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American Norwegian derivational morphology in contact
No full textHeritage languages (HLs) reliably exhibit morphological patterns prone to change and restructuring. Yet, American Norwegian appears to be remarkably stable in terms of structure, although with some surface variability. Contact patterns have nevertheless long been observed, where original English loanwords receive Norwegian inflectional morphology. Although there is robust evidence for inflectional patterns undergoing both variation and language mixing, there is less work on the outcomes of derivational processes in language contact. We investigate the impact of HL-bilingualism on American Norwegian derivational patterns. Our analysis of corpus data demonstrates a general lack of language mixing in derivations, which supports a long-standing observation in contact linguistics that this material is borrowed as whole lexical items rather than as individual morphemes. This work contributes to our understanding of the relationship between grammatical representations and contact-induced change, further demonstrating the insights into the architecture of bilingual morphosyntax that (moribund) heritage languages provide
Piecing together the history of change: A diachronic study of moribund heritage Norwegian tense morphology
No full textThis historical study of the tense morphology of moribund North American heritage Norwegian (AmNo) provides new diachronic insight into the language change of this variety. Change has been found in present-day (post-2010) AmNo tense morphology. Previous work argues that the observed changes have arisen with the present generation of speakers. However, this has not been proven with a systematic study of early AmNo data. AmNo presents a unique opportunity to explore the diachrony of old (moribund) heritage varieties since historical data have recently become available in the Corpus of American Nordic Speech (CANS). The present work uses such data from CANS, specifically a subcorpus of selected speakers from Coon Valley and Westby (WI) from 1942, which is supplemented by targeted searches in both a subcorpus of all speakers of CANS recorded in 1942 and a subcorpus of all speakers recorded from 1987 to 1992. The study found no evidence of change in the older stages of AmNo. This lack of evidence for change supports the claim that the change in the present-day tense morphology of AmNo has arisen with the present generation of speakers. A probable cause for the lack of change in early AmNo is that the AmNo language communities, to a large degree, functioned in Norwegian up until the 1940s. Thus, Norwegian was available to speakers to a much higher degree than it has been for the present generation. This study provides novel insight into language change in moribund heritage varieties, but it also argues that the study of further grammatical variables and heritage varieties is needed to increase our understanding of the language and grammar of the last multilingual speakers of moribund varieties
Restrictive relative clauses in Greek Heritage speakers in the US
No full textThis paper investigates the production of restrictive relative clauses (henceforth RRCs) in Heritage Greek in contact with US English. In Greek, RRCS are introduced either by the pronoun o opios ‘the who’ which agrees with the nominal head it modifies and is preferred in formal registers; or by the un-inflected complementizer pu \u27that\u27, which appears mostly in colloquial speech. In English, RRCs are introduced by the non-agreeing pronouns who and which and by the complementizer that. The findings suggest that both groups favour the production of pu RRCs but we cannot attribute the overuse of pu RRCs by HSs to English interference. There is no clear evidence that o opios is preferred in formal registers by monolinguals and we argue that HSs avoid o opios RRCs as they have difficulties with establishing agreement between nouns and modifiers. This is corroborated by their use of the English non-agreeing pronouns who and which
Myking – hvad er det for et navn? Et indblik i norske ing-navne
No full textSom navneklasse er stednavne på -ing stort set blevet overset i Norge, på trods af at der findes hundredevis af navne af denne type. Forundringen bliver ikke meget mindre af at netop ing-navne har nydt stor bevågenhed i svensk og dansk navneforskning – og længere væk i Tyskland, Nederlandene og Storbritannien. Med udgangspunkt i modtageren til dette festskrifts navn ser denne artikel nærmere på de godt 170 norske bebyggelsesnavne på -ing. Undersøgelsen finder at det, på grund af at ing-navne er såkaldt afledte stednavne, ikke er muligt at sige noget om primærnavnedannelselokaliteten for denne navnetype. Afledningsordstoffet er i hovedsagen vanligt ordstof der beskriver hvad der er specielt eller godt ved den navngivne lokalitet, oftest hvor god jorden er, eller hvad der fandtes af flora og fauna på navngivningstidspunktet. Artiklen konkluderer at det det norske ing-navnemateriale ikke har meget til fælles med den svenske tolkningstradition, men at der er store sammenfald med den danske. Grundet forskellene i tolkningstradition i Skandinavien opfordrer forfatteren til at navnetypen tages op til nyvurdering i et fællesskandinavisk perspektiv
Referansebasert analyse av referentkopling: Forslag til ein operasjonell modell
No full textDenne artikkelen gjer greie for framstillinga av referentkopling i nokre sentrale verk innanfor tekstbindingsfeltet, sett med skandinaviske auge, og diskuterer problema som kan oppstå når ein brukar desse framstillingane som grunnlag for referentkoplingsanalyse av autentiske tekstar skrivne av relativt røynde språkbrukarar. På basis av denne problematikken vert det presentert eit forslag til ein ny forståingsmodell og eit nytt analyseapparat for referentkopling som baserer seg på relasjonar mellom referentane til frasar i staden for semantiske relasjonar mellom ordstammer. Målsetninga med arbeidet har vore å freista å finna ei løysing på utfordringane knytte til forholdet mellom denotasjon og referanse i referentkoplingsanalysesamanheng, og arbeidet er basert på innsikter henta frå kognitiv lingvistikk og relevansteori. Som illustrasjon til både eksisterande problem og mogelege løysingar er det i all hovudsak brukt døme henta frå ulike tekstar publiserte på Internett
Nyttiggjøring av avløpsvann
No full textI dette forskningsprosjektet har avløpsvann fra tre ulike grønne/grå tak blitt testet og sammenliknet med verdier funnet i vanlig drikkevann. Ni skoletimer ble brukt til å vanne takene slik at det skulle være tilnærmet en form for ekstremnedbør vi kan komme i kontakt med i fremtiden. Poenget med forskningen var å undersøke om avrenningsvannet fra takene har potensiale til å benyttes ytterligere. Noe det har ut i fra testene i denne rapporten
Serious violence – a challenge and reason for reforms?
Get PDFThis text discusses the more recent changes in Swedish criminal law with a focus on the more serious crime and some of the measures lately taken to counter that kind of criminality. A brief walk through the earlier reasoning on punishment and consequences is followed by a glimpse of the reasoning by the Swedish legislator on the rationale of increasing the penalty levels and remodeling the crimes themselves. In the conclusion we find some answers to whether we are dealing with symbolic measures without support in research or an adaptation to society changes and public view on increasing crime
En veiledningsmetodisk bankkonto – rikholdig og lett tilgjengelig
Get PDFAnmeldelse av Veiledningsmetodikk (2. utg.), av Petter Mathisen & Rune Høigaard. Cappelen Damm Akademisk 2021, 160 sider
Harmonizing Hearts with Many Voices – Analysis of Koolulam, a Mass-Singing Phenomenon, and its Contribution to Resiliency
No full textKoolulam is a social musical initiative launched in 2017. The aim of Koolulam is to strengthen the fabric of society through mass singing - collaborative singing in large groups. This is the first study worldwide that examines this social musical phenomenon. The aim of the study to examine the profile of people who participate in Koolulam events and their motives for partaking in such an event, and to examine whether the social, communal and emotional characteristics of mass singing such as in a Koolulam event, include elements that may help strengthen the resilience of individuals in a group. This study used a mixed method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques. The data were collected through questionnaires answered by 914 participants. The findings indicate that Koolulam events are perceived as a unique phenomenon, different from other multi-participant events. The shared singing experience at these events has social, communal and emotional characteristics.
Conclusions: The study shows that singing even one song in a large group consisting of a combination of different voice types, fosters harmony and tolerance among the different voices in the group