United Arab Emirates University
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The role of symbolic resistance in the permanence of Islamic forms
Get PDFThe Islamic forms reflect a symbolic content and spiritual and ideological dimensions. Between their resistance to change and their response to the formal transformations resulting from technology and contemporary techniques, new ideas and forms are generated. This puts the Islamic form in a challenge that could lead to its emptying of its symbolism and semantic expressions and between its flexible transitions across time and space. Therefore, the research raises the concept of resistance (symbolic-formal) that is known as the interconnected relationship between form, meaning, symbol, and spiritual values. Therefore, the research problem appears The variation and formal diversity of the output of Islamic architecture is subject to the dialectic of resistance (symbolic-formal) and its response to change, which gives the product high durability Where the formal resistance comes from the symbolic stability of its forms over time, which turns into known symbolic constants. The research assumes that the forms reflect a high formal resistance against their ability to make multiple formal transformations because they have a fixed spiritual and symbolic content that transcends its spatial dimensions. Methods of measuring formal analysis and a questionnaire were adopted on a group of mosques to extrapolate both types of resistance. It was concluded that the contemporary Islamic production is characterized by a high spiritual resistance resulting from the integration between traditional and contemporary thought. The existence of this resistance at its levels and characteristics that the study determined gave the Islamic production high durability and flexibility over time
The Civil Liability of Credit Rating Agencies between Reality and Aspiration: A comparative analytical study of the European and American Legislations
Get PDFcreditworthiness of Countries and companies that issue debt instruments. These ratings enable the investors to assess the level of risk of default of payment by the issuers or to evaluate the risks associated to a specific financial instrument. Thus, they play a vital role in the global economy, and they are the first entities to be accused when a financial crisis strikes. The importance of their role prompted the European and American legislators to take the initiative to regulate their activities in the wake of the global financial crisis of 2008. However, the efficiency of the applied legislations in establishing integrated civil liability for these Agencies still in doubt and constitutes the main problematic of this study, especially with the absence of unified regional or international rules that govern and outline this responsibility. Many questions arise out of this problematic: it raises the question about the adequacy of national and regional civil liability rules in obligating Credit Rating Agencies to compensate the damages caused to investors or issuers as a result of wrong ratings. What are the obstacles to the civil liability of Credit Rating Agencies in light of the current legislations? What are the possible ways to establish an effective civil liability model at the national and international levels? The study aims to answer these questions by relying on the descriptive and analytical methodology, in addition to the comparative method. To achieve this goal, the study will be divided into two sections: the first one will examine the current challenges of civil liability of Credit Rating Agencies, while the second section will suggest possible solutions to activate the civil liability of these Agencies
EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM LABNEH: CHARACTERIZATION, BIOACTIVITIES, AND EFFECTS ON GUT MICROBIOME AND FERMENTED MILK RHEOLOGY
Get PDFExopolysaccharides (EPS), produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), are carbohydrate polymers with unique physicochemical properties and various biological activities widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. This dissertation is aimed to (1) screen 42 new isolates from traditional yogurt-like products (Labneh) for their probiotic nature and identify the LAB strains using 16S rDNA sequencing; (2) optimize the conditions like pH, temperature, time, and quantity of sucrose for the growth of EPS produced by four selected LAB isolates; (3) purify and characterize EPS for the contents and investigate the bioactivities of the partially purified EPS; (4) study the effects of the EPS on the gut microbiome and the rheological properties of fermented skimmed bovine milk. The results showed that 10 out of 42 isolates had good probiotic potential and were identified using 16S rDNA sequencing. The LAB isolates had reductions of 4.5 to 8.5 Log10 CFU/ml after in vitro digestion. The LAB exhibited cholesterol-lowering (\u3e 30%), pathogen-inhibiting properties, and hydrophobicity values of 7–86%, 18–87%, and 21–87% (for xylene, octane, and hexadecane, respectively). Resistance to lysozyme activity was also high in the selected LAB isolates. Out of 10, four LAB isolates Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Enterococcus faecium, and Streptococcus thermophilus were used to produce EPS-LB3, EPS-MLB3, EPS-LB13 and EPS-MLB10, respectively. The optimum conditions to produce EPS were pH 6, at 43ºC for 48 h with 20% sucrose, and the phenol-sulfuric acid method revealed that the average EPS production was 261.4 ± 15.2 mg/L. The refractive index detector showed that the average molecular weight ranged from 1272.2 kDa to 3762.4 kDa, and the diode array detector revealed the presence of galactose, lactose, glucose, mannose, xylose, ribose, arabinose, and galacturonic acid in different concentrations when derivatized using Phenyl-3-Methyl-5-Pyrazolone (PMP). The scavenging rate of the partially purified EPS at 250 mg/L against 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2’-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzene-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical (ABTS), superoxide dismutase, superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, metal chelating activity, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation ranged from 10% to 88%. The antioxidant capacity for Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), Reducing Power (RP), and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) ranged between 714 to 2848 μg/mL, equivalent to ascorbic acid activity. The partially purified EPS inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of E. coli, S. typhimurium, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes with an average inhibition of 53% to 74%. The average inhibition of amylase, glucosidase, cholesterol, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) was 2% to 66%, and inhibition of Caco-2 and MCF-7 cancer cells was 9% to 83%. All the EPSs supported the growth of beneficial gut bacteria from Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Acinetobacter in fecal fermentation with total Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) production from 4530 to 6104 PPM. This study showed that the extracted EPS from the selected LABs has good bioactivities, prebiotic nature, and impact gut microbiota. Moreover, the EPS-producing bacteria improve the gelation time of fermented skimmed bovine milk. Further studies are required to investigate the EPS effect in vivo conditions and to use industrial waste for EPS production using the LAB
Strengthening the Home Front to Combat the Corona Pandemic: Al-Juwayni as a Model
Get PDFderived from the book Al-Ghayathi , and this topic is fortifying the home front .
The research aims to extrapolate the jurisprudence of Imam al-Juwayni in fortifying the home front through his book, and the consolidation of the term fortification of the home front of the state by studying its concept and legitimacy from the legal evidence, and its comprehensive aspects in Juwayni’s jurisprudence with regard to the Corona pandemic; Such as economic and health security, compared to the decisions of the State of Kuwait in the face of the Corona pandemic and its contemporary applications, coupled with a statement of the general features of Imam Al-Juwayni’s thought in protecting the home front and the rules learned from his jurisprudence on the issue.
Through this study, I reached several conclusions, including: Al-Juwayni dealt with security in its broad sense, including health and economic security to fortify the home front; Therefore, it required the state’s observation and permission, especially in collective worship, and decided that the ruling of the ruler raises the dispute in controversial issues, and was applied in practice in stopping gatherings and groups, Eid prayers and the issue of obligating vaccination and establishing penalties for violators within the measures of the State of Kuwait in the Corona pandemic.
Then Al-Juwayni dealt with economic security in protecting the home front and separated it according to the state of the state in stability and emergency conditions and arranged for all special measures, including hiring on the rich, and borrowing from them, whether on generalization from them or allocation based on legal evidence, and the applications of this appeared in the procedures of the State of Kuwait
ماهية الملكة القانونية وتمييزها من غيرها وتقسيماتها
Get PDFThis study dealt with the legal apprehension, which is a thorny issue, as it is not based on legal rules and stable systematic results. The Legal Apprehension has multiple meanings and objectives for her association with all areas of legal creativity, in terms of legal opinions and proper judicial decisions, and the drafting of legislation that surrounds all legal aspects of community problems.
Given the Apprehension\u27s legal connection to all different aspects of life, we have had to demonstrate its importance in enacting and interpreting legislation in line with the development of societies and the development of life that require the development of innovations in technological means and artificial intelligence.
This entails modernizing legal apprehensions in accordance with the nature of this development. The importance of the subject showed the role of the legal apprehension in developing and developing a legal person\u27s thinking in the formation of judicial decisions, jurisprudential opinions, how to build legal personality and the philosophical basis for the formation of legal thought. In addition to indicating the Apprehension\u27s legal role in interpreting and insinuating judgments and facts. The problem of the study lies in the ambiguity of the term legal apprehension and the lack of clear criteria, which are based not only on the origins of jurisprudence, but also on the origins of Shariah jurisprudence, and therefore the pillars or foundations that contribute to its formation must be defined, which was indicated through the study.
The study adopted the analytical approach to demonstrate what the legal apprehension means and its importance to the legal person, its distinction from others, its divisions and its role in building sound legal thought .The study found several recommendations, the most important of which is to seek a legal framework for the legal apprehension in general and represents a common minimum to apply to its owners, regardless of the environment in which he or she lives or the ideology of the State to which he belongs.
ملخص البحث
تناولت هذه الدراسة الملكة القانونية التي تعد من الموضوعات الشائكة؛ لأنها لا تستند إلى قواعد قانونية ونتائج منهجية مستقرة، حيث إن الملكة القانونية تحمل في طياتها معانيَ وأهدافاً متعددة لارتباطها بكل مجالات الإبداع القانوني، من حيث الآراء القانونية والأحكام القضائية الصائبة، وصياغة التشريعات التي تحيط بجميع الجوانب القانونية للإشكاليات المجتمعية.
وبالنظر لارتباط الملكة القانونية بجميع مناحي الحياة المختلفة؛ لذا توجب علينا بيان أهميتها في سن التشريعات وتفسيرها على نحو ينسجم مع التطور في المجتمعات ومستجدات الحياة التي تتطلب استحداث الإبداعات في الوسائل التكنولوجية والذكاء الاصطناعي، ويستتبع ذلك تحديث الملكات القانونية على نحو يتلاءم مع طبيعة هذا التطور.
ولأهمية الموضوع بينت الدراسة دور الملكة القانونية في تنمية وتطوير فكر الشخص القانوني في تكوين الأحكام القضائية والآراء الفقهية وكيفية بناء الشخصية القانونية والأساس الفلسفي لتكوين الفكر القانوني إضافة إلى بيان دور الملكة القانونية في تفسير وتسبيب الأحكام والوقائع.
وتكمن إشكالية الدراسة في غموض مصطلح الملكة القانونية وعدم وجود معايير واضحة، فهي لا ترتكز على أصول الفقه القانوني فحسب، بل على أصول الفقه الشرعي أيضاً، وعليه لابد من تحديد الركائز أو الأسس التي تساهم في تكوينها ، وهو ما تم بيانه من خلال الدراسة
وقد تبنت الدراسة المنهج التحليلي؛ لبيان المقصود بالملكة القانونية وأهميتها بالنسبة إلى الشخص القانوني وتمييزها من غيرها ، وتقسيماتها ، ودورها في بناء الفكر القانوني السليم.
وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى عدة توصيات أهمها: السعي لوضع إطار قانوني للملكة القانونية بشكل عام، ويمثل الحد الأدنى المشترك بحيث ينطبق على أصحابها، بغض النظر عن البيئة التي يعيش فيها أو أيديولوجية الدولة التي ينتمي إليها
أركان القرار الإداري في عصر الذكاء الاصطناعي
Get PDFThis research deals with the extent to which the pillars of the administrative decision are available in the legal concept within the artificial intelligence system, through a review of the substantive and formal pillars, and an attempt to adapt them within the technical perception of them, to ensure their validity if those decisions are issued by artificial intelligence systems.
Where the formal pillars (represented in the corner of competence and the corner of form), as well as the substantive pillars (represented in the corner of the shop, the reason, the end) were presented to the general extent with
which it is possible to stand on a conceptualization of the
extent of the success of the application of the system to administrative decisions, and work through a review methodology the rules and principles associated with them and which must be provided in these pillars for the validity of their issuance in the light of artificial intelligence systems, and
then projecting them on the expected possibilities to consider how to provide or accept them within the artificial intelligence system, and how to avoid its problems and shortcomings in order
to ensure the validity of the issuance of those decisions, through a micro-simulation and legal experience. Although the technology can be implemented on the ground, its implementation requires the adoption of methodologies based on several principles that ensure proper application of it, which was addressed in the last requirement of this research, and the need to ensure the governance of procedures to ensure their safety to the extent necessary for their safety.
تناول هذا البحث مدى إمكانية توافر أركان القرار الإداري بالمفهوم القانوني ضمن منظومة الذكاء الاصطناعي، باستعراض الأركان الموضوعية والشكلية، ومحاولة تطويعها ضمن التصور التقني لها، بغرض ضمان صحتها عند إصدار تلك القرارات بواسطة أنظمة الذكاء الاصطناعي.
فعُرِضت الأركان الشكلية (الممثلة في ركن الاختصاص وركن الشكل)، و الأركان الموضوعية (المتمثلة في ركن المحل، السبب، الغاية) بالقدر العام الذي يمكن معه الوقوف على وضع تصور بشأن مدى نجاح تطبيق المنظومة على القرارات الإدارية، والعمل من خلال منهجية استعراض القواعد والمبادئ المرتبطة بها والواجب توفرها في هذه الأركان لصحة صدورها على ضوء أنظمة الذكاء الاصطناعي، ومن ثم إسقاطها على الاحتمالات المتوقعة للنظر في كيفية توفيرها أو قبولها ضمن منظومة الذكاء الاصطناعي، وكيفية تفادي إشكالياتها وعيوبها بهدف ضمان صحة صدور تلك القرارات، من خلال تصور مصغر لمحاكاة وتجربة قانونية. وإن كانت التقنية ممكنة التنفيذ على أرض الواقع إلا أن إعمالها يتطلب اتِّباع منهجيات قائمة على عدد من المبادئ التي تضمن التطبيق السليم لها، وهو ما تم التطرق إليها في المطلب الأخير من هذا البحث، وضرورة التأكد من حوكمة الإجراءات لضمان سلامتها بالقدر اللازم
INCREASING THE PHYTOREMEDIATION EFFICIENCY OF HEAVY METAL-CONTAMINATED SOILS IN THE UAE USING ENDOPHYTIC ACTINOBACTERIA FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Get PDFPollution caused by heavy metals (HMs) is a major environmental concern worldwide. Human actions, agriculture practices and industrial activities can cause the release of HMs into the environment. Soil contamination with HMs may have negative effects on crops, thus disrupting the food chain and posing risks to human health. Lead (Pb) is a common pollutant found in soils when at high concentrations. Conventional land remediation techniques depending on chemical and mechanical methods are quite expensive and would lead to long-term deterioration of the ecosystems. Phytoremediation can serve as an alternative, eco-friendly approach to restore the lands for agricultural purposes. Hyperaccumulator plants, such as corn (Zea mays), have the ability to absorb toxic HMs beyond the normal limits. After certain duration, however, plants may release the stress hormone ethylene (ET) in response to HMs stress. In this study, the aim was to determine the effect of plant growth promoting (PGP) endophytic actinobacteria producing 1-aminocyclopropane1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD) on plant growth in response to Pb (50 and 100 mM). Endophytic actinobacteria were isolated from the roots of corn plants obtained near Zakher Lake, Al Ain, UAE. According to the in vitro tests using different Pb concentrations, two endophytic actinobacteria residing within plant tissues were selected for further investigation. The two endophytic strains were regarded as H2-5 (the non-producing ACCD isolate) and Ax5-1 (the ACCD-producing isolate). Greenhouse experiments were carried out to study the effect of the selected strains on corn plants in response to 50 and 100 mM Pb stress. The obtained results about the growth promotion in corn plants inoculated with Ax5-1 and exposed to any Pb concentration suggest that this ACCD-producing isolate can reduce Pb stress and enhance growth in plants. There were 55% and 36% increase in the length and fresh weight (FW) of the shoot, respectively; in 50 mM Pb exposed corn plants. Upon exposure to 100 mM Pb, plants inoculated with the endophytic Ax5-1 also showed similar pattern of increase in FW in shoot tissues by 52% and root tissues by 34%, compared to control plants not suffering from Pb stress. This suggests that corn plants can hyperaccumulate more Pb in its tissues associated with growth promotion with Ax5-1 inoculation. Under 100 mM Pb stress conditions, plants inoculated with the ACCD-producing endophytic Ax5-1 isolate significantly (p\u3c0.05) accumulated more Pb in root and shoot tissues, resulting in decreased levels of Pb in the treated soil. These findings suggest that PGP endophytic actinobacteria possessing ACCD activity can play a pivotal role in ameliorating the negative effect of Pb stress on plants as an eco-friendly and sustainable agricultural practice
GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF NATIVE UAE PLANT SPECIES: THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF ELEVATED CO2 AND TEMPERATURE
Get PDFThe dissertation offers an extensive analysis of the physiological adaptations and coping strategies of native plant species in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to the elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature, within the broader context of human-induced climate change. Given the arid climate of the UAE, understanding how native species respond to environmental stressors is critical for the preservation of biodiversity and the development of sustainable agricultural practices. This study focuses specifically on the germination and early growth stages of three crucial native species—Senna italica, Prosopis cineraria, and Tephrosia nubica—under controlled conditions that simulate future climatic scenarios. The aim is to comprehend the morphological and physiological adjustments that facilitate survival and growth in these species under elevated CO2 (400 ppm ambient to 800 ppm) and temperature (35°C ambient to 50°C). Controlled growth chamber experiments were conducted to quantitatively assess changes in germination rates, seedling biomass accumulation, root and shoot length, and physiological stress markers, alongside hormonal analyses to understand the underlying mechanisms of adaptation or stress response. The study\u27s quantitative results reveal a complex range of responses among the three focal species. Senna italica displayed a robust increase in germination rate by approximately 25% and seedling root elongation by 15% under elevated CO2, suggesting a potential carbon fertilization effect. In contrast, Prosopis cineraria showed a significant enhancement in both germination rate and early seedling growth (20% increase in shoot length and 18% in biomass) primarily under combined elevated CO2 and temperature conditions, indicating a synergistic adaptation to both stressors. Tephrosia nubica exhibited a mixed response upon exposure to elevated CO2 levels, demonstrating a moderate increase in germination success by 10% but a negligible change in seedling growth parameters. This finding highlights the species-specific adaptive capacities and potential vulnerabilities of Tephrosia nubica under changing climatic conditions. This dissertation significantly advances our understanding of desert plant adaptation to climate change, providing critical insights into the resilience and adaptive capacities of Senna italica, Prosopis cineraria, and Tephrosia nubica. The study\u27s findings emphasize the significance of speciesspecific research in predicting ecological responses to global climate change, informing targeted conservation strategies, and enhancing the resilience of agricultural systems in arid environments. By focusing on the germination and early growth stages, this research fills a critical gap in our knowledge of plant physiological responses to elevated CO2 and temperature, thereby setting the stage for future studies on long-term adaptation and survival strategies. This dissertation offers critical insights into the resilience and adaptive capacities of Senna italica, Prosopis cineraria, and Tephrosia nubica, highlighting the importance of species-specific studies for predicting ecological responses to global climate change, informing targeted conservation strategies, and enhancing the resilience of agricultural systems in arid environments. By focusing on the germination and early growth stages, this research fills a critical gap in our knowledge of plant physiological responses to elevated CO2 and temperature, setting the stage for future studies on long-term adaptation and survival strategies
ENHANCING HEALTH ANALYTICS: SECURE AND PRIVATE FEDERATED LEARNING SOLUTIONS
Get PDFFederated Learning (FL) is a collaborative approach permitting individuals to jointly train a model without sharing their local datasets with others. FL utilizes decentralized data sources to train machine learning models while protecting privacy, has emerged as a promising method. This holds especially true in medical contexts, where the confidentiality of data is critical. FL permits the utilization of heterogeneous datasets from a variety of healthcare organizations while maintaining patient confidentiality. It also plays a crucial role in advancing medical research and healthcare services while adhering to data distribution and compliance requirements. The primary challenges within federated healthcare encompass privacy preservation among sensitive distributed data, ensuring efficient communication, addressing data heterogeneity, and ultimately guaranteeing model accuracy. To tackle these issues, this thesis proposes solutions aimed at enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and privacy in FL systems. This research centrally employs synthetic data for generating initial model parameters and utilizes federated feature selection methods, effectively improving model convergence and reducing communication and computational overhead. Additionally, synthetic data augmentation mitigates data heterogeneity issues, enhancing model performance. Finally, this research combines differential privacy with synthetic data and Homomorphic Encryption, ensuring secure computations on encrypted data and maintaining data privacy during model aggregation. The experimental results demonstrate the following: a) the proposed solution for generating the initial model reduces the number of iterations by more than a factor of 4 compared to the baseline FL algorithm, while maintaining model accuracy. b) This thesis proposed a federated feature selection method that improves algorithm efficiency by a factor ranging from 4 (Backward Elimination) to 14 (Threshold variance) and enhances accuracy. c) The proposed solution utilizes synthetic data augmentation in heterogeneous data to significantly boost accuracy. d) Finally, this research presents a hybrid privacy mechanism to enhance data privacy while maintaining efficiency and accuracy. In summary, this thesis offers a comprehensive framework for enhancing FL systems, with a specific focus on advancing privacy, efficiency, accuracy, and overall performance
EFFECTS OF A TAEKWONDO-INSPIRED INTERVENTION PROGRAM ON CHILDREN WITH ADHD
Get PDFExercise and physical activity are beneficial for individuals with ADHD, potentially improving physical and cognitive functioning (Kadri et al., 2019). The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a Taekwondo-inspired intervention program on children with ADHD in the UAE context. The research utilized a mixed methods/quasi-experimental design approach, consisting of two phases. Within the first phase, a promising intensive intervention for children with ADHD has been implemented for five weeks, four sessions weekly. The sample of the first phase consisted of four children aged 8-10 years diagnosed with ADHD. Three assessment instruments were used to collect data in phase one and explore the effect of the intervention program: the Motor Behavior Checklist (MBC), the Conners` Teacher and Parent Rating Scales; )CTRS-28(, and the )CPRS-48(. The second phase consisted of semi structured interviews with the mothers of the participants who reflect their experiences and perceptions on their children`s participation. Results: the participation of children with ADHD in a Taekwondo-inspired physical activity intervention supported the improvement in attention, reduction in impulsivity, and improvement in overall symptoms related to ADHD. It is also suggested that the program improved executive functioning and social functioning as perceived by parents. The study’s findings contribute to the broader understanding of how physical activity can support children\u27s behavior and well-being for children with ADHD. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed