CSRC Publishing: Open Journal Systems (Center for Sustainability Research and Consultancy)
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1354 research outputs found
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Determinants of Foreign Capital Inflows in Emerging Markets: The Role of Institutional Quality
No full textPurpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the key determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) in emerging market economies, with greater emphasis placed on the impact of institutional quality.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study applied a panel data system generalised method of moments (GMM) model using annual data spanning the period 2007 to 2017, in respect of 12 emerging market economies. To measure institutional quality, the study adopted the Worldwide Governance Indicators, and constructed a composite index for institutional quality using the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) method.
Findings: The results revealed that FDI in the selected emerging markets was attracted by institutional quality and economic growth. Capital account openness, institutional quality and economic growth were positive determinants of FPI. However, stock market development stood out as the key determinant factor for foreign capital inflows.
Implications/Originality/Value: The implications of these findings are that, in their pursuit of foreign capital inflows, these emerging markets should continue to liberalise their economies and develop their financial markets. Importantly, such developments must be coupled with the strengthening of the formal governance institutions. Robust institutions would not only curb institutional weaknesses that deter international capital inflows, but would also insulate emerging markets from unfavourable effects of volatile capital flows.  
Impact Factors on Internal Audit Quality of Businesses the Case Study of Karachi Pakistan
No full textPurpose: Internal Audit Quality is relied upon to prompt top notch financial reporting to the outsiders of the businesses. Excellent financial reporting communicates in earning quality. Earning quality has been playing a key role in the capital market for quite a while. Account clients give exceptional consideration to procuring quality since they settle on their choice dependent on it. Then again, the market economy will encounter terrible, gone misfortunes if the association's exhibition isn't reflected in its income.
Methodology: This examination targets researching the connection between Internal Audit Quality, a leading group of audit quality and financial reporting. Exploration information, acquired from 300 audit firms had internal audit offices. Just the selected firms met inclusion standards, to which research polls were sent. At long last, 300 surveys were affirmed as satisfactory, and were taken as exploration test.
Findings: Discoveries indicated that excellent Internal Audit Quality will prompt great financial reporting. Additionally, solid top managerial staff will fortify this connection.
Implications/Originality/Value: So it is concluded that all these three newspapers were mostly against the peace talks and government and media were not on the same page on the issue of peace talks. (Times New Roman 11pt including headings and text, single line spaced)
Impact of Credit Risk on Financial Performance: Mediating Role of Operational Efficiency in Banking Sector of Emerging Economy
No full textPurpose: Financial performance of banks is an estimation of how better a company can use its assets for generating profits. Mostly the performance of banks is affected by modernization of financial system, technological advancements and deregulation. The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of operational efficiency in relationship between credit risk and financial performance of banks.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The research sample is 29 banks of Pakistan. Data for the study is collected from the published financial statements of banks ranges from 2011 to 2018. The data analysis technique used in this study is simple mediation analysis in structure equation modeling.
Findings: The results reflect that operational efficiency partially significantly and inversely mediates the relationship of credit risk with financial performance.
Implications/Originality/Value: One the basis of results it can be suggested that managers need to utilize their deposits carefully and should take more precautionary measures while granting loans. Managers and employees should maintain a better relationship and align their goals with the banks
An Empirical Investigation of E-banking Service Quality Customer Trust and Customer Loyalty of Pakistani Banks
No full textPurpose: Technological evolution has transformed businesses in the new era. Modern paradigms shift towards adoption of gadgets that has changed the methods of providing services to clients. Banks provided themselves with the current contrivances to offer creative and dynamic types of assistance to customers. Banks has now offering "advanced and digital banking" through e-banking services to facilitate their customers. However, there are several e-banking services depends on e-service quality that affects loyalty of their customers. The main purpose of the current study is to measure the direct relationship of e-banking service quality on customer loyalty and also indirect effect of trust as mediating variable.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The data was collected from 250 clients using questionnaire from top five commercialized banks of Pakistan. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect the information. PLS-SEM was employed to statistically test the data.
Findings: This study found significant direct effect of e-banking service quality through its three dimensions “reliability, website design and security” on customer loyalty. In addition, the results also supported the mediation of three dimensions of e-banking service quality with customer loyalty.
Implications/Originality/Value: All three dimensions increase the customer loyalty and trust played important role it this mechanism. 
Queen Bee Syndrome a Part of Sexual Politics or another Gendered Stereotype
No full textPurpose: The aim of the study is to explore the queen bee stereotype in the financial institutions running its operations in Pakistan since there has been seen an increase in the trend of participation of women in the commercial banks.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Using a qualitative research methodology, the lived experiences of the female at leadership position and their subordinates are explored; by recognizing the factors of phenomena of queen bee syndrome as well as the sexual politics prevalent in the banking industry.
Findings: The results highlighted that the phenomena of queen bee is a gender based stereotype along with being a part of the sexual politics which is taking place in the banking sector since it is a sector having domination of male. The study also found that there is female to female acceptance and female leaders help their fellow women to grow in the banking sector.
Implications/Originality/Value: The study is beneficial to all the stakeholders and provides a clear insight about the predominant dynamics in females working in the same organization but at different position which results in eliminating the perpetuation of biases within female staff members regarding the women leaders
Nexus among the Hofstede Cultural Dimensions and Consumer Brand Loyalty: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
No full textPurpose: The current research aims to investigate the nexus among Hofstede’s national cultural dimensions and consumer brand loyalty in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. These cultural dimensions represent the independent fondness of one state of affairs over another that distinguishes the country’s culture (rather than individuals) from each other.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Current research adopts a survey research method for data collection following the quantitative research strategy. Primary data through a self-administrated questionnaire was collected from individuals in southern Punjab, Pakistan’s major cities. Current research has targeted 1110 individuals for data collection, out of which 900 people responded positively to our instruments. Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, and multiple regressions techniques were used to analyze the impact of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions on brand loyalty.
Findings: The current research findings are fascinating as spearman’s correlation shows that Cultural dimensions have a positive relationship but are negatively associated with consumer brand loyalty. Multiple regression analysis results also show that cultural dimensions do not significantly impact consumer brand loyalty.
Implications/Originality/Value: In the Pakistani cultural context, brand loyalty does not take much influence from the cultural values, but there could be some other factors that may affect brand loyalty. Further researchers can explore the exciting reasons for the current research results. Future studies can also explore the other factors which may influence brand loyalty, especially in the culture of southern Punjab, Pakistan.  
Agency in Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL): Learning to Use Language for a Sustainable Post-COVID-19 Society
No full textPurpose: Against a background of educational world hampered by the pandemic of COVID-19, the current study aimed to explore ESL learners’ perceptions about the potential of Computer-Assisted Language Learning in helping them create and share knowledge for a sustainable Post-COVID-19l society.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The current study followed Quantitative approach with exploratory research design. A close- ended questionnaire designed and piloted by the researches was distributed among 100 ESL learners pursuing their studies at the department of English, the Islamia university of Bahawalpur and the department of English, the Government Sadiq Egerton College Bahawalpur.
Findings: The findings of the study reveal that 71% of the respondents are not aware of the novel concept of ‘agency’ in Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) and education. However, the results show that 80% of the respondents are aware of the importance of the ESL learners making linguistic, communicative and interactive contributions in real life and the potential of computer technology for sustainable L2 development.
Implications/Originality/Value: In Pakistan there have been done few studies on the aspect of “agency” in Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). The findings imply that since most of the learners are unaware of the concept of “agency” in CALL, therefore, ESL teachers should acquaint ESL learners not only with the dynamic concept but also with the novel practical applications of the concept
Ensuring Viable Solutions in Resource-Constrained Language Teaching Settings: ESL Learners Perceptions about Computer-Assisted Language Testing (CALT)
No full textPurpose: Across the globe, organizations operating in testing services have made optimum use of this technology and seem to have won greater trust and confidence of the test-takers. The purpose of the current study was to explore the perceptions of ESL learners about Computer-Assisted Language Testing (CALT). It further aimed to investigate the challenges and problems learners encounter during the test.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The current study had two phases: CALT test and a questionnaire-based survey. In the first phase, the researchers designed and conducted a CALT test to give learners some exposure of CALT. With a quantitative approach, the researchers in the current study designed, piloted and administered a close-ended questionnaire to collect data about learners’ perceptions about CALT.
Findings: The results revealed that the learners had positive perceptions about CALT. Some learners encountered challenges while practicing in CALT. Around 80% of the learners thought CALT was adequate in assessing the English language proficiency of the learners and that it was compatible with the existing circumstances.
Implications/Originality/Value: In Pakistan, insufficient number of studies seemed to have been done by the researcher. The current study fills the existing gap
Impact of Management Control Systems on Sustainability of Agricultural Small and Medium Firms: Mediating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of management control systems such as self-control and organization’s norms on the sustainability of an organization with mediating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. The study focused on small and medium enterprises in the agricultural sector and how they can be sustainable by using these factors.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This is a primary study based on quantitative data. The non-probability, convenience sampling is used. The research design includes hypotheses testing whether they are accepted or rejected. Data collection was done through closed-ended questionnaires with a Likert scale. The chosen sample size was 200 however, 184 questionnaires were received back after filling. Smart PLS was used for data analysis.
Findings: Based on the analysis, all the hypotheses were accepted which show that there is indeed an impact of management control systems and organizations norms on an organization’s sustainability and CSR practices play the role of mediator.
Implications/Originality/Value: Originality this study is testing the mediating effect of CSR practices on control systems, organizations norms and sustainability of the firm in the agricultural sector of Pakistan where small and medium enterprises related to the agricultural sector are targeted. There are very few researches that focused on SME’S in the agricultural sector of Pakistan, this study provided a detailed insight into this sector. The study will be of great value to agricultural and SME’s owners on how they can create sustainability in their firm
Role of Mobile Technology in Vocabulary Development of Students with Hearing Impairment
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this quantitative research was to identify the role of mobile technology in the vocabulary development of students with hearing impairment.
Methodology: The population of study involved students with hearing impairment from schools in Lahore. A sample of 80 students studying at National Special Education Center, Johar Town Lahore, and Govt. Degree College of Special Education, Lahore was selected studying from 7th grade to bachelors. A self-developed and validated questionnaire was used to elicit students` responses on the usage of mobile technology in the aspect of reading, writing, social media and grammar and punctuation skills. Data was collected personally by going to the institutions and distributing the questionnaires among students. A sign language interpreter translated the questions in sign language and the students gave appropriate answers. The collected data was analysed on SPSS. Independent sample t-test was used to see differences in the vocabulary development based on the usage, age, gender, and grade of the students.
Findings: Major findings revealed that mobile technology is playing a significant role in learning vocabulary among students with hearing impairment. It has played a major role in learning new words and connecting with the world more quickly.
Implications: This technology should be used for academic purposes to improve their language skills and bridge the communication gap. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations to Punjab Special Education Department of Pakistan were made.