United Arab Emirates University
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محكمة درجة التقاضي الواحدة الخاصة خروجاً عن مبدأ تقاضي الدرجتين تطورٌ جديدٌ في قضاء دولة الإمارات دراسةٌ تحليليةٌ في ظل آخر التعديلات التشريعية سنة 2021
Get PDFThis study deals with a very important topic related to the recent amendments made by the Emirati legislator to the Civil Procedures Law, where, through which he created an unprecedented new court, which he calls as \u27the Special Court\u27. In his newly adopted regulation, the law makes this court a court of one level of litigation. The study sought to analyse the newly introduced regulation in this regard. The study also seeks to evaluate the legislator\u27s adopted rules regarding this court, both in general and under the principle of two-court\u27s level litigation, so that any imbalances or defects may be detected and marked. The study adopts more than recommendation, if taken into account, a higher level of justice will be achieved regarding the points in question.
تتناول هذه الدراسة بالبيان موضوعاً في غاية الأهمية والمتعلق بالتعديلات الحديثة التي أدخلها المشرع الإماراتي على قانون الإجراءات المدنية، والتي قام من خلالها بإيجاد محكمة خاصة غير مسبوقةٍ أسماها بالمحكمة الخاصة التي قرر لها أحكاماً تجعل منها درجةً واحدةً للتقاضي، وقد سعت الدراسة إلى بيان الأحكام التي قررها المشرع لهذه المحكمة. كما سعت الدراسة إلى تقييم ما قرره المشرع بخصوص هذه المحكمة، ولاسيما في ظل مبدأ التقاضي على درجتين، وصولاً إلى الوقوف على أي اختلالات وردت في التنظيم المقرر، وقد تبنت الدراسة توصياتٍ عديدةٍ من شأنها إذا ما أُخذ بها أن تؤدي إلى رفع سوية التنظيم القائم والوصول به إلى درجةٍ أعلى من العدالة
HEAT SINK INTEGRATING PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS FOR COOLING HIGH POWER ELECTRONIC DEVICES
Get PDFThis research explores the numerical analysis of phase change materials (PCMs) heat sinks, focusing on high heat flux dissipation applications, e.g. electronics cooling. Both 2D and 3D numerical models using gallium and paraffin RT31 as PCMs are considered within a heat sink design framework featuring a rectangular cavity and dual opposing vertical copper walls serving as fins to dissipate heat from the hot sink base that receives heat from the heat source. The inclusion of a Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) ‘Primitive’ structure as an in-fill thermal conductivity enhancer (TCE) in the case of the gallium heat sink, and a ‘Primitive’ TPMS structure combined with high thermal conductivity metal foam in the case of the RT31 heat sink, aims to enhance the heat dissipation efficiency within the sink cavity. To further enhance the thermal performance, the study fosters a temperature differential across the sink cavity, initiating buoyancy-driven circulations within the melted PCM to augment cooling of the hot sink base by natural convection. This temperature differential is achieved by subjecting one of the two opposing sink walls to external forced convection cooling with the ambient surroundings and insulating the other wall. Investigations extend to varying sink-base placements on top of the heating source surface area, sink cavity aspect ratios while maintaining PCM volume, and the impact of using metal foam and TPMS structures for improved heat transfer. A range of cavity heights from 14mm to 20mm, corresponding to aspect ratios (height/width) from 0.65 to 1.3, respectively, are considered. Two heat flux levels are applied at the sink base, 15 W/cm², and 6 W/cm², across a 15mm span. However, for the paraffine sink cases, only 6 W/cm² heat flux was applied, as paraffin failed to withstand such a high heat flux value of 15 W/cm², even when the TPMS structure and the metal foam were utilized. Results indicate that the most effective thermal management occurs at an aspect ratio of 0.963, with the sink optimally positioned at the heat source\u27s edge. This configuration ensures minimal peak temperatures and restricted spreading of the hottest spots on top of the sink base. For the gallium heat sink cases, gallium alone as PCM (without the inclusion of TPMS structure or metal foam) stands out for its superior heat dissipation performance. When gallium is integrated within the TPMS structures it shows markedly enhanced heat dissipation features in the sink, resulting in a peak temperature reduction of approximately 10°C compared to the baseline case without TPMS structures. Furthermore, for the paraffine sink cases, the integration of the metal foam within the TPMS configurations demonstrates efficient heat dissipation, achieving a steady-state peak temperature decrease by about 5°C, compared to the baseline case. This comparative analysis underscores the importance of PCM material selection, structural and design configurations, and the synergistic effects of paraffin, metal foam, and TPMS structures in achieving optimal thermal management for high heat flux generating devises such as electronics
The principle of judicial conviction in view of the rulings of the Federal Supreme Court
Get PDFThe principle of judicial conviction is the main pillar of the theory of criminal evidence, it is not imagined that the criminal judge issues his judgment without basing this judgment on a firm conviction that has no doubt or guess, as it is known that criminal judgments of conviction are based on certainty and certainty, and the principle of judicial conviction represents a major guarantee of reassurance of the validity and integrity of penal judgments and access to justice, and this study dealt with rooting and analyzing what the principle of judicial conviction is in the jurisprudence of positive law, UAE legislation and the rulings of the Federal Supreme Court, and what are the restrictions The principle and its controls are based on the historical principles of the principle and the penal evidence system in the United Arab Emirates and the scope of its application in the rulings of the Federal Supreme Court in the crimes of retribution, blood money and ta\u27zir crimes . It should be noted the importance of the philosophical and legal rooting of the concept of judicial conviction and knowledge of the controls and restrictions contained therein, and the outcome of the judicial experience in the Federal Supreme Court in its rulings and the extent of its approach and difference with the philosophical foundations, especially since the court represents the pinnacle of the UAE judiciary, as the first article of Federal Decree Law No. 33 of 2022 regarding the establishment of the Federal Supreme Court stipulates that the Federal Supreme Court is an independent judicial body, which is the supreme judicial body in the Federation, based in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi . It may hold its sessions as an exception when necessary in any of the emirates of the State. The researcher reached several results, including the adoption of the UAE legislator system of free criminal evidence, known in accordance with the principle of judicial conviction , and his adoption of the legal procedural system in certain matters decided in the crimes of retribution and blood money, and subjecting them to the rules of evidence emanating from the provisions of Islamic Sharia in accordance with the analysis of the jurisprudence of the Federal Supreme Court, and this is a restriction on the principle of judicial conviction that governs the process of proving crimes in general in the UAE criminal evidence system, and not taking into account the legal evidence system , The researcher recommended the need to enact a federal law on the legal procedures for the crimes of retribution and blood money before the courts in the country, because of the absorption of legislative developments in the legislative arena in the United Arab Emirates, while examining the possibility of consolidating new principles of the Federal Supreme Court by adding some restrictions to the principle of judicial conviction with regard to the issue of evaluating evidence
EXPRESSION OF HUMAN ARGININE VASOPRESSIN IN ARABIDOPSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE
Get PDFHuman Arginine Vasopressin (HsAVP) is a nona-peptide that acts as an antidiuretic hormone. In human AVP regulates water permeability through the regulation of the water channel, aquaporin 2. The process begins with the binding of vasopressin to V2 receptor which activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). PKA phosphorylates aquaporin-2 at Ser256 and allows the aquaporin-2- containing vesicle to fuse with the apical membrane which increases water permeability. The present study describes the functional analysis of the codon-optimized HsAVP overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. The main objective of the study is to assess if HsAVP affects drought and salinity stress tolerance of the transgenic A. thaliana in vitro and in soil. Among the different lines tested, transgenic line 8 (TL8) exhibited high drought tolerance in vitro as well as in soil. This plant line overexpressing HsAVP showed a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in the root length of the plants grown on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 350 mM sorbitol compared to the wild type plants (control). The results using the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) displayed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the relative expression of HsAVP and plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (AtPIP1 and AtPIP2) in TL8 overexpressing line. In addition, the aquaporin-related genes PIP1;1, PIP1;2, PIP1;3, PIP1;5, PIP2;1, PIP2;4-2;8 showed relatively increased transcript levels in TL8 under drought stress. The data suggest that drought tolerance in HsAVP overexpression lines can be through the activation of plant aquaporin channel genes. The present study on the overexpression of HsAVP is the first in plants; thus, HsAVP can modulate the expression of different plant aquaporin channel genes to enhance abiotic stress tolerance and plant growth
HOW TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP IMPROVES INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF TEACHERS’ CHANGE-ORIENTED ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP AND APPRECIATION
Get PDFEnhancing educational outcomes in the education system of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) hinges on improving teaching and learning practices. This study investigates the influence of transformational leadership approaches on instructional practices within science classrooms while examining the potential mediating effects of enhanced change-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors and heightened organizational appreciation. Data are gathered from 297 teachers in UAE government schools through survey instruments featuring modified existing organizational context scales and scales inspired by the PISA 2015 cycle’s teacher and student questionnaires. The collected data are analyzed using SmartPLS software to reveal the statistical significance, strength, and direction of direct and indirect effects of transformational leadership approaches on instructional practices. The findings of this study indicate that there is no positive relationship between transformational leadership and instructional practices. However, it is worth noting that transformational leadership does have a notable influence on both change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and organizational appreciation. Additionally, empirical findings are presented to support the notion that change-oriented OCB serves as a positive mediator in the association between transformational leadership and instructional practices. Nonetheless, it is important to note that organizational appreciation does not exhibit the same mediating effect. The results bear significant implications for policy makers and educators, shedding light on the vital role of effective leadership approaches in fostering change-oriented organizational behaviors and organizational appreciation to enhance teaching practices in UAE science classrooms
تحليل تاريخي للممارسة التخطيطية الاولى لطرق مدينة البصرة سنة 1917
Get PDFالمخلص: تنوعت وسائل النقل في المدن المختلفة فمنها النقل المائي الذي يتمثل بالنقل البحري والنهري, والنقل الجوي, والنقل البري, والاخير يمثل احدى السبل الاكثر رواجاً في اغلب المدن, ولكون هذه الوسائل تحتاج الي بنى تحتية, برزت اهمية الطرق في النقل البري كونها الشرايين الرابطة بين اجزاء المدن, ولا تعد مجرد طرق للمواصلات وانما تتعدى هذه الخاصية الي امتلاكها خصائص ومميزات مكانية مع مرور الزمن. ولأجل ذلك تطرق البحث الي طرق بصورة عامة, وبعد نقد الدراسات والطروحات السابقة تبين وجود نقص معرفي متمثل في عدم وجود دراسة معمارية مختصة بتخطيط طرق مدينة البصرة لسنة 1917, بوصفها الممارسة التخطيطية الاولى لطرق المدينة, بصورة خاصة, وللعراق بصورة عامة, اذ يعد هذا التخطيط ذو اهمية تاريخية بالنسبة للمخططين والمهتمين بتاريخ المدينة, واثر القوات البريطانية على المدينة ننفسها, تمثل هدف البحث في توضيح تخطيط شوارع المدينة للمناطق (البصرة القديمة حاليا, والعشار, المعقل اذ تعد هذه المناطق الثلاث هي النواة الحضرية الاساسية لمدينة البصرة الحالية) , وتميز انواعها المختلفة التي صنفتها القوات البريطانية واطلق عليها تسميات ومميزة, وبيان انواعها واهميتها بالنسبة الي المدينة, وصولا الي وضع الاستنتاجات الخاصة بالبحث
VALORIZATION OF DATE PALM WASTE FOR THE ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND SURFACE CHEMISTRY MODIFICATION OF NANOCELLULOSE
Get PDFThere are an estimated 42 million date palms in the United Arab Emirates and thousands of tons of date palm waste are produced annually. Date palm waste is a lignocellulosic material and can be used to extract cellulose, which is the most abundant and renewable biopolymer on earth. This dissertation focused on the thorough characterization and kinetic analysis of various date palm wastes to evaluate the percentage of α−cellulose by weight, lignocellulosic nature, and thermal stability, followed by the extraction and characterization of cellulose and nanocellulose (NC). NC is an emerging candidate to produce biodegradable and low-cost composites, bioplastics, insulation materials, food packaging films, etc. The production of NC by conventional hydrolysis processes using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is subject to certain limitations that hinder its production on a commercial scale. Ionic liquids (ILs) as green solvents can produce NC from lignocellulosic waste with good physiochemical and thermal properties. This research focused on the extraction and characterization of NC using mineral acids (H2SO4 and HCl) and three different ILs (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride). Investigating the critical aspect of NC yield and particle size, both of which are the most important parameters for determining hydrolysis efficiency. This research thesis presents a novel process in which the hydrolysis of cellulose using mineral acid and ILs is supported by transition metal complexes. Transition metal complex such as copper nitrate in combination with pyridine as a ligand improved the yield by 10−25%, reduced particle size of nanocellulose (≈100 nm), improved crystallinity index (=60−80%), increased thermal stability ( ≥250 °C), and activation energy ( ≥150 kJ/mol) when used in an amount of 0.5−1.5 wt%. Energy Dispersive X−ray Spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the purity of the NC with no residual copper. Finally, the hydrophilic nature of NC was modified by a silanization process to make it redisperse, demonstrating its potential application in the production of biodegradable composites. NC extracted using mineral acids and ILs hydrolysis was characterized using advanced techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and () analysis. The dissemination of these research results will have a profound impact on the NC production industry, leading to improved yields and the production of nano-sized fibers using green solvents for cellulose hydrolysis, removing the significant limitations associated with mineral acids. The project also helps to highlight the use of lignocellulosic waste and reduce the cost of expensive waste management systems and landfill requirements in the United Arab Emirates and the Gulf region
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT LEADERSHIP POTENTIAL AND SELF-PERCEIVED EMPLOYABILITY AND THE MODERATING ROLE OF STUDENT ENGAGEMENT
Get PDFThe employability of university graduates is increasingly crucial for economic development, particularly in the Arab region, where youth unemployment is escalating. This thesis examines the self-perceived employability (SPE) among undergraduate students in the UAE, exploring its relationship with leadership potential (LP) and higher education student engagement (HESE). Previous studies underscore the importance of aligning higher education outcomes with labour market demands. Research in student leadership and student engagement emphasizes that proactive engagement and leadership development are pivotal in enhancing employability. This thesis builds on these findings, focusing on the unique context of the UAE. A quantitative methodology was used to answer three research questions that validated three scales of SPE, LP, and HESE in the context of one public university in the UAE. Statistical analyses, including structural-equation modelling (SEM), were conducted to explore the relationships between these constructs. The results indicate strong positive and significant associations between SPE and LP (b=0.555) and HESE (b=0.463). Therefore, validated scales confirm that leadership potential and student engagement significantly influence perceptions of employability among UAE undergraduates. The findings highlight the critical role of higher education institutions in fostering university environments that enhance student engagement and leadership development. The study recommends that educators and policymakers enhance co-curricular and extracurricular offerings to include more leadership development opportunities and enhanced student engagement activities, ensuring students are equipped with the multifaceted skills necessary to navigate the challenges of the labour market effectively
SCHOOL LEADERSHIP FOR THE PRACTICE OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Get PDFThe number of students with disabilities in regular classrooms is increasing. In 2020, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) introduced a new policy with the goal of promoting inclusive education in all public schools. Although the UAE government is committed to the education of children with disabilities, the role of school leaders is vital to the successful implementation of inclusive education in schools. While school leaders have been found to be the main agents in steering inclusive practices, their contribution to practices in schools in the UAE context remains empirically unresearched. The objective of this study was to explore elementary school leaders’ contribution towards the enactment of inclusive education in schools. The study was guided by a heuristic inclusive education leadership framework, which is a strength-based leadership conceptual model focusing on the role of school leaders under transactional, transformational, and instructional leadership within a school context. The study employed an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. The first phase involved the collection of quantitative data (N = 151) from school leaders, which was followed by in-depth qualitative data interviews (N = 10) to develop insight into experiences. The Heuristic Inclusive Education Leadership Scale, developed for this study, was used for data collection in the first phase. Furthermore, the quality of inclusive practices was measured using the Quality Scale of Inclusive School Development (QU!S-S). The study provided theoretical support for the heuristic leadership model that guided the study (see Paper 1). The findings of the study showed a significant relationship between the tenets of the heuristic leadership models (transactional, transformational, and instructional) (see Paper 1). The results provide support for the heuristic inclusive leadership model as a valuable training model for school leader training in the UAE. Demographic variables, such as educational qualifications, also provided additional insight into school leaders (see Paper 1). Additionally, a relationship was found between school leadership and inclusive practices (see Paper 2). However, participants were ambivalent regarding both school leadership and inclusive practices (Paper 3). Follow-up qualitative data showed that school leaders demonstrated an in-depth understanding of their role in fostering inclusive practices in schools. For instance, school leaders emphasized that effective collaboration is needed for the successful implementation of inclusive education. In conclusion, the study highlights the need to redefine inclusive education leadership and the provision of appropriate training for school leaders in the UAE. Specifically, the study concludes with a recommendation for contextualized training programs, policy adaptations, and continued research to enhance leadership capabilities for successful inclusive practices in the UAE
ASSESSING THE SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH AND PARTICLE SIZES IN THE UAE ATMOSPHERE USING REMOTELY SENSED DATA
Get PDFThis thesis investigates atmospheric aerosol concentrations, with a particular focus on the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study maps the spatial and temporal variations in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and characterizes aerosols using high-resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products. The primary objective of this research is to enhance the understanding of aerosol dynamics in the UAE by distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic aerosols through the Angström Exponent (AE) and assessing their impacts on local climate, air quality, and public health. The study employs Remote Sensing (RS) techniques to conduct detailed environmental assessments, analyzing AOD variability across daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual timescales. This includes examining the influence of natural phenomena, such as dust storms, and human activities, such as industrial emissions and transportation. The analysis reveals significant trends and fluctuations in AOD driven by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Daily variability is marked by extreme values during dust storms, while monthly and seasonal variabilities show peaks during the summer due to increased dust activity and industrial emissions. Annual variability reflects long-term trends influenced by industrial growth and meteorological conditions, with notable reductions during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research provides critical insights into the impacts of various aerosol sources and advances the application of remote sensing technology in environmental assessments. The study\u27s findings contribute to a better understanding of aerosol dynamics and their implications for climate models, air quality management, and public health strategies