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Hvilke matvarer som best virker smertelindrende ovenfor chili av ulik styrke
Get PDFI denne studien ble det undersøkt hvilke vanlige matvarer som hadde best smertelindringsegenskaper for chili-indusert smerte av ulik styrkegrad. Et frivillig utvalg ved videregående skole fikk loggføre smerten de følte etter inntak av chilisaus og matvare. Før chiliforsøket måtte alle deltakere svare på et spørreskjema om chilitoleranse. Det var vann m/isbiter, skummet melk, sjokolademelk, gresk yoghurt, eplejuice og vaniljeiskrem som ble testet opp mot hverandre. Det har i tidligere studier vist seg at melkeprodukter har vært effektive mot smerte av denne typen. Resultatene fra dette prosjektet viser at smertenivåene hos vaniljeisgruppa skiller seg betydelig ut fra andre matvarer etter inntak av vaniljeiskrem. Dataene kunne derimot ikke bekrefte om chilisausstyrken hadde betydning for hvilke matvarer som fungerte best
Er det forskjell i mengden bakterier i faste og ikke-faste klasserom på videregående skoler i Oslo sentrum?
Get PDFInnendørs luftbårne bakterier kommer hovedsakelig fra menneskekroppen. I dette forsøke ble det derfor undersøkt om det er en forskjell i mengden bakterier i faste og ikke-faste klasserom på videregående skoler i Oslo sentrum. Forsøket gikk ut på å dyrke bakterier som befant seg i klasserom på to skoler. Det ble plassert flere petriskåler med to ulike agartyper i 7 klasserom på hver av skolene. Resultatene ble deretter sammenliknet med hverandre. De viste en signifikant forskjell i mengden bakterier på de to skolene. Skolen med ikke-faste klasserom hadde over 4 ganger flere bakteriekolonier totalt enn skolen med faste klasserom. Det ble derfor konkludert at faste og ikke-faste klasserom har en stor innvirkning på bakterie mengden i klasserommene
Einblicke von Musiktherapeut:innen in eine veränderte Praxisausrichtung : Eine klinische, retrospektive Selbststudie
No full textThis report details a clinical retrospective self-study that we undertook to gain insights into our experiences as an undergraduate practicum student and clinical supervisor. We studied our lived experiences of a shift in practice orientation that we implemented with a child with communication and behavioral challenges. Recognizing a few weeks into treatment that our initial outcome orientation and behavioral approach was not meeting the child’s needs, we abruptly shifted to an experience orientation and music-centered approach, commensurate with Bruscia’s (2014) Integral Thinking and Practice model. Curious as to whether our initial perceptions of this shift would hold up to investigative scrutiny, we undertook this retrospective study to answer the following questions: (1) What factors and circumstances may have precipitated (i.e., activated) the shift in orientation? (2) What factors and circumstances may have enabled (i.e., supported) a shift in orientation? and (3) What individual and collective insights might we gain about our lived experience of the shift relative to integral thinking and practice? Findings from thematic analysis of clinical artifacts inform recommendations aimed at helping music therapists to recognize theoretical influences and feel freedom and confidence to make shifts in practice as warranted. We advance reflexivity as a key strategy to improve clinical services and supervisory practices.Dieser Bericht beschreibt eine klinische, retrospektive Selbststudie, die wir durchgeführt haben, um Einblicke in unsere Erfahrungen als Praktikumsstudierende und klinische Supervisorin zu gewinnen. Wir untersuchten unsere Erfahrungen mit einer veränderten Praxisausrichtung, die wir bei einem Kind mit Kommunikations- und Verhaltensstörungen durchführten. Als wir nach einigen Wochen der Behandlung erkannten, dass unser ursprünglich ergebnisorientierter und verhaltensorientierter Ansatz nicht den Bedürfnissen des Kindes entsprach, wechselten wir abrupt zu einer erlebnisorientierten und musikzentrierten Herangehensweise, die dem Modell des Integralen Denkens und Praktizierens von Bruscia (2014) entsprach. Da wir neugierig waren, ob unsere anfänglichen Wahrnehmungen dieses Wechsels auch einer genaueren Untersuchung standhalten würden, haben wir diese retrospektive Studie durchgeführt, um die folgenden Fragen zu beantworten: (1) Welche Faktoren und Umstände könnten den Wechsel in der Ausrichtung ausgelöst (d. h. aktiviert) haben? (2) Welche Faktoren und Umstände haben den Orientierungswandel ermöglicht (d.h. unterstützt)? und (3) Welche individuellen und kollektiven Einsichten können wir über unsere gelebte Erfahrung des Wandels in Bezug auf integrales Denken und Handeln gewinnen? Die Ergebnisse der thematischen Analyse klinischer Artefakte dienen als Grundlage für Empfehlungen, die darauf abzielen, Musiktherapeut:innen dabei zu helfen, theoretische Einflüsse zu erkennen und die Freiheit und das Vertrauen zu haben, Veränderungen in der Praxis vorzunehmen, wenn dies gerechtfertigt ist. Wir fördern die Reflexivität als Schlüsselstrategie zur Verbesserung der klinischen Dienstleistungen und der Supervisionspraxis
An Assessment of Indigenous Knowledge of Music Therapy in Nigeria
No full textIndigenous knowledge of music as therapy as it is understood in Nigeria has to do with the acquisition of information about the application of music for healing in traditional settings. There is no doubt that the use of music to educate, rehabilitate, and bring about healing in Nigerian indigenous societies is an age-long tradition. A survey of traditional music which was carried out through questionnaire and interview methods allude to the fact that most Nigerian cultures firmly believe in the therapeutic potency of music. From the perspectives of some selected Nigerian traditional communities (Esan, Urhobo, Itsekiri, Igbo, Yoruba, Hausa, Bini, and others) this study, therefore, reveals the various forms of manifestations of music healing traditions in different Nigerian communities. Potent as music may be in healing, if the indigenous must beget the modern, there remains a growing need to examine the indigenous understanding of music therapy. As a major aim of this study, we examined the Nigerian construct of illness; illness causation; and how Nigerian people understand music healing and its associated healing techniques. While this work reveals that music in therapy in Nigerian traditional societies has been in use over the ages, regrettably few incidences have been captured in literature. This suggests that this very important branch of music should be introduced into tertiary institutions as an academic field that should embrace cultural and clinical approaches.Das indigene Wissen über Musik als Therapie, wie es in Nigeria verstanden wird, hat mit dem Erwerb von Informationen über die Anwendung von Musik zur Heilung im traditionellen Umfeld zu tun. Es besteht kein Zweifel, dass der Einsatz von Musik zur Erziehung, Rehabilitation und Heilung in den indigenen Gesellschaften Nigerias eine jahrhundertealte Tradition hat. Eine Umfrage zur traditionellen Musik, die mit Hilfe von Fragebögen und Interviews durchgeführt wurde, deutet darauf hin, dass die meisten nigerianischen Kulturen fest an die therapeutische Kraft der Musik glauben. Aus der Perspektive einiger ausgewählter nigerianischer traditioneller Gemeinschaften (Esan, Urhobo, Itsekiri, Igbo, Yoruba, Hausa, Bini und andere) zeigt diese Studie daher die verschiedenen Formen der Manifestationen von Musikheiltraditionen in verschiedenen nigerianischen Gemeinschaften. So mächtig Musik in der Heilung auch sein mag, so besteht doch ein wachsender Bedarf, das indigene Verständnis von Musiktherapie zu untersuchen.
Eines der Hauptziele dieser Studie war die Untersuchung des nigerianischen Konstrukts von Krankheit, der Krankheitsursachen und des Verständnisses der Nigerianer von Musikheilung und den damit verbundenen Heiltechniken.
Obwohl diese Arbeit zeigt, dass Musik in der Therapie in traditionellen nigerianischen Gesellschaften seit Jahrhunderten verwendet wird, sind leider nur wenige Fälle in der Literatur erfasst worden. Dies legt nahe, dass dieser sehr wichtige Zweig der Musik an den Hochschulen als akademischer Bereich eingeführt werden sollte, welcher sowohl kulturelle als auch klinische Ansätze einschließt
Sant nok fyller Kjersti 70 år, men ...: The structure of [A NOK] disjuncts
No full textNorwegian has a productive class of sentence adverbials, disjuncts of the form adjective + nok ‒ [A nok] for short. Examples include sant nok ‘true (enough)’, paradoksalt nok ‘paradoxically (enough)’, and tåpelig nok ‘foolishly (enough)’. Three structural analyses have been proposed for such constructions in the Scandinavian languages. The first has [A nok] as an adjective phrase, with an adjective head and nok as a modifier, i.e. two words. In the second and third proposal, [A nok] is considered to be one word, viz. an adverb. The proposals differ with respect to word formation type. One considers [A nok] expressions to be compounds, which implies that nok is seen as an adverbial root. The other considers them to be derivatives, with an adverbial suffix -nok. This article studies the grammatical and phonological properties of [A nok] disjuncts in order to determine what kind of constructions they represent. It is argued that they are not single words, but phrases, viz. adverb phrases. nok is an adverbial head taking an adjectival complement
Modal Verbs in Sustainability Reports by the University of Cambridge and the University of Oxford : Comparing Discursive Practices
No full textThis article presents and discusses a study on modal verbs in sustainability reports that are communicated online by the University of Cambridge (UC) and the University of Oxford (UO) in the United Kingdom. The study is based upon a contention proposed by Fløttum (2010), who posits that modal verbs are used in sustainability discourse as micro-linguistic means that are involved in a range of pragma-communicative strategies. Following Fløttum (2010), the present study seeks i) to establish the frequency of the occurrence of the so-called “central” modal verbs, i.e. can/could, may/might, must, shall/should, and will/would and ii) to identify their involvement in the programa-communicative strategies in the sustainability reports by UC and UO. The sustainability reports by UC and UO were analysed in the computer program AntConc version 4.0.11 (Anthony, 2022) in order to compute the frequency of the central modal verbs. Thereafter, they were analysed qualitatively to establish their relationship with a range of pragma-communicative strategies that were employed in the sustainability reports by UC and UO, respectively. The quantitative computer-assisted analysis indicated that can and will were the most frequent modal verbs in the UC’s and UO’s sustainability reports. However, the qualitative investigation demonstrated that can and will were associated with different pragma-communicative strategies in the reports. The findings were further discussed in the article
Aktiveringsfunksjonens påvirkning på nevrale nettverks læringsevne
Get PDFAktiveringsfunksjonene i nevrale nettverk utgjør en viktig del av kunstig intelligens. En aktiveringsfunksjon er den funksjonen i et nevralt nettverk som leverer resultatet basert på datainputen. Denne studien sammenliknet læringsevnen til nevrale nettverk med ulike aktiveringsfunksjoner. De seks aktiveringsfunksjonene PReLU, ReLU, Sigmoid, Softplus, Tanh og den lineære funksjonen, f(x) = x ble testet på 600 nevrale nettverk. Nettverkene ble trent og testet på MNIST-datasettet som består av 80 000 bilder av håndskrevne tall. Resultatene viste at det var signifikante forskjeller mellom læringsevnen til nettverkene som brukte ulike aktiveringsfunksjoner. Nettverkene som brukte PReLU oppnådde høyest identifiseringsrate, og hadde lavest standardavvik
The Legalisation of Child Pornography in Sweden and What Followed (1969-1999)
Get PDFAfter some years of debate among intellectuals about the freedom of individuals in relation to the state, sexual intercourse in public was legalised in Sweden in 1971 with an age limit of 15 for participants, and all kinds of printed pornography were legalised without an age limit for those involved. (The representation and private adult consumption of pornography in moving images remained legally unregulated like before.) The reform was similar to a reform that had entered into force in Denmark in 1969. A re-regulation of pornography was carried out during the period 1973-1999. The result of this study shows that although child pornography in print and sexual intercourse in public were criminalised during the rule of conservative Governments (1976-1982), it was not until 1990 that all political parties took a firm stand against child pornography in moving images. The results have been interpreted in the light of the Scandinavian legal realism that characterised Swedish legislation until the 1990s
“It’s Like we Have Our Own Rhythm”. Music Therapeutic Affect Regulation in a Case Study of a Traumatized Patient in Mental Health Treatment
No full textThis article explores how music therapy can contribute to the treatment of individuals with affect regulation challenges related to relational traumatic experiences. Affect regulation was investigated through a case study of music therapy with a man with complex post-traumatic stress disorder. The case represents clinical work in a psychiatric hospital, on a ward for ambulatory treatment of people with severe mental illness and substance abuse challenges. Based on theories of communicative musicality, intersubjectivity and traumatology, an analysis of transcripts of music therapy improvisations and verbal interaction is presented and discussed. The method used in the study is an abductive explanatory thematic analysis grounded in hermeneutic interpretation of data. The two main themes emerging from the analysis are “Musical interaction as co-regulation” and “Music as a creative (re)source” with the subthemes “Musical interventions serves as a regulation tool”, “A process from regulation to relationship, “Musical self-agency” and “Music therapy as an experimental playground”. Further studies on affect regulation in clinical music therapy are warranted
Mexican American Values and Therapeutic Alliance in Music Therapy: Composite Vignettes from the Rio Grande Valley
No full textThe process of building rapport with clients varies across cultures. There are roles, values, and social expectations that music therapists must be aware of to establish a meaningful therapeutic alliance. As music therapy becomes more accessible along the Texas-Mexico border, we must consider how cultural values present in this community may impact therapeutic alliance with clients and families. The purpose of this article is to describe how familismo, confianza and personalismo values have been observed in the context of music therapy in this Mexican American community and how they have shaped both the therapeutic relationship and the role of a music therapist. Through two composite vignettes, this article seeks to (1) recognize the cultural and psychosocial needs of thiscommunity; (2) initiate discourse for a culture-centered framework of music therapy practice in the Rio Grande Valley and South Texas regions; and (3) provide clinical considerations for building therapeutic rapport with clients in this community