Bergen Open Access Publishing (University of Bergen Library)
Not a member yet
2164 research outputs found
Sort by
¿Quiénes son los Musicoterapeutas en México y Cómo Ejercen? Una Encuesta Online de Profesionales y Estudiantes
No full textLa musicoterapia en México tiene una historia limitada, con esfuerzos aislados para establecer la disciplina, falta de programas universitarios y conocimiento público limitado de la profesión. Dada la falta de investigación sobre la musicoterapia en México, implementamos una encuesta cuantitativa en línea para comprender el estado de la práctica de la musicoterapia, invitando a cualquier musicoterapeuta que se identificara como tal y que hubiera practicado entre 1997 y 2022. Una pequeña muestra de musicoterapeutas autoidentificados (N = 33, incluyendo musicoterapeutas en ejercicio y estudiantes) respondió a la encuesta. Esta muestra parece representativa de los practicantes en el país. El nivel educativo de los musicoterapeutas fue muy variado, desde ningún título universitario (en ninguna disciplina) hasta maestría en musicoterapia, obtenida en una institución extranjera. La mayoría de los practicantes (n = 20) informaron no tener un título universitario en musicoterapia. De acuerdo a nuestros resultados, los musicoterapeutas que trabajan en México atienden necesidades similares y en ambientes similares que otros musicoterapeutas en el mundo. Los enfoques de musicoterapia más utilizados son un modelo de musicoterapia humanista desarrollado en México y el método Bonny de Imaginación Guiada y Música (GIM, por sus siglas en inglés), siendo los métodos receptivos los más comúnmente utilizados. Los adultos jóvenes con necesidades de salud mental, con financiamiento propio o familiar, son la clientela más común. Los costos, la duración del tratamiento y la duración de la sesión son comparables a otras terapias en el país, pero el ingreso por esta práctica es muy limitado. Alrededor de dos tercios de los profesionales reciben supervisión, y la mayoría utiliza varios métodos de documentación. Consideramos que México muestra una disciplina emergente, con profesionales que muestran optimismo, compromiso y entusiasmo por la profesionalización de la musicoterapia en México. Se incluyen sugerencias para esfuerzos organizacionales y apoyo de otros países.Music therapy in Mexico has a limited history, with isolated efforts to establish the discipline, lack of university programs, and limited public awareness of the profession. Given the lack of research about music therapy in Mexico, we implemented a quantitative online survey to understand the status of music therapy practice, inviting any selfidentifying music therapists that had practiced between 1997 and 2022. A small sample of self-identified music therapists (N = 33, including practicing music therapists and students) responded to the survey. This sample seems representative of practitioners in the country. Educational level varied widely, from no university degree (in any discipline) to master’s degrees in music therapy, obtained in other countries. Most practitioners (n = 20) reported having no university degree in music therapy. According to our results, music therapists working in Mexico address similar needs and are in similar settings to other music therapists around the world. The most common music therapy approaches are a humanistic approach developed in Mexico and the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music, with receptive methods most often employed. Young adults with mental health needs, with self or family funding, are the most common clientele. Costs, treatment duration, and session duration are comparable to other therapies in the country, but the income from this practice is very limited. About two thirds of practitioners engage in supervision, and most use several documentation methods. We consider that Mexico displays an emerging discipline, with practitioners showing optimism, commitment, and enthusiasm to the professionalization of music therapy in Mexico. Suggestions for organizational efforts and support from other countries are included
Laura E. Beer and Jacqueline C. Birnbaum (Eds.): Trauma-Informed Music Therapy: Theory and Practice
No full textThis is a book review of Trauma-Informed Music Therapy: Theory and Practice edited by Laura E. Beer and Jacqueline C. Birnbaum and published by Routledge in 2022.
The music therapy profession is fortunate to have a timely and comprehensive study of the principles of trauma-informed care, one that tackles challenging issues related to race, culture, systemic oppression, power dynamics, and gender-identity. To practice ethically, it is critical that we understand how and why trauma manifests in our clients’ lives. Because of the prevalence of trauma in the lives of people worldwide, professional music therapists have a moral responsibility to learn about trauma-informed care. Resources that afford health practitioners an opportunity to enhance the clinical skills needed to treat survivors of trauma are essential. Trauma-Informed Music Therapy: Theory and Practice is a vital book that can support music therapists in developing knowledge that can aid in providing effective care to the clients they serve.
From speaking of texts to speaking of Europe
No full textIn this contribution to the festschrift for Kjersti Fløttum, I highlight our shared research interest in texts and text linguistics, particularly our first meeting in the 1980s and our focus in the 2010s on Europe. By that point, we had both expanded text linguistics to encompass studies of how people use discourse – Kjersti’s path – and laughter – my path – in the European Parliament.
With reference to Fløttum’s excellent PhD thesis “Le résumé scolaire” (1990) and her subsequent project on “Speaking of Europe” (2013), I discuss, against the backdrop of my own work on the use of humour in the European Parliament, how the expansion of text linguistics may risk exploding into an unwieldly multiplicity of approaches. The conclusion reflects my wish for a unitary model of how language, text and discourse on the one hand, and society on the other, are firmly interlinked
Ausstieg aus dem Beruf: Eine Grounded Theory-Untersuchung der Entscheidungen von Musiktherapeut*innen
No full textPublished studies indicate that burnout and job satisfaction impact music therapists’ longevity in the profession in the United States. It is unclear whether these factors are related to clinical or professional factors. No studies have been published exploring the reasons that music therapists in the United States have left the profession. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to develop a theoretical framework that describes the decisions and experiences of board-certified music therapists when leaving the profession. The specific aims were to (1) identify factors that influenced therapists’ decisions to leave the profession, and (2) identify any unmet needs in training and supervision that may contribute to these decisions. Thirteen participants participated in the study. Each participant obtained board certification in the United States, worked in a music therapy job, and remain in the workforce but are no longer working in the music therapy profession. Participants completed semi-structured interviews. Interview transcripts were analyzed to understand the experiences and decisions that led to their departure from the profession. Music therapists from the U.S. who participated in this study left the profession due to: (1) availability of sustainable jobs, (2) access to professional support or supervision, and (3) burden of advocacy. These results did not vary according to individual factors such as age, level of education, or the year the therapist entered the profession. Further exploration of this theory and music therapists’ experiences may point to opportunities for changes in training and development of support programs for new as well as experienced professionals.
Acknowledgement from the Voices team:
We’d like to strengthen the connection between articles recently published by Meadows, Eyre and Gollenberg (2022, Volume 1) and Branson (2023, Volume 1) focused on the work lives of music therapists in the United States. Unfortunately, the timing of the review, revision and publication process for Branson’s article dovetailed with that of the two articles published by Meadows, Eyre and Gollenberg so that connections which could have been made between the three articles did not happen. Because of this, some of the research gaps and contextualization provided by Branson appear out of context given the focus and findings of Meadows, Eyre and Gollenbergs’ research - particularly the assertion Branson makes between "professional and clinical factors" and burnout and job satisfaction. These connections are described in detail in Meadows, Eyre and Gollenberg (2022a, 2022b), particularly their article addressing music therapists’ levels of work satisfaction (2022b).
Readers are invited to consider the broad framework provided by Meadows, Eyre and Gollenberg in their two articles in 2022 Volume 1, when reading Branson’s article - and taken together, these three articles enrich our understanding of the struggles some music therapists experience professionally, particularly music therapists who experience low work satisfaction.
References
Meadows, A., Eyre, L., & Gollenberg, A. (2022a). Workforce characteristics, workplace and job satisfaction, stress, burnout, and happiness of music therapists in the United States. Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.15845/voices.v22i1.3366
Meadows, A., Eyre, L., & Gollenberg, A. (2022b). Work satisfaction levels of music therapists in the United States: A mixed methods analysis. Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.15845/voices.v22i1.3367Veröffentlichte Studien weisen darauf hin, dass Burnout und Arbeitszufriedenheit einen Einfluss auf die Dauerhaftigkeit der Berufsausübung von Musiktherapeut:innen in den Vereinigten Staaten haben. Es ist unklar, ob diese Faktoren mit klinischen oder beruflichen Faktoren zusammenhängen. Es wurden keine Studien veröffentlicht, die die Gründe für das Ausscheiden aus dem Beruf von Musiktherapeut:innen in den Vereinigten Staaten untersuchen. Ziel dieser Grounded-Theory-Untersuchung war es, einen theoretischen Rahmen zu entwickeln, der die Entscheidungen und Erfahrungen von staatlich geprüften Musiktherapeut:innen beim Ausscheiden aus dem Beruf beschreibt. Die spezifischen Ziele waren (1) die Identifizierung von Faktoren, die die Entscheidung von Therapeut:innen, den Beruf zu verlassen, beeinflusst haben, und (2) die Identifizierung von unbefriedigten Bedürfnissen in Bezug auf Ausbildung und Supervision, die zu diesen Entscheidungen beitragen können.
Dreizehn Personen nahmen an der Studie teil. Alle Teilnehmenden hatten in den Vereinigten Staaten eine Zulassung erhalten, arbeiteten in einem musiktherapeutischen Beruf und sind nach wie vor erwerbstätig, arbeiten aber nicht mehr im musiktherapeutischen Beruf. Es wurden halbstrukturierte Interviews mit den Teilnehmenden durch. Die Interviewtranskripte wurden analysiert, um die Erfahrungen und Entscheidungen zu verstehen, die zum Ausscheiden aus dem Beruf führten.
Die Musiktherapeut:innen aus den USA, die an dieser Studie teilnahmen, verließen den Beruf aus folgenden Gründen: (1) Verfügbarkeit von dauerhaften Arbeitsplätzen, (2) Zugang zu professioneller Unterstützung oder Supervision und (3) Belastung durch Aufgabe der Verteidigung und Profilierung der Musiktherapie. Diese Ergebnisse variierten nicht in Abhängigkeit von individuellen Faktoren wie Alter, Bildungsniveau oder dem Jahr, in dem die Therapierenden in den Beruf eingetreten sind.
Eine weitere Erforschung dieser Theorie und der Erfahrungen von Musiktherapeuten könnte Möglichkeiten für Veränderungen in der Ausbildung und die Entwicklung von Unterstützungsprogrammen für neue und erfahrene Fachleute aufzeigen
The Question of Copyright in Music Therapy Practice and Research with Children: A Short Essay
No full textThis short essay discusses the relationship between ownership of creative works and music therapy. We ask the following question: what do we mean by ownership of stories and songs in music therapy? We answer this question by highlighting examples from music therapy literature. We base the essay on the notion that children may have certain rights concerning their intellectual properties and products made in therapy, but these rights are not always honored. Musical products such as lyrics or narratives made in music therapy are protected by most countries\u27 national copyright laws, and music therapists working with music should pay close attention to the rights of the creator. Music therapy should not be a free zone or grey area where the laws on copyright do not matter. The essay offers suggestions for practitioners and researchers
What does the public associate with “climate change”? A study of open-ended survey questions from 2013 to 2021
No full textTackling climate change requires a multitude of policy, technological, and behavioral responses, some of which will be felt clearly by the public and potentially need direct public support. It is therefore important to know how people think about climate change. In this study, we present people’s associations with climate change over close to a decade, from 2013 to 2021, in the form of responses to an open-ended question on climate change. To our knowledge, this combination of time series data and quantitative text analysis has not been used before. We pay separate attention to young people’s associations, the associations of those most and least worried about climate change as well as associations with climate change between men and women. We find broad continuity in the topics covered by the responses, but also new emphasis on natural hazards and potentially their human causes
Controverses du changement climatique : la représentation des paroles d’autrui dans les pages de discussion sur Wikipédia francophone et norvégien
No full textThis article explores the collaborative encyclopedia Wikipedia through the lens of two aspects that have particularly interested Kjersti Fløttum throughout her work:
(i) the climate crisis, which will be examined through the analysis of a corpus of Wikipedia pages related to climate change as well as the relevant discussion pages. The corpus contains both French and Norwegian versions of the relevant pages; in this sense, it is a comparable corpus that allows us to shed light on differences both in the treatment and textualization of the contents, and in the nature of the discussions carried out;
(ii) the plurality of voices, more specifically from the perspective developed by J. Authier-Revuz (2020) (la représentation du discours autre - RDA), which allows us to analyze the representation of the speech of others, and linguistic polyphony (Ducrot 1984, Nølke 2017), with a focus on polemic negation in contexts of RDA, which allows us to analyze the expression of controversy.
Résumé
Le présent article se propose d’explorer l’encyclopédie collaborative Wikipédia au prisme de deux aspects ayant particulièrement intéressé Kjersti Fløttum au fil de ses travaux :
(i) la crise climatique, qui sera abordée à travers le choix d’un corpus échantillonné comprenant des articles encyclopédiques et leurs pages de discussion associées. Notre corpus de travail contient les deux versions francophone et norvégienne des pages choisies ; en ce sens, il s’agit d’un corpus comparable qui nous permettra de mettre au jour des différences significatives tant dans le traitement et la mise en texte des contenus, que dans la nature des discussions menées;
(ii) la pluralité de voix, plus précisément sous l’optique de la représentation du discours autre (RDA) développée par J. Authier-Revuz (2020), qui nous permettra d’analyser la représentation de la parole d’autrui et la polyphonie (Ducrot 1984, Nølke 2017), abordée dans le cadre de l’analyse de la négation polémique dans les contextes de RDA, ce qui nous permettra d’analyser l’expression de la controverse
The number of syllables per phrase in Great Tit (Parus major) song decreases in strong anthropogenic noise and at northern latitudes
No full textCover photo: Great Tit male. Photo: Alf Tore Mjøs.
Birds may sing to defend a territory and to attract a mate. However, despite many studies clear conclusions remain on how ecological conditions affect the song, such as physical obstacles that may reduce the sound transmission, and anthropogenic noise that may mask the signal. The social environment of the local populations may also be important, such as breeding density and sex ratio, influencing the number of competing males with which to song match, and the distances to the neighbouring males and to prospecting females. During 2016-19, we counted the number of syllables (notes) per phrase of singing male Great Tits Parus major by visiting seven countries in Europe and one in North Africa. A total of 946 songs were observed by visiting 554 territories. We also recorded study year, anthropogenic noise, calendar date, time of day, type of habitat and vegetation density, latitude, longitude and altitude. The most important explanatory variables were anthropogenic noise and the latitude of the focal site; the number of syllables per phrase decreasing both with increasing anthropogenic noise and with the latitude. The latter result was also supported when analysing sonograms of the species found on the Internet (Xeno-canto), namely fewer syllables per phrase in Norway than in Spain and Portugal. We suggest that repetition of a short phrase is fast interpreted by conspecifics in noisy environments, and that such signals are more readily detected by conspecifics over a wider area where the density of the tits is low
Operant betinging sin effekt på elevers prestasjoner når anvendt simultant med vurderingssituasjoner
Full text linkSelv om Norge bruker mest penger på utdanning av alle OECD land målt som andel av BNP, viser PISA-resultater fra 2012 at Norges matematikkprestasjoner er under gjennomsnittet i OECD landene. Hensikten med denne studien er å undersøke om positive tilbakemeldinger, en del av læremåten kalt operant betinging, kan ha en effekt på elevers prestasjon under en vurderingssituasjon. Operant betinging har blitt forsket på tidligere og vist effektivt i skolesammenheng, men ikke simultant med en prøve. Fire matematikk-klasser fra Ullern videregående skole utførte en flervalgsprøve i faget Mat09-01. Forsøket inneholdt to kontrollgrupper og en gruppe som kun fikk positivt ladede tilbakemeldinger, uansett om de fikk riktig eller galt svar. Resultatene viste at de positivt ladede tilbakemeldingene simultant med prøven ikke hadde en signifikant effekt på poengsummen til elevene, men flere studier må til for å kunne si noe om dette funnet er pålitelig
Chidra: Piercing Karma in the Himalaya
No full textIn the mountainous interior of the Himalaya, a highland peasant transforms into a redeemer by cutting holes (chidra) in the social fabric to be delivered to the gods through his body as sacrificial victim. Closely observing this unique ritual-spectacle, CHIDRA. examines how men, gods, and mediums handle the dangerous substance of actions (karma) at the frontier of the Hindu cultural sphere.CHIDRA (2018) is the product of a collaboration between documentary filmmaker Nadav Harel and Himalayan specialist Arik Moran. The movie follows a transmuted human sacrifice ritual that is unique to the Indo-Tibetan frontier valley of Kullu in Himachal Pradesh, India. By steadily focusing on the expiatory methods that are enacted during this ritual-spectacle, CHIDRA explores the psychological and social constructs surrounding the communal cleansing of sin at the frontier of the Hindu cultural zone.
For a detailed analysis of the ritual, see Moran (2018), The Invisible Path of Karma in a Himalayan Purificatory Rite. On the charter myth and probable origins of the ritual specialists, see Moran (2021), When the Nars descended from Heaven