes. Findings reveal that external circumferential cracks in thin-walled pipes (SDR \u3e 20) experience a 20–40% reduction in lifetime compared to internal cracks, highlighting the need for conservative design criteria. Additionally, hydrocarbon-induced plasticization accelerates SCG up to 5 times, significantly altering viscoelastic properties, including the glass transition temperature.This dissertation makes important contributions to SCG analysis, computational modeling, and failure prediction of HDPE materials. Future work should focus on high-pressure insitu testing and extended SCG validation to further refine HDPE lifetime predictions and ensure enhanced reliability in critical infrastructure applications
مشروعية القيود الواردة على ممارسة حرّية الرأي والتعبير بين الحماية الدستورية والمعايير الدولية
Full text linkAbstract
This study deals with legitimacy of imposing restrictions on freedom of opinion and expression between constitutional protection and international standards, by exploring what the Arab constitutions have mentioned in this regard and based on the general remarks presented by the human rights international committeeو particularly the general remark number 34 in respect of article 19, Issued by the Human Rights Committee, As well as the opinions of this Committee on individual communications issued under the First Optional Protocol to the Covenant, the rulings of Arab courts, and the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights.
The study has also to do with the resolutions of the committee regarding individual reports promulgated according to the first optional protocol annexed to the special international convention of pilitical and civil rights in terms of individual complaints, and Arab judicial decisions, and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights.
The study is an attempt to explain the basis and tools of compatibility between the Arab constitutions\u27 recognition of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, and the legality of restrictions imposed on the exercise of this right as per international standards.
This study has clarified the foundations and mechanisms of reconciliation between the recognition of the right to freedom of opinion and expression by Arab constitutions, and the legality of restrictions imposed on the exercise of this right in international standards.
The study also used the descriptive and analytical method to explain the nature of the acceptable restrictions on the right to exercise freedom of opinion and expression from the perspective of international standards. As well as to analyze the mechanism for examining the legitimacy of these restrictions by the competent authorities.
The research concluded that the competent authorities must conduct a three-part examination of any restrictions imposed on the exercise of freedom of opinion and expression, such that this examination includes three criteria: legitimacy, necessity, and proportionality.
ملخص البحث
تناولت هذه الدراسة مشروعية القيود الواردة على ممارسة حريّة الرأي والتعبير ما بين الحماية الدستورية والمعايير الدولية، وذلك باستقراء ما أتت به الدساتير العربية بهذا الخصوص، وبالاستناد إلى التعليقات العامة الصادرة عن اللجنة الدولية المعنية بحقوق الإنسان، لاسيما التعليق العام رقم 34 بشأن المادة 19 الصادر عن اللجنة المعنية بحقوق الإنسان، وكذلك آراء هذه اللجنة في البلاغات الفردية الصادرة بموجب البروتوكول الاختياري الأول الملحق بالعهد، وأحكام المحاكم العربية، وأحكام المحكمة الأوروبية لحقوق الإنسان. وقد أوضحت هذه الدراسة أسس وآليات الموائمة بين اعتراف الدساتير العربية بالحقّ في حرية الرأي والتعبير، وبين مشروعية القيود المفروضة على ممارسة هذا الحق في المعايير الدولية. كما بيّنت باستخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي ماهية القيود المقبولة التي ترد على الحقّ في ممارسة حرية الرأي والتعبير من منظور المعايير الدولية، وكذلك تحليل آلية فحص مشروعية هذه القيود من قبل السلطات المختصة. وخلص البحث إلى وجوب أن تقوم الجهات المختصة بإجراء فحص ثلاثي الأجزاء لأية قيود ترد على ممارسة حرية الرأي والتعبير، بحيث يتضمن هذا الفحص ثلاثة معايير وهي: الشرعية، والضرورة، والتناسب
QUADRATIC STOCHASTIC PROCESSES: ALGEBRAIC STRUCTURES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Full text linkThis research focuses on the algebraic structures of the Quadratic Stochastic Processes (QSPs). In this work, we first study ()- Quadratic Stochastic Operators (QSOs) linked to the partition ℙ3. We simultaneously discuss the dynamics of the obtained QSOs. Moreover, the algebraic structure of the associated genetic algebra is studied. Further, we build Quadratic Stochastic Processes (QSPs) using the given Markov processes. Consequently, we obtain an ordinary differential equation for the resultant Quadratic Stochastic Processes (QSPs). Besides, we apply the solution of this ordinary differential equation to the option pricing problem. Thereafter, we construct Quadratic Stochastic Processes (QSPs) in three-dimensional space by utilizing the parameters of the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model. In addition, we investigate the algebraic properties of the limiting genetic algebras. Rota-Baxter operators are also analyzed for different weights for these algebras. In the application part of this analysis, we propose an option pricing under the Quadratic Stochastic Process (QSP) modulated Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) model. We also analyse the Radon-Nikodym derivative of the Equivalent Martingale Measure (EMM) with respect to the historic probability . Ultimately, we obtain an infinitesimal generator which facilitates numerical simulations of the non-Markovian and stock price processes
NAFIS PROGRAM IN ITS THIRD YEAR: A PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS
Full text linkEmiratization in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) stands at the forefront of government priorities, with policymakers placing significant emphasis on it as a fundamental pillar for providing citizens with a dignified life and enhancing their participation across various economic sectors. Emiratis are considered integral contributors to driving their country\u27s economic development. Recognizing this importance, the UAE government has focused its efforts since the country\u27s establishment on enacting public policies that enable Emiratis to integrate into both the public and private labour markets. However, these policies have faced several challenges, most notably citizens\u27 preference for public sector employment due to factors such as higher wage levels and prevailing societal perceptions that view the private sector negatively, contributing to elevated unemployment rates among Emiratis.Given the success of Emiratization policies in the public sector and their limited effectiveness in the private sector —and considering that the private sector is the primary driver of the national economy—the government has directed its efforts toward encouraging the employment of Emiratis in this sector by launching numerous policies and initiatives, the latest of which is the Nafis program. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a scientific analysis of the Nafis program as a public policy by adopting the incremental model to public policy analysis, as it is the result of a series of accumulated Emiratization policies carefully refined to address previous obstacles. This approach was applied by analysing relevant federal laws, decrees, cabinet decisions, and ministerial resolutions. The study was further supported by a qualitative research method through semi-structured interviews with private sector employers holding managerial and supervisory positions in human resources and Emiratization. The program\u27s strategic objectives were used as a reference framework to explore their experiences and identify the challenges and opportunities associated with the program from their perspective, ultimately providing a comprehensive view of the program.The study concluded with several important findings, highlighting the program\u27s strengths, such as its success in enhancing the attractiveness of the private sector and increasing the number of Emiratis within it, as well as setting clear Emiratization targets, effective monitoring and follow-up mechanisms, and enforced strict penalties to deter attempts to circumvent the law. Conversely, the study revealed several challenges, most notably the absence of policies ensuring job continuity for Emiratis in the private sector, overlapping and duplication of roles among government entities overseeing the Emiratization, and standardizing Emiratization targets across all economic sectors without considering their needs for specialized and qualified personnel.Considering these findings, the study presented recommendations to improve the program\u27s effectiveness and Emiratization policies, focusing on the importance of enhancing Emiratization governance through establishing a Ministry of Emiratization that integrates roles and responsibilities among relevant government entities, and launching a second cycle of the Nafis” program under this new ministry
CHARACTERIZING THE HOST-MICROBE INTERACTIONS OF CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS
Full text linkDesert ecosystems impose substantial plant growth and survival limitations, including high radiation, temperatures, and drought. To endure these extreme conditions, plants have developed a range of physiological and biochemical adaptations and established symbiotic partnerships with microbes that significantly enhance their resilience. Citrullus colocynthis, the wild relative of domesticated watermelon, has multiple applications in pharmacology and the biomedical field. Although many studies have examined this plant, few have investigated its microbiome, and those that did often focused on limited aspects. Understanding the microbes associated with this plant and their contributions to its survival can yield important insights into developing C. colocynthis as a valuable resource for various industries. With increasing interest in bioprospecting desert microbiomes, C. colocynthis could be a rich source of microbes capable of alleviating stress in crop plants. In this study, we explored the microbiome of C. colocynthis across two seasons and in two locations in the United Arab Emirates—in the city of Al Ain and Ras Al Khaimah emirate. We analyzed the microbial community using 16S rRNA amplicon and metagenomic sequencing. The most prevalent phyla identified from each kingdom/domain were Actinomycetota (bacteria), Ascomycota (fungi), Uroviricota (viruses), and Euryarchaeota (archaea). Although the microbiome appeared stable at higher taxonomic levels, we observed spatiotemporal variations at lower levels, including a rise in drought-adapted taxa during summer and an increase in taxa suited for milder conditions and nutrient acquisition in winter. To further investigate, we employed culture-based and molecular methods to assess the stress tolerance and plant growth-promoting traits of culturable endophytic bacteria and fungi isolated from the plant. We isolated six fungal species from the genera Aspergillus, Alternaria, Fusarium, Neoscytalidium, and Cystofilobasidium, along with 15 bacterial species, including Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Paenibacillus, Streptomyces, Pantoea, Plantibacter, and Arthrobacter. Notably, three of the bacterial isolates appeared to represent potential new species. These microbes exhibited various stress tolerance and PGP characteristics, some of which had the potential to be transferred to crop plants like tomatoes. This research provides the first detailed microbiome analysis of C. colocynthis, shedding light on how this plant thrives in arid desert environments. Our findings illustrate how microbiome composition shifts with environmental conditions and geographic location while highlighting the mechanisms through which the microbiome supports the plant’s survival. The cultured microbes demonstrate potential for agricultural applications, and their annotated genomes unveil the advantages they confer on their host. By revealing the microbial diversity of C. colocynthis and identifying microbes with beneficial traits, this study lays the groundwork for optimizing these microbes for agricultural, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological uses
ASSESSMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL & BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN TOMATO PLANTS TREATED WITH PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA (PGPR) UNDER SALINITY STRESS CONDITIONS
Full text linkPlant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) can effectively mitigate the negative impacts of salt stress on plants. The present study reports the isolation of PGPRs from a high-saline mangrove ecosystem in Abu Dhabi, with isolates exhibiting ACC deaminase (ACCD) activity to reduce stress-induced ethylene, along with additional plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics, including phosphate solubilization (P+). A total of 57 salt-tolerant bacterial isolates from the mangrove rhizosphere were initially screened for ACCD and P+ activities. Of these, 24 isolates tested positive for PGP characteristics and were further evaluated for their ability to enhance salt stress tolerance in tomato seedlings. In addition, seedlings inoculated with 9 selected isolates demonstrated improved growth compared to non-inoculated controls on agar plates containing 75 mM NaCl. Following additional screening, four isolates (B1–B4) were chosen for greenhouse experiments. Under greenhouse conditions, Bacillus subtilis (B1) and Bacillus siamensis (B3) were found to be more significant to alleviating salt stress-induced damage and enhancing salt tolerance in tomato plants, followed by Bacillus velezensis (B2), which showed a moderate effect. In contrast, Priestia filamentosa (B4) demonstrated the least impact of them all. Inoculation with B1 and B3 significantly increased shoot length, shoot dry weight (DW), shoot fresh weight (FW), root DW, root FW, and flower count per plant under saline conditions. In comparison, B2 exhibited a moderate effect, while B4 showed the least impact. Additionally, chlorophyll-a fluorescence studies showed that plants inoculated with B1 and B3 had the highest photosystem II (PSII) efficiency, followed by B2, while B4-treated plants showed the lowest efficiency under NaCl-induced salinity stress. Moreover, the leaf spectral reflectance indices of tomato plants inoculated with B1 and B3 were the highest, followed by moderate increases in B2-treated plants, while the lowest values were observed in plants treated with B4 and the uninoculated controls. The variation in salt tolerance among tomato plants treated with isolates B1–B4 was correlated quantitatively and qualitatively with the plant growth-promoting characteristics of the isolates, particularly their ACCD activity and IAA production. Overall, the findings suggest that isolates B1 and B3 hold the potential as biofertilizers to improve tomato production under saline conditions
EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN G2G, G2E AND G2C E-GOVERNMENT INTERACTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL READINESS FOR CITIZEN CENTRICITY IN THE UAE GOVERNMENT: ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AS A MODERATOR
Full text linkThe UAE has topped the e-Gov development rankings globally over the last two decades. But during the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, certain problems befell the model of e-Gov, like no coherent strategy, inconsistencies in digital practice, inadequate collaboration, the lack of mechanisms for innovation, poor digital talent, and concerns with public trust. After the pandemic, the government released its digital strategy (2021-2025) as part of the rapid recovery plan to stimulate the economy and society. The strategy aimed at increasing sustainability and innovation and putting citizens first. Yet, the strategy can be improved in regard to how prepared government agencies are to put citizens\u27 priorities first. Thus, the present research analyzes the link between e-Gov interactions (G2G, G2E, and G2C) and organizational readiness for citizen centricity. The research also analyzes the effect of culture in strengthening the relationship. Critical success factors were set to create an e-Gov model based on sustainability and innovation. Two theoretical models are used for this research aim. Firstly, the Critical Success Factors (CSF) theory was used for the e-Gov model. Second, Competing Values Framework (CVF) was used to test if organizational culture has an effect. Real data were gathered by surveying the UAE government\u27s 774 IT, HR, and customer service managers. The results showed a negative (inverse) association between G2E interactions and organizational readiness for citizen centricity, whereas G2G and G2C interactions exhibited positive association. In addition, findings showed that organizational culture does not significantly affect the relationship. The research is a theoretical addition to the building of knowledge in e-Gov, government readiness, and organizational culture. It is a practical guide to policymakers of UAE\u27s e-Gov
Exploring the Relationships between G2G, G2E and G2C E-government Interactions and Organizational Readiness for Citizen Centricity in the UAE Government: Organizational Culture as a Moderator
Full text linkThe UAE has achieved top global rankings in e-government development over the last two decades. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, several challenges emerged, including a lack of cohesive strategy, inconsistencies in digital practices, ineffective collaboration, a lack of innovative measures, and poor digital talent. Therefore, the current research examines the relationship between e-government interactions (G2G, G2E, and G2C) and organizational readiness for citizen centricity. It also investigates the role of culture in enhancing the relationship. Specific critical success factors were identified to develop a comprehensive e-government framework with a focus on sustainability and innovation. The findings revealed an inverse (negative) relationship between G2E interactions and organizational readiness for citizen centricity, while both G2G and G2C interactions showed a positive relationship. Additionally, the findings indicated that there is no significant influence of organizational culture on the relationship. The study makes a theoretical contribution to advancing the body of knowledge in the fields of e-government, government readiness, and organizational culture. It also offers practical insights to policymakers in the UAE\u27s e-government
Observing the Enablers for Achieving Sustainability in Saudi Oil Industry Cities According to Vision 2030 Aspirations: A Case Study of Jubail Industrial City
Full text linkThe research emphasizes the ongoing need to enhance sustainability in Saudi industry cities, which are vital to the Saudi economy and contribute significantly to non-oil revenue streams. This study explores the key factors enabling sustainability in such cities by focusing on Jubail Industrial City, which has developed over 50 years. Using a descriptive-analytical methodology, the research highlights that Jubail Industrial City has a well-developed infrastructure, establishing it as a crucial logistics hub that connects Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with global cities. The city has made significant contributes to the national GDP and attracts national and international talent by adopting sustainable practices, including recycling over half of its industrial waste and reducing energy consumption, all while preserving its diverse natural environment. As a result, Jubail is recognized as one of the world\u27s least polluted cities, improving the quality of life for its residents and visitors.
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