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We Must Be Dreaming
No full text"One World, One Dream". "For The Game, For The World". "All in One Rhythm." The World Cup and the Olympic Games usually announce themselves in terms of dreams and opportunities for the people of the host country.Along three years of navigating through the daily lives of three Brazilians - one of Indigenous, one of African and one of European descent - the film WE MUST BE DREAMING explores how the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Rio Olympic Games have affected the lives of the people of Rio de Janeiro and to what degree the two biggest sport events of the planet have brought the dreams and opportunities they promise
La tecnologia musicale e la tradizione dell’Hip Hop Beat Making: storia e tipologia dell attrezzature per la musicoterapia
No full textQuesto articolo contestualizza la tecnologia musicale all\u27interno della tradizione dell’Hip Hop Beat Making. Mentre negli ultimi anni è cresciuta la letteratura che esplora la tecnologia musicale in musicoterapia, la maggior parte di essa si è concentrata sulla funzione di “assistenza" alla tecnologia stessa, laddove viene utilizzata per facilitare la creazione di musica per clienti che hanno un accesso limitato a suonare strumenti acustici, o non tecnologici. Quest’articolo sostiene una lente alternativa che posiziona la tecnologia musicale all’interno della tradizione del Beat Making, come valore a se stante di una pratica musicale. Per fare ciò, viene fornito un breve resoconto storico di questa tradizione, la quale individua le sue origini nella cultura Hip Hop e riconosce l\u27evoluzione di una miriade di generi basati su battute che si fondano sulla tecnologia musicale e continuano ad emergere da essa. Viene quindi fornita una tipologia base di apparecchiature per Beat Making che favorisce una maggiore comprensione di queste tecnologie come strumenti a sé stanti, nonché il loro ruolo nel plasmare la musica contemporanea. Tenendo conto della rapida innovazione di questo settore, la tipologia si concentra su pezzi con un significato storico e con funzioni primarie che fino ad oggi restano gli elementi costitutivi della composizione e della performance di Beat Making. Vengono anche forniti brevi resoconti su come questi strumenti possono essere integrati nella pratica terapeutica. È riconosciuto che questo stesso articolo rappresenti solo un breve resoconto delle tradizioni e degli strumenti di Beat Making. Tuttavia, si spera che ciò promuova la comprensione del loro significato, e serva come utile riferimento per aiutare gli operatori a considerare come questi strumenti possano arricchire la loro pratica. Si sostiene che tale considerazione non sia solo utile, ma fondamentale per ragioni di sostenibilità culturale, nonché per garantire l\u27attinenza alla pratica della musicoterapia nel 21 ° secolo. (Traduzione di Claudio Cominardi)This article contextualises music technology within the Hip Hop tradition of beat making. While literature exploring music technology in music therapy has proliferated in recent years, much of this has focused on the “assistive” function of technology, where it is used to facilitate music making for clients who have limited access to playing acoustic – or non-tech-based – instruments. This paper argues for an alternate lens that positions music technology within the tradition of beat making and that this is a musicing practice of value in its own right. To do so, a brief historical account of the beat making tradition is provided, which locates its origins within Hip Hop culture and acknowledges the evolution of the myriad beat-based genres that have and continue to emerge around music technology. A basic typology of beat making equipment is then provided to foster greater understanding of these technologies as instruments in their own right and their role in shaping contemporary music. To account for the rapid innovation in this area, the typology focuses on pieces with historical significance and the primary functions that remain the building blocks of composition and performance in beat making to this day. Brief accounts of how these instruments can and are integrated into therapeutic practice are also provided. It is acknowledged that this paper itself represents only one, brief account of beat making traditions and instruments. Yet, it is hoped it will promote understanding of their significance and serve as a useful reference in helping practitioners consider how these instruments may enrich practice. It is argued that such consideration is not only useful, but critical for reasons of cultural sustainability, and ensuring the relevance of music therapy practice in the 21st Century
Co-creating Spaces for Resilience to Flourish: A Community Music Therapy project in Cape Town, South Africa
No full textMusicWorks ist eine gemeinnützige Organisation mit Sitz in Kapstadt, Südafrika und bietet Jugendlichen aus Randbezirken psychosoziale Unterstützung durch Musik. In Südafrika ebneten 300 Jahre Kolonialismus den Weg für die Apartheid, welche ein zweifelhaftes Erbe aus Verschwendung, Vetternwirtschaft, Korruption und der Unterdrückung der Mehrheit der Bürger unseres Landes hinterließ. Ihre Auswirkungen sind heute noch sichtbar und die Folgen vergangener und aktueller politischer, sozialer und wirtschaftlicher Herausforderungen haben zu einer sich selbst aufrecht erhaltenden Struktur aus Armut, Gangsterismus1, Arbeitslosigkeit und häuslicher Gewalt geführt, die in Gemeinden wie Lavender Hill, wo sich das MusicWorks-Projekt befindet, typisch sind. Die Förderung und Stärkung von Resilienz von Jugendlichen dieser Gemeinde kann sie nicht nur dazu befähigen diesen Kreislauf zu durchbrechen, sondern auch Teil der Lösung zu sein, indem sie zu Mitgliedern ihrer Gemeinde und der Gesellschaft insgesamt werden. Ebersöhns (2012) generative Theorie der durch Beziehungen entstehenden Resilienz schlägt vor, dass wenn Individuen, Beziehungen als Mittel nutzen, um sich Ressourcen zu erschließen, sie zu verknüpfen und zu mobilisieren, ein förderndes Umfeld geschaffen werden kann, welches eine positive Anpassung an eine gefährdende Umwelt fördert. Ausgehend von diesem Verständnis von Resilienz skizziert dieser Artikel das Projekt MusicWorks in Lavender Hill und diskutiert Fallvignetten zu musikbasierter Arbeit mit einzelnen Jugendlichen und größeren Gruppen im Schulkontext. Ziel dieses Projektes ist es gemeinsam musikalische Räume zu schaffen, in denen Jugendliche und ihre Umgebung Zugang zu durch Beziehungen entstehender Resilienz haben. (Übersetzung: Josephine Geipel )MusicWorks is a non-profit organisation based in Cape Town, South Africa, and offers psycho-social support through music to young people growing up in marginalised communities. In South Africa three hundred years of colonialism paved the way for Apartheid which left a legacy of waste, nepotism, corruption and the oppression of the majority of our country’s citizens. Its impact is still visible today and the consequences of past and current political, social and economic challenges has led to perpetuated patterns of poverty, gangsterism[1], unemployment, and family violence that are endemic to communities such as Lavender Hill where this MusicWorks project is situated. Encouraging and strengthening the resilience of young people within this community can empower them to not only break this cycle but also be part of the solution as they become contributing members of their community and society at large. Ebersöhn’s (2012) generative theory of relationship resourced resilience proposes that when individuals use relationships as a way to access, link, and mobilise resources, an enabling ecology is shaped that can foster positive adjustment in a largely at-risk environment. Drawing on this social-ecological understanding of resilience, this paper outlines the MusicWorks project in Lavender Hill and discusses case vignettes of music work with young people and the broader school community. The aim of the project is to co-create musical spaces where young people and those around them can access resourced relationships.
For the purpose of this paper the use of the term “gangsterism” is located firmly within the South African context, were terminology around “gangs” and “gangsterism” refers to a specific grouping of people who are involved in highly structured gangs whose criminal activity revolve mainly around illicit drug trade, with links to local and international organized crime networks ( Chetty, 2015; Goga, 2014; Shaw and Skywalker, 2016; Goga, 2014; Wegner et al., 2018). Several authors have linked the proliferation of gangs, specifically in Cape Town, to the forced removals of people during 1960 to 1980 as part of the Apartheid government’s Group Areas Act ( Chetty, 2015; Goga, 2014; Kinnes, 2017; Steinberg, 2004).
ミュージックワークスは南アフリカ、ケープタウンに拠点を置くNPO法人で、阻害されたコミュニティで育つ若者に音楽を通じた社会心理的支援を提供している。南アフリカでは、300年に渡る植民地主義によって、国民の大多数に浪費、ネポティズム（縁故主義）、腐敗、抑圧といった遺産が残され、アパルトヘイトへの道が開かれた。その影響は今もなお目に見える形で残り、現在および過去の政治的、社会的、経済的困難の結果、このミュージックワークスのプロジェクトが行われるラベンダーヒルのようなコミュニティに特有の、貧困、暴力団化、失業、家庭内暴力というパターンが延々と引き起こされた。こうしたコミュニティの若者のレジリエンスを促進し強化することは、この連鎖を打破するためだけでなく、コミュニティや社会全体に貢献するメンバーになり解決の一翼を担うようになるという意味でも、彼らを力づける。Ebersöhn’s (2012)のレジリエンスを資源とするレジリエンス生成理論によれば、個人が資源にアクセスし、つながり、集める方法として関係性を利用する時、リスクにさらされている状況の中でも有益な適応を促す可能性を持った環境（エコロジー）が形成される。
レジリエンスの社会生態学的（ソーシャル・エコロジカル）知見に基づき、本稿はラベンダーヒルでのミュージックワークスプロジェクトを概観し、若者や広範囲のスクールコミュニティーとの音楽活動の事例について考察する。このプロジェクトは、若者と彼らを取り巻く人々が、資源となる関係性を利用できるような音楽スペースを共同で創ることを目的としている。MusicWorks est une organisation à but non lucratif basée à Cape Town, en Afrique du Sud, qui offre un soutien psychosocial par le biais de la musique aux jeunes qui grandissent dans des communautés marginalisées. En Afrique du Sud, trois siècles de colonialisme ont ouvert la voie à l’apartheid qui a laissé un héritage de gaspillage, de népotisme, de corruption et d’oppression de la majorité des citoyens de notre pays. Son impact est encore visible aujourd\u27hui et les conséquences des défis politiques, sociaux et économiques passés et actuels ont conduit à la persistance de schémas de pauvreté, de gangstérisme, de chômage et de violence familiale endémiques dans des communautés telles que Lavender Hill, où se situe ce projet MusicWorks. Encourager et renforcer la résilience des jeunes au sein de cette communauté peut leur permettre non seulement de briser ce cycle, mais également de faire partie de la solution à mesure qu\u27ils deviennent des membres actifs de leur communauté et de la société en général. La théorie générative de Ebersöhn (2012) sur la résilience fondée sur les ressources des relations propose que, lorsque les individus utilisent les relations comme un moyen d’accéder aux ressources, de les lier et de les mobiliser, une écologie propice se dessine de manière à favoriser un ajustement positif dans un environnement largement exposé. S\u27appuyant sur cette compréhension socio-écologique de la résilience, cet article décrit le projet MusicWorks à Lavender Hill et examine des cas concrets de travail musical avec les jeunes et la communauté scolaire en général. L\u27objectif du projet est de co-créer des espaces musicaux où les jeunes et leur entourage peuvent accéder à des relations privilégiées. MusicWorks è un\u27organizzazione senza scopo di lucro con sede a Città del Capo, in Sudafrica, e offre supporto psicosociale attraverso la musica ai giovani che crescono in comunità emarginate. In Sudafrica trecento anni di colonialismo hanno aperto la strada all\u27Apartheid, la quale ha lasciato un\u27eredità di rifiuti, nepotismo, corruzione e oppressione nella maggioranza dei cittadini del nostro Paese. Oggi il suo impatto è tuttora visibile e le conseguenze delle passate e attuali sfide politiche, sociali ed economiche, hanno portato a modelli perpetuati di povertà, gangsterismo, disoccupazione e violenza familiare, i quali sono endemici a comunità come Lavender Hill, dove si trova questo progetto MusicWorks. Incoraggiare e rafforzare la resilienza dei giovani all\u27interno di questa comunità può consentir loro non solo di rompere questo ciclo, ma anche di essere parte della soluzione in quanto diventano membri contribuenti della loro comunità, nonché della società in generale. La Teoria Generativa della resilienza basata su relazioni formulata da Ebersöhn (2012), propone che quando gli individui usano le relazioni come modo per accedere, collegare e mobilitare risorse, si forma un\u27ecologia abilitante che possa favorire un aggiustamento positivo in un ambiente a rischio. Attingendo a questa comprensione socio-ecologica della resilienza, questo articolo delinea il progetto MusicWorks in Lavender Hill e discute le casistiche del lavoro musicale sia coi giovani che con la comunità scolastica più ampia. Lo scopo del progetto è quello di co-creare spazi musicali in cui i giovani e coloro che li circondano possano accedere a relazioni con risorse. (Traduzione di Claudio Cominardi
The Swedish modal auxiliary ska/skall seen through its English translations
No full textThe Swedish modal auxiliary ska/ll is interesting typologically because it is highly multifunctional with different functions in the systems of tense and modality. The aim of the paper is to investigate the translations of ska/ll into English as a methodology to throw light on its multifunctionality and the linguistic and extralinguistic factors determining its usage as a marker of obligation. The translations with must and the imperative point to the performative uses of ska/ll such as commands and orders. However, the translations also show that ska/ll is involved in offers, recommendations, suggestions, advice where the strength of imposition has been weakened. Other translations reveal more unexpected uses of ska/ll, for example to express negative evaluation if the context of the utterance could be interpreted as emotional or argumentative. The translations also draw attention to linguistic and non-linguistic factors aiding to distinguish functions of ska/ll (or choosing a particular translational correspondence)
Swedish orka viewed through its English correspondences – ability, insufficient strength/energy or insufficient volition?
No full textThis paper explores the Swedish auxiliary orka and its English correspondences as reflected in English-Swedish parallel corpora. Orka is interesting from a contrastive perspective since it lacks a straightforward equivalent in English. We show that most of the English correspondences, both in the direction Swedish original to English translation and in the direction English original to Swedish translation, indicate a semantic analysis of Swedish orka involving a combination of two meaning components 1) ability and 2) sufficient physical or mental strength/energy. We suggest an analysis inspired by Nadathur (2016) where ability is the core semantic property, but sufficiency of physical or mental energy is included in the lexical meaning of the verb as a potential obstacle to ability. In addition, our material includes correspondences reflecting a second meaning involving sufficiency of volition (von Fintel, 2006), which we assume is derived from the meaning above. We also note that orka predominantly occurs in negative polarity contexts, and speculate that the relatively recent use of the imperative form orka in informal talk, meaning something along the lines of ‘I could not be bothered’, might have its source in such negative connotations. In addition to offering a specified semantic description of the Swedish verb orka, our study contributes to cross-linguistic studies of expressions of sufficiency meanings and sufficiency as a meaning component in verbs (Fortuin, 2013)
Utvikling og testing av alternativ metode for henting og lagring av værdata
Get PDFDet ble i dette forsøket undersøkt om det er nødvendig med en logger på en værstasjon. I samarbeid med Meteorologisk Institutt ble det i over en periode på to måneder utført et forsøk for å se om det er mulig å fjerne loggerne som er plassert ved værstasjoner rundt i landet. Loggerne gjør at om noe skjer med tilkoblingen til værstasjonene vil alle data likevel bli lagret på stedet, og man mister ingen målinger. Målet var å finne ut om man kan fjerne loggeren ved sensoren, overføre verdiene trådløst og likevel opprettholde høy oppetid. Ved å benytte forskjellige programmeringsspråk som blant annet Python ble det laget et program som hentet inn data direkte til en server. Forsøket viser at det er fullt mulig å erstatte loggermetoden som blir brukt i dag til en loggermetode som logger eksternt på en database. Med programmet som ble brukt i forsøket ble resultatet en nedetid på 11.2%. Dette er innenfor det vi regner som akseptabelt
Hvilket eple kan potensielt sett skade tennene mest?
No full textMålet med prosjektet var å undersøke om det er en forskjell på surhetsgraden mellom tre eplesorter, for å sjekke om de ulike sortene, potensielt sett, kan forårsake ulik grad av dentale erosjoner. Dentale erosjoner er fagbegrepet for «syreskader på tennene», og inntak av sur mat og drikke er en av årsaksfaktorene. Eplesortene som ble testet i forsøket, var Granny Smith, Golden Delicious og Royal Gala. Det ble brukt en kvantitativ metode, der pH-verdien i ti epler av hver sort ble testet ved hjelp av et pH-meter. Resultatene var jevne, og viste at eplene av sorten Granny Smith hadde den laveste pH-verdien, mens Royal Gala-eplene hadde den høyeste
Handling the Theme of Hands in early Modern Cross-over Contexts
Get PDFThe human hand is a complex phenomenon within the contexts of early modern visual and textual culture. Its frequent presence in early modern texts and illustrations - as well as the many different types of described and depicted hands - raises a number of questions as to its functions and significances. In this article, we examine the role of the hand and two of its familiar functions –pointing and touching – against diverse and diverging understandings of human perception and cognition in the period focussing particularly on relations between bodies and minds. Through comparative analyses of cross-over examples from both medicine, manuals and drama – primarily John Bulwer’sChirologia and Chironomia, William Harvey’s de Motu Cordis and extracts from Shakespeare’s plays – we explore the questions implied by hands and their contributions to the knowledge probed and proposed by these texts and illustrations
Review: The Monster in the Garden by Luke Morgan
No full textReview of The Monster in the Garden: The Grotesque and the Gigantic in Renaissance Landscape Design, by Luke Morgan. U Penn Press, 2016
Thoughts on Drug Policy, Public Health, and Crime: More Support for Decriminalization
Get PDFIn this paper I describe the nature of my interest in drug policy; discuss questions about whether and why drugs pose a public health problem; present some empirical results that bear on whether drug proscriptions might be justified because of their causal role in contributing to crime; hazard a few observations about how a society should deal with drug problems; and comment on the recent opiate epidemic plaguing much of the United States. My overall conclusion is that a good rationale for drug prohibitions has yet to be found, and the liberal alternative to criminalization, which recommends that drug use be treated as a public health problem, is problematic as well---even though it certainly would be an improvement on the status quo.