CSRC Publishing: Open Journal Systems (Center for Sustainability Research and Consultancy)
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The Role of Higher Education as a Catalyst of Peacebuilding in Conflict Affected Regions: The Case Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa after FATA Amalgamation
No full textPurpose: The study critically reviews the educational structure, policies, emphasis, application of educational goals, achievements from rural to Higher education and protecting measures enabling the youth to get easy access to education. Since the creation of Pakistan emphasis laid down on the free and compulsory education for all but failed to address the nascent challenges surfaced in the form of violent extremism, sectarianism, intolerance, and lingual discrepancies. Although the literacy rate has been increased with the passage of time but the quality of education and practical application remains under darkness.
Methodology: To evaluate the educational targets and achievements of the elementary and secondary education in former FATA. Historical method of research was adopted and Education policies from the dawn of freedom 1947 to 2010 were studied. Moreover, The provincial initiative of Educational sector plan (ESP) and its practical outcomes were critically analyzed.
Findings: This research in its findings proposed that structure and curriculum of higher education be revisited and expanded promptly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) particularly within the newly merged areas for the restoration of social justice, cultural diversity, educational growth, state-building and peace building community.
Implications: The research addresses that after the amalgamation of Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) with the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa how these conflicts affected areas can be reconstructed or rebuild through higher education. The research has focused on the universal mechanism of peacebuilding education in post conflict areas keeping in view the three approaches namely, Stability, Restructuring and peacebuilding through higher education
The Influence of Feedback Conversation on Employee Performance in Malaysian’s Telecommunication Company
No full textPurpose: Feedback conversation is the process of conveying information in the performance appraisal process. It helps employees to develop the right and appropriate behavior in order to achieve the targeted outcome. This study investigates the influence of feedback conversation (i.e., feedback frequency, the credibility of the feedback provider, receptive capability, organizational culture, and national culture) on employees’ performance in Malaysian-based telecommunication companies.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study utilized a descriptive quantitative approach, in which a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire has been used during data collection. A total of 341 respondents have participated out of 3019 employees in the selected company. The collected data were then be analyzed using SPSS and the inferential analysis of Multilinear Regression (MLR) was applied to test the hypotheses.
Findings: MLR analysis revealed that the credibility of the feedback provider, the receptive capability of employees, and organizational culture and national culture have a significant positive impact on employees' performance. Meanwhile, feedback frequency has no significant impact on the employees’ performance.
Implications/Originality/Value: This study has added values to management literature and offered practical managerial implications related to selected aspects of feedback conversations on the employees’ performance. Other similar organizational settings may also consider these findings to design and develop a more effective feedback conversation to boost employees’ performance
Infrastructural Investments and Economic Growth: Evidence from Pakistan
No full textPurpose: The goal of this study is to make an attempt to find out the relationships between infrastructural investments and economic growth.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employs time series data over the years from 1972 to 2020. To observe the long-run and short-run impact of infrastructural investments on economic growth, an ARDL modeling approach to co- integration is used that is most suitable technique over some other techniques of integration after inspecting the stationary level of data via ADF test.
Findings: The findings of the study indicate that Investments on Railways, Roads, Gas Projects, Telecommunication, Water Projects and Power Projects appear as efficient factors for enhancing economic growth of Pakistan in the long run.
Implications/Originality/Value: It is suggested that government should increase the public and private investment for development of Railways, Roads, Telecommunication and Water projects in Pakistan
Financial Globalization, Output Gap and Foreign Output Gap on inflation: Evidenced from Developing Economies
No full textThis paper covers previous studies' deficiencies and re-examine the theoretical model using a heterogeneous panel GMM technique, which overcomes cross-section dependency. In the current sample of developing nations, developed two models'; model 1 consists of the domestic output gap, and the second model includes the foreign output gap. According to model 1, foreign globalization and imports boost the inflation level in developing countries and disaggregation analysis (low, lower-middle, and upper-middle-income countries). The output gap impedes inflation in overall, lower-middle, and upper-middle-income countries, while it boosts inflation in low-income nations. And unemployment level increases the inflation rate in the overall and middle-income groups, while in low- and high-income countries, it decreases. According to the second model, foreign globalization and the foreign output gap boost overall low-income, middle-income, and upper-middle-income groups. While import reduces the inflation level globally, while in low-income, middle-income, and upper-middle-income groups, it increases inflation. Finally, the unemployment level boosts the global inflation level and as well as in low income, and it impedes inflation rate in upper-middle-income group. Despite this, there is considerable variation in countries' effect, perhaps due to differences in political institutions' quality, central bank independence, exchange rate systems, financial development, and legal traditions
How Does the Accounting Conservatism Affect the Stock Price Crash Risk in Pakistan: The Complementary Role of Managerial and Institutional Ownership
No full textPurpose: The conservatism of accounting and robustness of accounting information disclosure may restrain the irrational behavior of investors and help to reduce the risk of stock price crashes. This study aims to explore this in the context of developing country Pakistan. More specifically, this study investigates the effect of accounting conservatism on stock price crash risk. We also examine the complementary role of managerial and institutional ownership in strengthening this effect.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study conducts the panel data analysis of 155 nonfinancial firms listed in PSX from 2007 to 2019. This study calculates the C-Score to measure accounting conservatism. This study measures the firm’s stock price crash risk by calculating the DUVOL of weekly share prices.
Findings: This study finds that there is a significant negative effect of accounting conservatism on firms’ stock price crash risk. This study also finds that managerial ownership enhances the stock price crash risk of the sample firms significantly as a moderator while there is no significant moderating influence of institutional ownership.
Implications/Originality/Value: The competent authorities of Pakistan should consider agency conflicts. They should direct the firms’ management to share equal information in time regardless of whether the information is good or bad for stock prices
Impact of Perceived CSR on Brand Equity through Brand Admiration and Customer Advocacy Behaviour: Moderating Role of Brand Attitude and Customer Loyalty
No full textPurpose: This study intends to explore the positive impact of perceived Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on brand equity with respect to behaviors and emotions. The motive behind this study was to examine the sequential mediating role of emotion of brand admiration and customer advocacy behavior between perceived CSR and brand equity. Moderators of brand attitude and customer loyalty were also explored in this study.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Quantitative research method has been adapted for this study. A questionnaire with 5-point likert scale was adopted from existing scholarly work to collect data from 364 customers of 5 food production companies placed in Pakistan. Collected data were analyzed with the help of SPSS and Smart PLS3 through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique.
Findings: Results show that brand admiration and customer advocacy behavior significantly mediate the relationship of perceived CSR and brand equity. Moreover, moderating role of brand attitude and customer loyalty was found positive and significant. This was the novelty of this research.
Implications/Originality/Value: This research will be helpful for food production companies in Pakistan to formulate strong customer-brand relationships in order to strengthen their brand equity by effectively positioning their CSR practices into the minds of consumers
The Impact of Female Directors on Board, and Female CEO on Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from Emerging Economy
No full textPurpose: As per agency theory prospective, board gender diversity enhances the corporate leadership structure which mitigates agency conflicts among stakeholders. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of female directors on board, and female CEOs on firm performance. We also uses board size, and board independence as board level control, while leverage, firm size, capital expenditure & tangibility as firm level control.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study uses a panel data starting from 2005 to 2020 on annual basis. To resolve endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity problems in panel data analysis, study uses static (fixed effect, & random effect) and dynamic (GMM) estimation techniques in Pakistan.
Findings: Result shows the positive impact of female directors on board and female CEOs on firm performance. These findings are robust under alternative measures of firm performance.
Implications/Originality/Value: The study suggests that female representation and female CEOs are the important attributes to enhance firm performance. Additionally, females are performing a significant role through monitor and control for excellent corporate leadership structure. Furthermore, this is the first study of its kind which analyzes this relationship in the emerging equity market of Pakistan. 
Impact of Protean Career Attitudes on Career Outcomes via Job Crafting Behavior: A Serial Mediation Model
No full textPurpose: The study proposes that the individuals with protean career attitudes employ best work practices through job crafting behaviors and attain desired career outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of protean career attitudes on career outcomes, i.e., Perceived Employability (PE) and Subjective Career Success (SCS) through job crafting behavior.
Methodology: The study has a quantitative, deductive research design that mainly focuses on the testation of the hypotheses. This study has been conducted on full-time faculty members of public and private sector Universities of Pakistan
Findings: The data from the employees working in the universities of Pakistan revealed that PCA has a positive impact on individual career outcomes. It was also found that there exists a pathway of serial mediation from job crafting towards perceived employability to achieve career success. The individuals who craft their jobs are more likely to enhance their employability, ultimately leading to career success. The study highlights the importance of PCA and Job Crafting behaviors, yet un-explored phenomena, for the employees for career development.
Implications: Employees who want to progress and develop their careers should actively engage in task crafting behavior in task crafting, relational crafting, or cognitive crafting
Impact of Cash Flow Management Practices on Financial Performance of Cement Manufacturing Firms: A Comparative Study of Pakistan and India
No full textPurpose: The study examined the impact of cash flow management practices on Pakistani cement firm’s financial performance with comparison of Indian cement sector’s selected firms.
Methodology: The Pooled OLS Regression is applied with the Help of EViews software. The data collection is from official websites of the concerned companies from 2009 to 2018 with help of secondary source. The multiple regressions, Random Effect Model and Fixed effect models are used for the analysis of data and confirmed with Husman test.
Findings: The finding of this study for both selected countries indicated the influence of cash flow management practices wherein both countries cement producing companies shows significant impact on firm’s performance but in terms of Pakistan Return on Assets have no impact on firm’s Profitability.
Implications: Therefore, after a careful analysis study recommended that cement manufacturing companies must reevaluate their practices of managing cash flows in order to generate more profitability and generate enough cash to meet their obligations
Impact of CEO, Director and Executive compensation on the Firm Performance with Moderating Effect of Research & Development
No full textPurpose: The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between the CEO, Director and executives’ compensation on firm performance. Moreover research and development as moderator check the relation of R&D over firm performance and CEO, directors, executives’ compensation in an emerging Pakistan market.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This research uses the GSEM approach for the problem of abnormality and homoscedastic arise the sample data collected from PSE 100 index non-financial list over the era of 2014-2019.The data collection sample from 75 non-financial firm and final sample consisted on 69 firm 6 organization exclude due to unavailability of data.
Findings: This study provide the evidence that CEOs, Director, executives’ compensation have a significant relation with firm performance while, R&D show that insignificant relation with CEO/directors and Executives compensation perhaps R&D show significant relation with firm performance.
Implications/Originality/Value: This research contributed the firm with their better remuneration to the executive; CEO and director have better financial performance. Meanwhile research and development also play pivotal role toward firm performance due to their innovative idea and technique. In future other Asian countries included in the sample set like India and also some variable like CSR, Firm age, top executive education and tenure for showing the better significant results