United Arab Emirates University
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الحماية الجنائية للبيانات الجينومية (دراسة تحليلية مقارنة)
Get PDFCriminal Protection of Genomic Data
This research examines the criminal protection of genomic data through a comparative study between the United Arab Emirates and the United States of America, with the aim of analyzing how each legal system addresses these sensitive data and the associated risks، Genomic data, which relates to individuals\u27 genetic information, is crucial in various fields such as medicine, insurance, and employment, making its protection essential to ensure individuals\u27 privacy and to safeguard them from genetic discrimination or unlawful exploitation.
The UAE legislature is showing an increasing interest in regulating aspects related to genetic data and genomics, by issuing a set of recent laws that aim to protect privacy and ensure the responsible and fair use of these resources. At the forefront of these laws is Federal Law by Decree No. (49) of 2023 Regulating the Use of the Human Genome, which sets precise regulatory frameworks for the use of the human genome, taking into account the ethical, medical and technical aspects associated with it. In addition, Federal Law No. (8) of 2021 on Access to Genetic Resources and their Derivatives and Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Originating from their Utilization and recognizes the principle of fair and equitable sharing of returns arising from their use. Federal Decree by Law No. (45) of 2021 Concerning the Protection of Personal Data is an essential pillar to protect sensitive information, including genetic data, by establishing clear rules for processing, preservation, transfer, and legal accountability. The integration of these laws reflects the UAE\u27s direction towards building a balanced legal environment that supports scientific innovation while respecting individual rights.
In the United States, the research analyzes the Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act (GINA), which aims to protect individuals from discrimination based on genetic information, particularly in employment and health insurance ، The study discusses the practical application of this law and evaluates its effectiveness in combating genetic discrimination amid the rapid advancements in genetic science.
The research relies on comparative analysis between the two legal systems to identify the differences and similarities in the legislation related to genomic data protection, and assesses the effectiveness of these laws in protecting individuals from misuse of genomic data for unlawful or unethical purposes، It also addresses the practical challenges faced by both the UAE and the United States in mitigating risks associated with genomic data, such as leaks or commercial exploitation.
The thesis offers recommendations to improve the legal framework in both countries, suggesting the development of laws to include more stringent regulations on the use of genomic data, and providing greater guarantees to protect individuals from genetic discrimination or unauthorized exploitation, thereby strengthening privacy rights in the future
SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENTS
Get PDFThis study examines subcontracting agreements, which play a crucial role in the construction sector, particularly given the increasing complexity of engineering projects and the need to distribute tasks among specialized contractors. The research aims to analyze the legal challenges associated with these agreements, including the obligations of the parties, the scope of liability, and mechanisms for dispute resolution. It also highlights the relationship between the main contractor and the subcontractor, as well as the role of legal frameworks, including FIDIC contracts, in regulating this relationship.The study concludes that subcontracting agreements significantly enhance the efficiency of engineering project execution; however, they also raise legal issues concerning the determination of responsibilities and the protection of rights among contracting parties. Additionally, the findings underscore the importance of establishing clear dispute resolution mechanisms and promoting transparency in contract implementation.Among the key recommendations of this study is the need for a more precise legal framework to define subcontractor obligations and ensure a balance between the rights of all parties. The study also suggests legislative amendments that can help minimize disputes arising from subcontracting agreements
CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS MOSQUITOES IN THE ABU DHABI EMIRATE: ASSESSING DELTAMETHRIN INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE AND ASSOCIATED MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES
Get PDFThis study investigates the Culex quinquefasciatus is a major vector of West Nile virus, lymphatic filariasis, and arboviruses, which represent public health risk. Widespread application of pyrethroid insecticides has increased resistance in mosquito populations threatening the effectiveness of control strategies. This study aims to (1) assess deltamethrin resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus populations across the Abu Dhabi Emirate, (2) characterize the microbial communities associated with these mosquitoes. Mosquitoes from sites around the Abu Dhabi Emirate were collected and genomic DNA extracted for molecular analysis. PCR and allele-specific primers were used to detect knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the sodium channel gene, classifying mosquitoes as susceptible (SS), heterozygous resistant (RS), or homozygous resistant (RR). Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to analyze bacterial communities, with a focus on pathogenic taxa. The results revealed a high kdr mutation rate, confirming widespread deltamethrin resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus populations. The bacterial community analysis identified potentially harmful bacterial taxa that may affect mosquito fitness and pathogen transmission. This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of deltamethrin resistance and mosquito microbiota in the UAE, providing important insights into vector resistance management. Such findings call for alternate control strategies and continuous surveillance to limit the impact of insecticide resistance on existing and future vector control programs in the region
ASSESSING READINESS FOR TRANSFORMATION FROM RULE-BASED TO AI-BASED CHATBOT IN UAE HEALTHCARE: A CASE STUDY OF A REHABILITATION HOSPITAL IN ABU DHABI
Get PDFThis research investigates the readiness of UAE healthcare institutions to transition from rule-based chatbot systems to AI-powered alternatives, focusing on a rehabilitation hospital in Abu Dhabi. Through a structured quantitative study involving 96 healthcare professionals, the research explores technology acceptance, service quality, usability, and implementation readiness. Findings highlight strong correlations between perceived usefulness and behavioral intention to adopt AI, emphasizing the importance of integration, staff training, and service reliability. The study proposes a practical implementation framework for healthcare transformation, offering insights for institutions seeking to improve operational efficiency through AI integration
LEGISLATIVE POLICY AND MEASURING THE IMPACT OF LEGISLATIONS IN THE UAE
Get PDFThis study aims to measure the current situation in the UAE in terms of applying the methodology of measuring the impact of legislation, and the extent of the necessity of establishing binding federal legislation, whether in the form of a federal law or a regulatory decision that regulates the most important legal provisions and procedural details of the process or methodology of measuring the impact of national legislation, or whether it requires re-studying the legislative cycle according to which laws and regulatory decisions are issued in the country, analyzing the processes, and introducing the process of measuring the impact of legislation within the legislative cycle to ensure its full implementation, such that skipping or ignoring this process in requesting the preparation of laws and regulatory decisions in the country is a clear transgression. This study is about the approach and direction of the government of the United Arab Emirates in evaluating the impact of legislation, through analyzing the methodology followed in the country and comparing it with the approved international methodologies, and monitoring the pros and cons of this practice, and then exploring the means to evaluate, develop and criticize it if it is flawed in any of its aspects. It is hoped that this study will lead to establishing the features of a general policy in the field of legislation, the aim of which is to establish best practices in the field and propose solutions that may help in filling the legal gap related to studying the impact of legislation in the state
IDENTIFYING BARRIERS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF IMPLEMENTING RETROFITTING STRATEGIES IN EXISTING BUILDINGS IN THE UAE
Get PDFThe UAE’s built environment significantly impacts sustainability due to its high energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, necessitating effective retrofitting strategies to improve the efficiency and performance of aging buildings. This research aims to identify the barriers, challenges, and opportunities associated with implementing retrofitting strategies in the UAE, providing insights to guide policymakers and stakeholders toward sustainable practices. A mixed-method approach was adopted, including comprehensive literature reviews, stakeholder surveys, and interviews. The results reveal significant barriers such as high upfront costs (reported by 68% of respondents), limited awareness among building owners (54%), and fragmented regulations, including inconsistencies in thermal insulation standards across emirates. Additionally, 46% of participants highlighted the absence of standardized methodologies as a major hurdle. Despite these challenges, the research emphasizes opportunities to leverage supportive policies and advancements in retrofitting technologies to achieve energy savings and environmental benefits. This study significantly contributes by offering a structured framework for addressing these barriers and promoting retrofitting in the UAE. It fills a critical gap in region-specific research, enabling the development of tailored solutions for enhancing sustainability in the built environment
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADHD SCALE IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: AN EXPLORATORY MIXED-METHODS STUDY
Get PDFThis study aims to develop culturally sensitive rating scales for teachers and parents to identify students at risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the United Arab Emirates. An exploratory mixed-method research design was utilized for this study. The Eldeeb Teachers’ and Parents’ ADHD Rating Scale (ETPARS) was created to provide a reliable and valid culturally-based tool for identifying students at risk for ADHD. The scale comprises an item pool of 25 items that assess attention deficits and hyperactivity across three domains: inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and the effects of ADHD. The scale was administered to 465 children, which is essential as it enables psychologists, special education teachers, general education teachers, parents, and researchers to utilize a reliable psychometric tool for evaluating the attention and behavioral functioning of children aged 5 to 13. Additionally, the study\u27s findings revealed that teachers and parents perceive ADHD as a disorder caused by medical, behavioral, or environmental factors, with combined ADHD being the most common type. Furthermore, the results indicated that the prevalence rate of ADHD is 6.7%, according to both teachers and parents. When considering severity, the prevalence of ADHD drops to 1.7%. Furthermore, the study\u27s instrument, “ETPARS,” revealed that teachers and parents rated male students, students from the UAE, and those with ADHD higher than female students, expatriates, and students without ADHD. Lastly, discrepancies between parents\u27 and teachers\u27 ratings occur in the school cycle variable, where teachers rated cycle two higher than parents did. The study suggests implementing an awareness campaign on ADHD for parents, teachers, and the broader community
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOS PATHWAY GENES (SOS1, SOS2, SOS3) IN AVICENNIA MARINA: INSIGHTS INTO SALINITY STRESS TOLERANCE
Get PDFAbiotic stress is a major challenge for agricultural productivity. Salinity stress is a vital environmental constraint that significantly limits plant growth and reduce crop yield worldwide. Halophytes, such as Avicennia marina, offer unique opportunities to dissect adaptive mechanisms underlying salt tolerance. This study focuses on the structural and functional characterization of the Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway genes (SOS1, SOS2, SOS3) from A. marina. Full-length cDNAs of AmSOS1, AmSOS2, and AmSOS3 were cloned and characterized. The sequecne analysis of these genes compared to the respective orthologs revealed high similarities and conservation of all important domains. For AmSOS1 and AmSOS3, one isoform was identified. However, for AmSOS2, two isoforms were identified , AmSOS2-A and AmSOS2-B. These two distinct isoforms were idintified to be a result of alternative splicing. Furthermore, Structural modeling of these proteins based on a close ortholog illustrated the folding of each protein and highlited the similarities/differences to previous orthologs. Functional analysis demonstrated that AmSOS1, AmSOS2, and AmSOS3 were able to complement the respective mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana, restoring normal salt tolerance. The splice variant, isoform AmSOS2-B showed the ability to activate the SOS pathway in the sos3-1 mutant background but not in sos2-1, indicating the partial independence and functional plasticity of this variant. Protein–protein interaction studies confirmed the physical association between both SOS2 isoforms and the C-terminal domain of AmSOS1. Moreover, overexpression of AmSOS1, AmSOS2, and AmSOS3 in wild-type A. thaliana conferred enhanced salt tolerance, accompanied by reduced oxidative damage and improved physiological responses. In addition, AmSOS1 enhanced salt stress tolerance in transgenic tomato plants, which had better growth and yield compared to non transgenic tomato. Collectively, These results confirm that the cloned A. marina SOS genes are functional orthologs. Their ability to enhance salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato plants underscores their value for the development of salt-tolerant crop varieties
آثار نزع الملكية للمنفعة العامة على حقّ الملكية الخاصة في النظام السعودي
Get PDFAbstract
The decisions of private property expropriation for the public interest, issued by administrative authorities, are among the most important practical applications, that clarify the nature of the relationship between administrative authorities and individuals, as the principle of public benefit is used as a justification for the expropriation of private property against the will of the individual. The aim of this study is to investigate the legality of decisions to expropriate private property for the public interest. Such decisions are closely related to a basic human right (the right of ownership), which necessitates examining the meaning of public interest, and its validity as a justification for restricting the private property rights. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the public interest is used as a justification for restricting the private property rights, based on the priority of public benefit over the private. But at the same time, in accordance with the principles of human rights in general, and to protect the private property rights in particular, the Kingdom has issued numerous measures and regulations, the most notably the Law of Expropriation of Real Estate for the Public Benefit and the Temporary seizure of Real Estateand its implementing regulations. The regulations ensure that administrative authorities do not abuse their powers, and that the individual is compensated in a manner that redresses his harm, which confirms the legitimacy of the decisions to expropriate property for the public benefit.
ملخص البحث
إنّ قرارات نزع الملكية الخاصة للمنفعة العامة، الصادرة من السلطات الإدارية، هي من أهم التطبيقات العملية التي توضّح طبيعة العلاقة بين السلطات والأفراد؛ إذ إنّ مبدأ المنفعة العامة يتمّ استخدامه مبرّرًا لنزع الملكية الخاصة جبراً عن إرادة الفرد. إنّ الهدف من هذه الدراسة، هو البحث في مدى مشروعية قرارات نزع الملكية الخاصة للمنفعة العامةح إذ إنّ مثل هذه القرارات مرتبط ارتباطًا وثيقًا بحقّ أساسي من حقوق الإنسان (حقّ الملكية)، ممّا يحتّم ضرورة النظر في معنى المنفعة العامة، ومدى صلاحيتها في جعلها مبرّراً لتقييد حقّ الملكية الخاصة. في المملكة العربية السعودية، يتمّ استخدام المنفعة العامة مبررًا لتقييد حقّ الملكية الخاصة؛ بناء على أولوية المنفعة العامة على الخاصة. ولكن في الوقت نفسه، وتطبيقاً لمبادئ حقوق الإنسان بشكل عام، ولحماية حقّ الملكية الخاصة بشكل خاص، فقد أصدرت المملكة العديد من الإجراءات والضوابط، أهمّها نظام نزع ملكية العقارات للمنفعة العامة ووضع اليد المؤقت على العقار ولائحته التنفيذية التي تضمن عدم تعسّف السلطات الإدارية في استعمال صلاحياتها، وتعويض الفرد بالشكل الذي يجبر ضرره، ممّا يؤكد مشروعية قرارات نزع الملكية للمنفعة العامة
Tribal Justice as a Means of Resolving Disputes on Shariá Grounds in Palestine
No full textAbstract
Tribal justice is a mechanism of dispute resolution outside ordinary courts in different disciplines. Shari’a law, norms and customs are the main sources of tribal justice in Palestine. Therefore, the characteristics of the Palestinian society (religious, patriarchal, and community-oriented), constitute a favorable atmosphere for tribal justice to flourish. Consequently, tribal justice focuses on achieving reconciled justice, social security, victim compensation, offender rehabilitation, and deterrence.
The relationship between the tribal and formal justice systems in Palestine is dual. The formal justice system typically seeks tribal intervention in serious crimes, such as murder and rape, to prevent revenge and help de-escalate violence.
As a result, the formal justice system usually mitigates the punishment or even closes the file. Furthermore, the intervention of the tribal justice in the criminal cases, under the auspice and supervision of the formal justice system, mainly affects the case management, pace procedures, and judicial backlogs. However, tribal justice is not an abstract mechanism; rather, it is often influenced, positively or negatively, by the political, social, cultural, and economic conditions within the country.
ملخص البحث
القضاء العشائري هو آلية لتسوية المنازعات خارج المحاكم النظامية في مختلف النزاعات. تعتبر الشريعة والعادات والتقاليد المجتمعية هي المصادر الرئيسة للقضاء العشائري في فلسطين. لذلك، فإنّ خصائص المجتمع الفلسطيني (ديني، أبوي، مجتمعي التوجه)، تشكل المناخ المناسب لازدهار القضاء العشائري. ونتيجة لذلك، يركز القضاء العشائري على تحقيق العدالة التصالحية، والأمن العام، وتعويض الضحية، وتأهيل الجاني، والردع.
تعتبر العلاقة بين القضاء العشائري والقضاء النظامي في فلسطين علاقة مزدوجة، حيث يطلب القضاء النظامي عادة تدخل العشائريين في الجرائم الخطيرة، مثل القتل والاغتصاب، لمنع الانتقام، وللمساعدة في إنهاء تصعيد العنف. ونتيجة لذلك، يقوم القضاء النظامي غالبا بتخفيف العقوبة أو بإغلاق الملف. علاوة على ذلك، فإنّ تدخل القضاء العشائري في القضايا الجزائية، تحت رعاية واشراف القضاء النظامي، يؤثر بشكل أساسي على إدارة القضايا، وسرعة السير بها، وإجراءاتها، والاختناق القضائي. ومع ذلك، فإنّ القضاء العشائري ليس آلية مجردة، ولكنّه يتأثر غالبا سلبا أو إيجابا بالأوضاع السياسية والاجتماعية والثقافية والاقتصادية في الدولة