CSRC Publishing: Open Journal Systems (Center for Sustainability Research and Consultancy)
Not a member yet
1354 research outputs found
Sort by
Teaching Strategies Employed by Teachers in teaching Skills to Students of Vocational Training Institutes of Punjab Pakistan
No full textPurpose: The main purpose of the study was to explore the teaching strategies employed by Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) teachers in Vocational Training Institutes (VTIs) established by Punjab Vocational Training Council (PVTC) Pakistan
Design/Methodology/Approach: The population of the study was all 2423 teachers working in Vocational training Institutes (VTIs) of Punjab Vocational Training Council (PVTC). The sample of the study was 130 (males =69 and females= 61) teachers which were randomly selected from VTIs of PVTC. The instrument of the study was a self-developed and validated questionnaire, having the reliability of 0.87 (Cronbach Alpha). Data were collected personally and by post. Collected data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. ANOVA and Independent sample t-test were used to observe the differences in the responses of teachers related to their age, gender, experience, zones, professional qualification, and trainings.
Findings: The results of the study indicated that teachers were facing a lot of problems during teaching to TVET students like overcrowded classrooms, unavailability of equipment, lack of trainings and insufficient staff.
Implications/Originality/Value: The present study helps the authorities of TVET and Punjab Vocational Training Council by giving recommendations in the improvement and reformation of the current condition of TVET sector in Pakistan
Is population Explosion a threat to Pakistan’s Economic Development?
No full textPurpose: Population growth and its impact on economic development have been a subject of major concern among demographers, economists, and social scientists. Some believe that rapid population growth is a significant problem, while others consider it just a hoax. Previous studies have discovered the negative as well as the positive and profound impact of rapid population growth on economic development. The present study analyses population growth and its impact on economic development in the context of Pakistan.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A Descriptive Methodology is found suitable to analyze the population growth and its impact on economic development in the context of Pakistan. In this regard, 50 articles from google scholar and statistical reports from World Bank are studied. The data is taken from World Bank Indicators and presented in the form of charts.
Findings: It is found that poor family planning, high fertility, low status of women in society, and illiteracy are the main contributors to rapid population growth in Pakistan. The study concludes that rapid population growth in Pakistan contributes to higher unemployment, lower per-capita income, and depletion of natural resources.
Implications/Originality/Value: It further recommends that rapid population growth can be addressed by educating the women, contraceptive-use campaigns or community-based programs, and investing in family planning programs.
 
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Economy of Pakistan
No full textPurpose: In this research study, author tried to analyze and investigate the issues of COVID-19 pandemic and its possible affect on economies especially in context of Pakistan. The basic purpose of this research is to examine and understand the COVID-19 issues and its consequences worldwide economies. This study was conducted using grey relational analysis.
Methodology: GRA is used to calculate the correlation among two or more constructs. The core part of this research is pre.and.post.COVID-19.implications on world economies as well as on Pakistan’s economy. Furhermore, in this study author tried to analyze that which year was the most destructive year for economies. For analyze and investigation, author gathered six years secondary data and apply GRA research methods to conclude the results.
Findings: After successfully concluded the outcomes which showed that like other countries in the world Pakistan’s economy also affected due to business were shutdown and governments imposed lockdown in country-wise which eventually caused export declined. Due to this reason, impact on Pakistan’s economy went to nosedown even growth rate down to negative. Economy of any country highly depending on its exports so, in order to evaluate any country economic condition, exports of this country may highly considered.
Conculsion: Therefore, at the end it was concluded that the year 2020 was the most destructive year for any country especially for Pakistan which affect the economy most
Critical Analysis of Social Movement Theories During Lawyers Movement 2007 to 2009
No full textAbstract: This article discusses the background of lawyer’s movement and gives concept of social movement in detail including civil society and social change, difference between social movement and other movement’s social movement and development on political culture and world system and social change. We can get peace and rights of humanity through movements. This is an analytical descriptive type qualitative research mainly literature review highlight the case study. Civil society is very supportive for lawyers and independent judiciary because lawyers and judiciary faced so many difficulties. They are deep rooted, constituency based, self-organized and self-finance. In Pakistan political scenery, lawyers movement present amazing and excellent example of such a civil society organizatio
Framework of a New Theory: Logistics Strategic Communication
No full textObjective: The goal of this research is to build up a determined model of creation that unequivocally sees the arising tasks and scenarios of logistics in getting over new hoarding frameworks and authoritative designs and legitimate plans that have made due to new serious market pressure and competitiveness with a framework of a new theory ‘logistics strategic communication theory’.
Methodology: The research method used for this research paper is contextual analysis.
Findings: Logistics executives is a practice for organizations since it promotes competition and achieves improvements in the interest of the organizations. Logistics get combined into the general administration of the organization, bringing about a progression of data between various cycles and entertainers associated with the inventory network.
Implications: The presentation of ICT and the exceptional mechanical upheaval have made another serious climate, in light of the globalization of the economy and solid rivalry. Given this climate, organizations should confront making due in their areas, since it influences their worth chain. Hence, associations should overhaul their measures, figure out how to utilize ICT and speculations both unmistakable and elusive, to adjust to this new circumstance. Organizations, since it improves rivalry and accomplish enhancements in the benefit of them
R&D Expenditure as an Accelerator of Economic Growth with Special Reference to Developing Countries
No full textPurpose: In this network age, among the other factors which increase economic growth, the R&D activities, a pivotal and effective factor, carried out by a country. The present study attempts to investigate the empirical R&D expenditure-economic growth nexus in developing and developed economies, and also provides useful insight about how R&D investment works to enhance the economic growth of a country.
Design/Methodology/Approach: In this regard, 21 years data of top 100 economies of the world from 1995 to 2015 has been utilized. The Panel ARD Model approach has been preferred to explore the impact of R&D investment on economic growth (GDP). For construction of the estimation model, five different variables are used. In order to accomplish the results, along with analysing the data of 100 countries a whole, analysis has also been made by dividing countries into different categories and groups. Overall, the Panel ARDL test has been performed on nine different groups of countries.
Findings: The results reveal that, ceteris paribus, there is a strong positive association between R&D expenditure and economic growth (GDP) in the long-run; 1% increase in GERD leads to 0.07% increase in GDP. However, the impact in the developing countries (0.043%) is lower compared to the developed OECD countries (0.27%). No impact of the R&D expenditure on economic growth is observed in the short-run.
Implications/Originality/Value: The study presents some thought-provoking ideas, policy recommendations and implications for the policy makers, planners and researchers, especially in the context of developing economies.  
The Effects of Marketing Related Activities on Brand Equity through Facebook
No full textPurpose: The study aims to examine and analyze the effects of various marketing related activities on brand equity through Facebook.
Methodology: An online survey was conducted for this empirical form of research. Questions were designed on a five-point Likert scale and distributed through Google forms, Facebook, and emails. Out of 450 questionnaires 332 active users of Facebook responded. The data was analyzed in SPSS v.21 and AMOS v.22 for results and discussions.
Findings: The research findings confirm that marketing related activities via social media platform specifically Facebook have positive effects on brand awareness and brand image which finally make brand knowledge and thus leading to building brand equity. Moreover, findings show that development in consumer brand relationship in social networking like Facebook needs to understand both goals (media system dependency) and needs (uses and gratifications).
Implications: With the rapid change of technology, Facebook has served as the most attractive part in marketing products, services, and brands to increase sales and brand equity. A large group of brand managers are asking themselves. “How can we improve brand equity by Using Facebook as a marketing channel?” The results and findings in this research study answer this question and lead brand managers to save time and resources and presents some area of improvements related to their needs
Capital Flow, Capital Control, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Developed & Developing Economies
No full textPurpose: The current paper analyzes the effects of capital flow and capital control on economic growth in developed and developing countries. We used four main components of capital flow such as, FDI, exports, remittances and external debt
Design/Methodology/Approach: The econometric models are tested by using the annual data of 1995-2017 from 54 countries, classified as developed (high-income) and developing (middle-income) economies.
Findings: Empirical estimation of PMG revealed that all four components of capital flow augment the economic growth in both developed and developing countries. However, restrictions on these flows reduces the impact of FDI, external debt and exports but raises the influence of remittances on the economic growth.
Implications/Originality/Value: The findings of this paper also provides some useful insights for policymakers to use capital control as a tool for economic progress.  
Impact of Corporate Governance on the Cost of Capital: Empirical Evidence from the Non-Financial Sector of Pakistan
No full textPurpose: The study looked at the effect of corporate governance on the cost of capital of firms in Pakistan's non-financial sector.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study sample is comprised of balanced data set of 175 non-financial companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange between 2008 and 2018. The study used the dynamic panel GMM estimator technique.
Findings: The findings revealed that an increase in the number of directors, board independence, CEO duality, and inflation negatively influence the cost of capital. On the other hand, the increase in institutional holdings increased the cost of capital. In addition, it is discovered that board committees, political connections, and economic growth do not affect the cost of capital
Implications/Originality/Value: When board size, CEO duality, board independence, and inflation increased, the cost of capital decreased in Pakistan's non-financial sector. Furthermore, board committees, political connections, company leverage, and economic growth do not affect the cost of capital in Pakistan's non-financial sector. In comparison, an increase in institutional shareholding increased the cost of capital in Pakistan's non-financial sector
Does the Inflow of FDI Boost the Health of the Population in SAARC Countries Evidence from a Panel Data Analysis
No full textPurpose:The relationship between foreign direct investment and population health has been the focus of research among researchers in recent years. One of the basic individual rights is a healthy life and decent living conditions, but the SAARC countries are lagging behind in this respect.The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of foreign direct investment inflows on population health by integrating growth, foreign aid, and human capital into the model for selected SAARC countries.
Design/Methodology/Approach:The fixed effect technique based on the Hausman test was implemented through the period of 1996-2018 because of the Panel nature of the data.
Findings:Our empirical results indicate that FDI inflows have a positive and significant effect on population health. Increase in FDI inflows in the host country raises the income of the people, as better job opportunities are available to them.
Implications/Originality/Value:This research is a crucial step in observing the complicated relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Population Health. It is expected that this research motivates the debate and enhance the knowledge further in this line of research.Government should provide incentives to the foreign investors by providing concessions in taxes, and better facilities in terms of improved infrastructure