CSRC Publishing: Open Journal Systems (Center for Sustainability Research and Consultancy)
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Application of Cognitive Motivational Relational Theory to Examine the Influence of E-Banking Quality Factors on Customer Loyalty
No full textBanks equipped themselves with modern tools to provide innovative and dynamic services to clients. Traditional banking transformed into digital online banking to facilitate customers all over the world through the internet. High-quality online banking services are necessary to retain clients. Customers using online banking services of the top five commercial Pakistani private banks were the study population. A structural equation modeling technique was employed to analyze the hypothesis. The results found the significant impact of reliability, website design, and security on customer trust leading to higher loyalty based on cognitive, motivational relational theory. The research findings provide numerous theoretical and practical implications for banks' administration to make internet banking website design more user-friendly and reliable with enhanced security features that win the customers' trust and strengthen loyalty
Gender Equality but Never-Ending Inequity in FATA, Pakistan
No full textPurpose: Conventional wisdom in women development generally supports the link between acceptance of unequal gender norms, which is reflective of their work participation rate, and income gaps. While this link is intuitive in the literature, the presumed impact beyond merely women empowerment, including women's socio-economic development, while lacking sufficient evidence for the case of FATA (Pakistan). This inhand study devolves on the factors which may have promising impact towards women empowerment, consisting upon a sample data of 962 female from secondary data sources i.e. PDHS 2017-18.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Survey based data of PDHS 2017-18 was used in this study. Moreover, Binomial Logistic Regression is applied as an econometric technique.
Findings: The disaggregated results confirm that women in FATA are less benefited as compared to men, particularly when it comes to financial status; affecting their household decision making and adding miseries to their socio-economic conditions. Not only that, the persistent gender gap in this region also shares a prominent link with their age, education, exposure to media, fertility preference and employment status.
Implications/Originality/Value: Lastly, the study scientifically concludes that access to education and employment is the only enabling factor to women's empowerment and achievement towards their socio-economic goals. On the same hand, above much depends on the attitude of the people towards gender equality, which may require intensive social reforms to change their behaviors
Improving Customers Satisfaction through Significance of Technical Attribute in QFD Studies
No full textPurpose: Quality Function Deployment, (QFD) is a methodology which helps to satisfy customer requirements through the selection of appropriate Technical Attributes (TAs). The rationale of this article is to provide a method lending statistical support to the selection of TAs. The purpose is to determine the statistical significance of TAs through the derivation of associated significance (P) values.
Design/Methodology/Approach: We demonstrate our methodology with reference to an original QFD case study aimed at improving the educational system in high schools in Pakistan; and then with five further published case studies obtained from literature. Mean weights of TAs are determined. Considering each TA mean weight to be a Test Statistic, a weighted matrix is generated from the VOCs’ importance ratings, and ratings in the relationship matrix. Finally using R, P-values for the means of original TAs are determined from the hypothetical population of means of TAs.
Findings: Each TA’s P-value evaluates its significance/insignificance in terms of distance from the grand mean. P-values indirectly set the prioritization of TAs.
Implications/Originality/Value: The novel aspect of this study is extension of mean weights of TAs, to also provide P-values for TAs. TAs with significant importance can be resolved on priority basis, while other can be fixed with appropriateness
Mediating Role of Working Capital Management in the Relationship of Corporate Governance Measures and Firm Performance: Panel Study from Pakistan
No full textPurpose: Corporate governance and management of working capital are seen as two main fields of corporate finance. The purpose of the research study is to examine the interrelationships between corporate governance, working capital management and performance of the firm.Design/Methodology/Approach: Sample consists of 140 non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2015. Data has been analyzed by using structural equation model. Mediating effects of managing working capital have been tested by using the approach suggested by Preacher and Hayes (2008).Findings: The findings revealed that current ratio partially mediates the effect of size of the board and CEO role duality whereas fully mediates the Impact of a concentration of ownership on firm results. The other variable of working capital management i.e. cash conversion cycle has not shown any mediating effect in Corporate governance and the relationship between firm results. For the other relationship the study found that board size affects firm performance positively whereas CEO duality and audit committee independence have negative impact on profitability of firms. For the relationship of working capital management on firm Performance, the study identified substantial negative and positive impacts on firm performance of the cash conversion period and current ratio, respectively.Implications/Originality/Value: The current study was based on least considered variables and the pioneer in testing the complex relationship through SEM-AMOS
Role of Information and Communication Technology, Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Openness in Environmental Sustainability
No full textPurpose: The benefits of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in environmental resource management has been a topic of hot discussion for the policymakers across the world. For the purpose, the government of Pakistan took initiative in 2018 to use technology for the country’s social welfare, financial benefits and to enhance environmental sustainability and named it as “Digital Pakistan Initiative”.Design/Methodology/Approach: For analysis, this study took CO2 emissions as the dependent variable and ICT, FDI inflows, and Trade Openness as independent variables. Data were collected on bimonthly basis from 2004 through 2019, and analyzed employing ARDL approach. Main purpose of the study was to examine the short-run and long-run relationship among carbon emissions and ICT, FDI Inflows and Trade Openness.Findings: The findings show that there exists a short-run relationship among all the variables; however, FDI inflows and trade openness have a significant relationship with CO2 emissions. The results also exhibit that there is no long-run relationship between CO2 emissions, FDI inflows, and Trade openness while ICT has an insignificant long-run relationship with CO2 emissions. With the increase of information and communication, the country’s environmental sustainability is also increased. Implications/Originality/Value: The current study was based on least considered variables and the pioneer in testing the complex relationship through VAR estimation
Social Ties impacting Audit Quality Exploring Government Entities
No full textPurpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze the first hand data regarding intimacies between government entities and government audit institution of Pakistan, to see its impact on the quality.
Design/Methodology/Approach:
Qualitative research design is used to explore the concept base on theoretical saturation technique.
Findings: The results revealed by default presence of social ties among interactive agents. It further explores indirect relationship between audit quality and social interactions in the presence of petty corruption due to familiarity, unwarranted mutual trust and favoritism however this relationship is shifted toward direct relationship in the presence of material corruption due to fear of losing good reputation, loss of job, fear of departmental inquiry, threat of floating your weaknesses before your rival clique.
Implications/Originality/Value: The results presented in this paper should therefore be of great interest to government, regulators and standard-setters charged with developing accounting standards to improve the audit quality of reporting information related to existing government auditing setup
Capital Account Liberalization Institutions and Economic Growth in the Emerging World
No full textPurpose: The relationship between capital account liberalization and economic growth has been a fervently discussed subject among economists and policy-makers. The role of institutions is imperious to comprehensively investigate the impact of financial openness on growth. The objective of the study is to inspect the nexus between financial liberalization and economic growth after incorporating the contribution of institutional quality.
Methodology: A panel of data on 17 emerging market economies (EMEs) is used for the period 1995-2019. We employ the GMM technique by using different de facto and de jure measures of financial liberalization along with institutional variables.
Findings: The empirical results illustrate that better quality institutions strengthen the connection between capital account liberalization and output growth in the emerging World.
Implications: The policymakers should focus on the more beneficial nature of financial liberalization such as FDI. Also, the policy should be aiming at availing the services of efficient human resources with proper institutional infrastructure
Evaluating Moderating Effect of Growth Need Intent on Relationship between Job Characteristics and Job Satisfaction amongst Garments Industry Workers in Pakistan
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the correlation between the job characteristics and satisfaction among production workers in the garments sector assembly line and also to examine the moderating impact of growth need intent on both variables. The five job characteristics were employed in this research.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This research was carried out in seven garment factories in Lahore. Data has been collected from production workers of different departments; cutting, sewing, pattern making, washing, pressing, packaging, and quality checking of randomly selected factories. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Considering the sample size estimation, the ratio has not to be below 1:5. (Hair, Black, Babin & Anderson, 2010) and 125 have been selected by a convenient method of sampling. Smart PLS has been used as a statistical tool for data processing and testing the hypothesis.
Findings: The research suggests two important findings. Firstly, the job characteristics significantly affect job satisfaction. Secondly, it shows that the relationship between job characteristics and satisfaction is significantly moderated by growth need intent. Implications/Originality/Value: This research will add value to the existing knowledge base and serve as a guideline for HR policymakers in the textile & garments industry to recognize the needs for the development of their workers
Exploring the Nexus between Empowering Leadership and Work Engagement through Employee Resilience during Times of Covid 19
No full textPurpose: Online learning system was adopted by private schools across Pakistan to lessen students’ learning losses during the pandemic. It entailed the reliance on work from home model for their teaching staff. The success of these institutions must have been driven by a leadership style espoused by them which helped to keep their employees engaged. Thus, drawing on the job demand resource principle, conservation of resource principle, and broaden and build theory, this could be argued that empowering leadership may have engendered employee resilience which ultimately kept intact the work engagement of employees. Moreover, moderating impact of psychological empowerment has been studied to determine extent to which it might influence the employee resilience nurtured by empowering leadership.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Respondents for this study were faculty members of the private schools affiliated with the Multan board of Intermediate and Secondary Education Pakistan. Probability sampling was employed to select the schools and the faculty members of those schools were given questionnaires. The total responses obtained were 210. Structural equation modeling involving moderated mediation techniques was utilized to conduct analyses.
Findings: The study concluded that employee resilience mediated the association among empowering leadership and work engagement. However, the moderating effect was not proved.
Implications/Originality/Value: The study pays an original contribution to research by linking empowering leadership with employee resilience and work engagement for the faculty members during the time of Covid-19 Pandemic. It suggests schools’ management to focus upon and reinforce empowering leadership for better work engagement of teachers. This would probably help them to retain students and sustain their performance
Measuring the Stressors in Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Study
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this study is to identify and measure the possible potential stressors among undergraduate medical students and explore the correlation of stress with gender and level of academic year.
Methodology: The cross-sectional study was conducted to identify and measure possible stressors of undergraduate medical students. Data was collected from 243 medical students of Independent Medical College through a questionnaire between august and September 2016. Frequencies and percentages of level of stress were determined through descriptive analysis. Reliability of the MSSQ questionnaire was also checked for possible demographic variations.
Findings: Study proved that the foremost cause of stress experienced by the students was associated to academics that was represented by ARS factor, showing the utmost mean degree off 2. 0453.Females perceive more stress than males in all domains but no significant correlation found on statistical analysis. Level of academic related stress remains same in all levels of academic years whereas IRS, DRS, TLRS, GARS, SRS related stress levels shows progressive reduction from first year to final year.
Implication: Academics related stress is the leading cause of stress in undergraduate medical students, followed by stress related to interpersonal and intrapersonal factors