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New perspectives on grammatical change in heritage Norwegian: Introducing the adult speaker and adolescent relearner
No full textThis study introduces two speaker types, which have not yet been studied, to the study of heritage Norwegian: one adult (48, i.e., not elderly) and one adolescent speaker (16), “Kari” and “Jess”. They are both North American, English-dominant heritage speakers of Norwegian (AmNo), but differ from an older, previously studied cohort of American Norwegian speakers (old AmNo) in several respects. Kari and Jess have had more continuous contact with Norway throughout their lives. They are both Norwegian-literate and consume Norwegian-language media. Jess has attended Norwegian language courses in Norway, which motivates seeing her as a heritage language relearner. In this pilot study, we test the hypothesis that such extra-linguistic factors lead to grammatical differences between the groups. The hypothesis is tested by the analysis of three variables previously studied in old AmNo speakers: verb-second word order in non-subject initial clauses, possessive placement, and grammatical gender. We drew data from a 48-minute semi-structured speech recording. The study found that Kari and Jess indeed differ from old AmNo speakers. Kari’s language shows very little grammatical innovation, placing her among the most stable AmNo speakers. Jess’ language, in contrast, shows strongly innovative tendencies in all studied variables. To explain the innovations in Jess’ language, we appeal to heterogeneous input during childhood acquisition and cross-linguistic influence from English. Both factors, we argue, are active in the process of heritage language relearning
Suffikskombinasjoner i norsk med adjektivsuffiks på første plass: Hva er tillatt, og hva er ikke tillatt?
No full textArtikkelen handler om suffikskombinasjoner i norsk med adjektivsuffiks på første plass, hva som styrer rekkefølgen av suffiksene, og hvor vanlige kombinasjonene er. Ved hjelp av Aviskorpus (bokmål) ble det gjort søk etter kombinasjoner av åtte adjektivsuffiks og ni suffiks som kan kobles til adjektivsuffiks, i alt 72 kombinasjoner. Belegg for 15 av de 72 ble funnet. I artikkelen blir ulike årsaker til at det ikke finnes flere slike kombinasjoner i norsk diskutert, hovedsakelig suffiksenes valgrestriksjoner. Restriksjonene går bl.a. ut på at noen suffiks bare kan kobles til grunnord som ikke selv er suffigert, og de kan derfor ikke delta i suffikskombinasjoner. Videre viser det seg at det er ganske vanskelig å bytte om på rekkefølgen av suffiksene i en kombinasjon, og det reduserer betydelig muligheten for flere belegg. I norsk finnes det derimot «kløyvd» suffigering, som delvis kompenserer for mangel på suffikskombinasjoner. Kløyvd suffigering innebærer at det skytes inn fuge mellom to suffikser som ellers ikke kan stå sammen i en kombinasjon. Fugen åpner da for videre suffigering
Itelmen Stories
No full text"Itelmen stories" is a poignant tale of the social and personal significance of a language that is near the end of its existence as an orally transmitted means of communication. The film presents both the speaking of the Itelmen language, as it exists today and the meaning of using it in the past and the present. The action in the film revolves around an ancestrally used practice of hunting sable by net. Set in rural Kamchatka in the Russian Far East, where fewer than 20 speakers of Itelmen remain, the film goes beyond its original aim to recapture a language and a hunting practice that are remembered but no longer in use. Two hunters encounter the wild environs and villages of Kamchatka as a history laden homeland and memories, nostalgia, resignation and hope echo throughout the film
Ventetid på OP i kritisk diskursivt perspektiv
No full textPatients who are hospitalized for non-elective surgery risk long waiting hours. Healthcare staff in the ward regard this as an immutable circumstance, while acknowledging it is suboptimal. In this article, we examine healthcare professionals’ discourse about patients’ preoperative waits and which effect this may have for patients’ preoperative waiting time. We use a social constructivist approach to collection of data and analysis. The empirical data consist of six interviews with staff in the surgery ward, and are completed and analysed using Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. A discourse order about patients’ preoperative wait presents four discourses: Policy/economy based discourse, biomedical discourse, democratic discourse and humanistic discourse. Discourses predominantly reproduce social practice although humanistic discourse shows potential for social change. Discourses reflect and constitute a health system in tension between patient orientation and standardization. The discourses relate to results in other studies on the Danish health system. The findings contributes to health care professionals’ critical awareness of waiting hours and language around the theme. Thus, critical awareness may contribute to social change of the practice on waits. However, it is essential to keep in mind that social change through critical awareness of waiting time is not alone a matter of language, but also linked to power relations carried by structural and organizational conditions.Akut indlagte patienter risikerer at vente længe på operation. Plejepersonalet finder det ikke optimalt, men accepterer det som et fast vilkår. I denne artikel undersøger vi med en socialkonstruktivistisk tilgang, med hvilke diskurser sundhedsfagligt personale italesætter akut indlagte operationspatienters ventetid, og hvilke konsekvenser det kan have for ventetiden. Det empiriske materiale er indsamlet i seks interviews med sundhedspersonale på operationsafdelingen, som er udført og analyseret med Norman Faircloughs model for kritisk diskursanalyse. En diskursorden om akutte patienters præoperative ventetid viser fire diskurser: en politisk/økonomisk diskurs, en biomedicinsk diskurs, en demokratisk diskurs og en humanistisk diskurs. Diskurserne reproducerer en social praksis, hvor en humanistisk diskurs dog åbner for potentiel social forandring. Diskurserne afspejler og konstituerer et sundhedsvæsen i udvikling mellem patientcentrering og standardisering. Tilsvarende diskurser ses i andre undersøgelser af sundhedsvæsenet. Fundene bidrager med en kritisk opmærksomhed for sundhedsfagligt personale på ventetid, og sproget omkring temaet. Dermed kan kritisk opmærksomhed bidrage til social forandring af praksis omkring ventetid. Det er imidlertid vigtigt at huske på at social forandring gennem kritisk opmærksomhed, ikke alene er et spørgsmål om sprog, men også er knyttet til magt relationer, der er båret af strukturelle og organisatoriske forhold.
 
Interactivity that matters
Get PDFSkilfully applied, interactivity is an ingredient that may boost engagement and enhance the performance experience of a young audience. However, it can also lead to confusion, banalization and even embarrassment. What are the parameters for interactivity to be experienced as meaningful, and when is it unproductive?
In this article I shall address how conceptions of artistic quality is challenged by contemporary practices of interactivity and audience participation in theatre for young audiences. The question will be discussed in relation to three performing arts productions presented in The Cultural Schoolbag (TCS): One participatory theatre performance and two interactive digital productions. The latter two were developed as part of Kulturtanken – Arts for Young Audiences Norway’s 3-year development project in digital mediation, FoNT (Formidling og Ny Teknologi/Mediation and New Technology). Equipped with theories of games and play, I shall discuss how the three projects succeed in presenting the kids with opportunities for meaningful interaction. I conclude by pointing out some of the parameters that are vital in order to provide meaningful interaction in performing arts aimed at a young audience – interactions that matter
Music Therapy in US Corrections: Philosophy, Practice, and Protocols of Music Therapists Working with Incarcerated People in the US
No full textAlthough the United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world and music therapy has existed in U.S. correctional facilities for almost a century, little is known about music therapists who provide services to people who are incarcerated. Exploration in this area is important as it could help inform clinical practice, music therapy curriculum, and potentially influence policy in the treatment of inmates. This study explores the philosophy, practices, and protocols of music therapists working in the U.S. corrections system. Board-certified music therapists ( N = 542) completed an online survey in which they indicated their reasons for working or not working in corrections. Participants who worked in corrections (n = 52) answered additional questions about their religious beliefs and political affiliation, music therapy practices in corrections, and protocols at their facility related to provision of music therapy services. The results of this survey revealed differences in demographic variables for music therapists who worked in prisons, who were significantly more likely to be men, χ2 (1) = 6.57, p = .015, or under-represented racial minorities, χ2 (1) = 5.82, p = .021, than music therapists who did not work in prisons, who were representative of music therapists in the U.S. (almost 90% white women). The majority of respondents who worked in corrections reported they were Democrats and more than half reported that their religious and/or spiritual views did not influence their decision to work in corrections. Music therapists most frequently addressed emotional awareness, impulse control, and self-awareness through music listening, discussion, and playing instruments. We discuss results in the context of current efforts to improve rehabilitation and treatment services within the U.S. correctional system.Obwohl die Vereinigten Staaten die höchste Inhaftierungsrate der Welt haben und Musiktherapie in amerikanischen Justizvollzugsanstalten schon seit fast einem Jahrhundert praktiziert wird, ist nur wenig über Musiktherapeut*innen bekannt, die Dienstleistungen für Menschen erbringen welche inhaftiert sind. Untersuchungen in diesem Bereich sind wichtig, da sie die klinische Praxis und die musiktherapeutischen Lehrpläne unterstützen und möglicherweise die Politik bei der Behandlung von Inhaftierten beeinflussen könnten. Diese Studie untersucht die Philosophie, die Praktiken und die Dokumentationen von Musiktherapeut*innen, die im US-amerikanischen Strafvollzugssystem arbeiten. Zertifizierte Musiktherapeut*innen (N = 542) füllten eine Online-Umfrage aus, in der sie ihre Gründe für oder gegen eine Tätigkeit im Strafvollzug darlegten. Teilnehmende die im Strafvollzug arbeiteten (n = 52) beantworteten zusätzlich Fragen zu ihren religiösen Überzeugungen und ihrer politischen Zugehörigkeit, zur musiktherapeutischen Praxis im Strafvollzug und zu den Dokumentationen aus Einrichtung in Bezug auf die Bereitstellung musiktherapeutischer Dienste. Die Ergebnisse dieser Umfrage zeigten Unterschiede in den demografischen Variablen der Musiktherapeut*innen. Musiktherapeut*innen die in Gefängnissen arbeiteten waren signifikant häufiger Männer (χ2 (1) = 6,57, p = .015) oder unterrepräsentierte ethnische Minderheiten (χ2 (1) = 5,82, p = .021). Musiktherapeut*innen welche nicht in Gefängnissen arbeiteten waren repräsentativ für die Gesamtpopulation der Musiktherapeut*innen in den USA (rund 90% weiße Frauen). Die Mehrheit der Befragten die im Strafvollzug arbeiteten, gab an, Demokraten zu sein, und mehr als die Hälfte der Befragten gab an, dass ihre religiösen und/oder spirituellen Ansichten keinen Einfluss auf ihre Entscheidung hatten, im Strafvollzug zu arbeiten. Musiktherapeut*innen adressierten in ihren Behandlungen am häufigsten die ‚emotionale Wahrnehmungsfähigkeit‘, ‚Impulskontrolle‘ und ‚Selbstwahrnehmung‘ durch rezeptives Musikhören, Diskussionen und das aktive Spielen von Instrumenten. Wir erörtern die Ergebnisse im Zusammenhang mit den aktuellen Bemühungen um eine Verbesserung der Rehabilitations- und Behandlungsdienste innerhalb des amerikanischen Strafvollzugssystems
Our Courtyard - Bai people of South West China
No full textThis documentary opens the gate to a courtyard and the lives of the Yang family as they look into the past and towards the future for guidance on how to secure a home in post-reform China.
Yang used to live with his two uncles in his ancestral courtyard home until the Land Reform swept the country in the 1950\u27s. As a result of the collectivization that ensued, his uncles were assigned `landlord´ class status, stripped of their property rights and evicted. Because he enjoyed `middle peasant´ status, Yang was allowed to stay. However, he was force to share the Yang clan courtyard with three poor peasant families, and has been living with them ever since.
Today in post-Reform China\u27s market economy, property rights have been restored and many Chinese are seeking to better their living conditions. The aging Yang now has the opportunity to buy back a portion of his family courtyard. At the same time, Yang\u27s son dreams of building a courtyard home by the lake. This documentary opens the gate to the Yang ancestral courtyard and sheds light on the lives and emotions of the family as they look into the past and towards the future for guidance on how to secure a home in which they and the future generations of Yangs can continue to prosper
Alfred Melotu, The Funeral of a Paramount Chief
No full textAlfred Melotu is a Big Man and Paramouth Chief among the Melanesians in the Reef Islands group off, the Solomon Islands. In 1994 a film crew visited Alfred in order to plan a future film. Unfortunately, on the return in 1996 Alfred was on his deathbed suffering from mouth cancer. Nevertheless, he was still a Big Man. Alfred consequently allowed the film crew to record his deathbed and funeral in order to be remembered for the future. However, the film was also to be used as a documentation for his family in order to further secure his land and possessions from other Big Men. In other words, Alfred, used the film as a medium to try to further his power beyond his death. 
Pupil feedback in mentoring: How can a tool contribute to support and challenge preservice teachers and theoretically ground reflection?
No full textMentors in schools strive to develop relevant competence among future teachers. This contribution’s starting point is research indicating that it is essential, but difficult, for mentors to contribute to theoretical grounding and reflection as pillars of mentoring. In this study, preservice teachers and their mentors have used a research - based tool for obtaining pupil feedback on the preservice teacher\u27s teaching. The pupil response is used as the premise for mentoring conversations. Data were obtained firstly by observing mentoring where pupil feedback is used, secondly by interviewing preservice teachers about experiences of receiving and using this feedback during their practicum. The analyses are theoretically grounded in different approaches to mentoring. Findings indicate that the use of such tool in mentoring can contribute to theoretically grounded reflection related to competences teachers need to master, while simultaneously challenging and supporting preservice teachers.Praksisveiledere i skolen skal bidra til at fremtidens lærere utvikler relevant kompetanse. Dette bidraget tar utgangspunkt i forskning som indikerer at det er viktig, men vanskelig, for veiledere å bidra til at teoretisk forankring og refleksjon er bærebjelker i veiledning. I studien har lærerstudenter og deres praksisveiledere prøvd ut et forskningsbasert verktøy for innhenting av elevers tilbakemeldinger på lærerstudentens undervisning. Elevenes respons er lagt til grunn for veiledningssamtaler. Data er hentet ved å observere veiledningssamtaler hvor elevrespons tas i bruk og ved å intervjue lærerstudenter om erfaringer med å motta og bruke elevrespons i praksis. Analysene er forankret i teori om ulike tilnærminger til veiledning. Funnene kan tyde på at bruk av verktøy i praksisveiledning kan bidra til teoretisk forankret refleksjon knyttet til kompetanse lærere trenger og bidra både til å støtte og å utfordre lærerstudenter.