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Which characteristics are important for species identification of birds in flight? Results from a survey of Norwegian birdwatchers
Full text linkCover photo: Great Skua Catharacta skua. Photo: Terje Lislevand.
A better understanding of how birdwatchers identify species of birds in flight may support the development of machine learning algorithms for automated identification from camera-tracking systems for bird monitoring and mitigation. Norwegian birdwatchers scored the importance of 18 criteria for identifying species of birds in flight in an online anonymous survey. Responses were analysed using an Analytical Hierarchy Process and Bayesian Belief Networks. Species identification was first affected by a seasonal expectation as to which species may be observed during a birding trip. Criteria linked to bird’s appearance were most important for species identification, including plumage colouration or patterns; body and wing shape; beak, neck and tail shape. However, flight pattern and speed may provide additional information. A hierarchical approach to categorisation and species identification may improve processing time of automated algorithms
A Colonização do Brasil e sua Influência na Prática da Musicoterapia do Século XX
No full textBasándose en estudios académicos, la autora presenta su visión sobre cómo la historia de Brasil, que fue colonia de Portugal, repercute en la estructura social, económica y cultural del país en el siglo XXI. Presenta el racismo y el machismo como dos ejes estructurales de la sociedad brasileña, impregnada de prejuicios y tensiones sociales. Analiza cómo el machismo y el racismo son consecuencia de la violencia del proceso histórico brasileño. Argumenta cómo los movimientos sociales y el gobierno han estado trabajando en estas cuestiones a través de diferentes acciones, de la creación de leyes y programas que promueven posibilidades de mayor equidad en una sociedad marcada por la desigualdad social. Al hablar de la musicoterapia, destaca la participación de los musicoterapeutas brasileños en trabajos con la cultura y su impacto no solo en la salud de los usuarios, sino también en la sociedad brasileña en su conjunto. Analiza cómo se trabaja y se reinterpreta la ancestralidad, tanto en el proceso musicoterapéutico como en las fiestas brasileñas, como el carnaval.
Comentario Editorial
¿Nos hemos encontrado en la situación de que un paciente se sienta avergonzado de hablarnos de sus experiencias con la música? ¿Y si el racismo fuese la razón de ello?La autora nos propone pensar sobre cómo el color de la piel, el género o la clase social son datos que podrían intervenir en nuestra escucha. Como clave para abordar estos cuestionamientos se nos ofrece la obra del gran pedagogo brasileño Paulo Freire.A autora, baseada em estudos acadêmicos, apresenta sua visão sobre como a história do Brasil, que foi colônia de Portugal, repercute na estrutura social, econômica e cultural do país no século XXI. Apresenta o racismo e o machismo como dois eixos estruturais da sociedade brasileira, permeada por preconceitos e tensões sociais. Discute como o machismo e o racismo são decorrentes da violência do processo histórico brasileiro. Argumenta como os movimentos sociais e o governo vem trabalhando essas questões através de diferentes ações, da criação de leis e programas que promovem possibilidades de maior equidade em uma sociedade marcada pela desigualdade social. Ao discutir sobre Musicoterapia, enfatiza a participação dos musicoterapeutas brasileiros em trabalhos com a cultura e seu impacto não apenas na saúde dos usuários, mas também na sociedade brasileira como um todo. Discute como a ancestralidade é trabalhada e ressignificada, tanto no processo musicoterápico como em festas brasileiras como o carnaval.
Comentário Editorial
Já nos deparamos com a situação de um paciente se sentir envergonhado de nos contar suas experiências com a música? E se o racismo fosse a razão para isso?A autora nos propõe refletir sobre como a cor da pele, o gênero ou a classe social são fatores que podem influenciar nossa maneira de ouvir. Como chave para abordar essas questões, ela nos apresenta a obra do grande pedagogo brasileiro Paulo Freire.Based on academic studies, the author presents her view on how the history of Brazil, which was a colony of Portugal, affects the social, economic, and cultural structure of the country in the 21st century. She presents racism and sexism as two structural axes of Brazilian society, permeated by prejudice and social tensions. She discusses how sexism and racism are the result of violence in Brazil’s historical process. She argues how social movements and the government have been working on these issues through different actions, the creation of laws and programs that promote greater equity in a society marked by social inequality. When discussing music therapy, the author emphasizes the participation of Brazilian music therapists in cultural work and its impact not only on the health of users, but also on Brazilian society as a whole. The author discusses how ancestry is worked on and reinterpreted, both in the music therapy process and in Brazilian celebrations such as Carnival.
Editorial Comment
Have we ever found ourselves in a situation where a patient feels embarrassed to talk to us about their experiences with music? What if racism were the reason for this?The author invites us to think about how skin color, gender, or social class are factors that could influence how we listen. The work of the great Brazilian educator Paulo Freire is offered as a key to addressing these questions.
“Voces de la Tierra”: Reflexiones Sobre una Experiencia de Composición de Canciones en Lengua Indígena con Perspectiva Grupal, Comunitaria e Intercultural para Honrar al Territorio
No full textEste artículo intenta transmitir, de una manera clara y sencilla, los distintos ejes desde dónde posicionarse como musicoterapeuta en el trabajo con las comunidades indígenas. Se trata de la aproximación a una metodología, esbozada desde lo empírico, con aciertos y errores, que surge de distintas experiencias en las que participo desde hace más de diez años y que se profundiza, sobre todo, en un proyecto en especial que se llama “Pecnetao Huanamina –La Canción de la Madre Tierra.” Como musicoterapeutas, altrabajar con comunidades indígenas, contamos con dos recursos valiosos y transformadores: el uso de la voz y la composición de canciones. Ellos son indispensables en nuestra tarea, que pone la mirada en acompañar el reencuentro con la memoria ancestral y la identidad indígena y en visibilizar la presencia indígena en nuestros territorios.
Comentario Editorial
¿Cómo nos vinculamos con las personas y las comunidades a las que deseamos cuidar? ¿Cómo nos relacionamos con ellas, asumiendo nuestras posiciones de privilegio? ¿Qué nos hace iguales y qué nos diferencia de ellas? Para la autora, ser musicoterapeuta nos exige estar presentes, “con una escucha abierta, atenta y deconstruida,” sabiendo que la desconfianza percibida en los primeros encuentros (al fin y al cabo, somos los otros, los de afuera) luego puede transformarse en un espacio de mutuo cuidado. Las identidades indígenas son parte distintiva de América Latina. Muchas veces silenciadas, ellas encuentran en las canciones un recurso para revitalizar sus lenguas originarias. This article aims to convey, in a clear and simple manner, the different approaches that music therapists can take when working with indigenous communities. It is an approach to a methodology, outlined from empirical evidence, with successes and mistakes, that arises from different experiences in which I have participated for more than ten years and which is explored in depth, above all, in a special project called “Pecnetao Huanamina–The Song of Mother Earth.”As music therapists, when working with indigenous communities, we have two valuable and transformative resources: the use of the voice and songwriting. These are indispensable in our work, which focuses on accompanying the rediscovery of ancestral memory and indigenous identity and on making the indigenous presence in our territories visible.
Editorial Comment
How do we connect with the people and communities we want to care for? How do we relate to them, assuming our positions of privilege? What makes us equal and what sets us apart from them? For the author, being a music therapist requires us to be present, “with open, attentive, and deconstructed listening,” knowing that the mistrust perceived in the first encounters (after all, we are the others, the outsiders) can later be transformed into a space of mutual care.Indigenous identities are a distinctive partof Latin America. Often silenced, they find in songs a resource to revitalize their native languages
Esteartigo procura transmitir, de forma clara e simples, os diferentes eixos a partir dos quais se posicionar como musicoterapeuta no trabalho com comunidades indígenas. Trata-se de uma abordagem metodológica, esboçada a partir da experiência empírica, com acertos e erros, que surge de diferentes experiências nas quais participo há mais de dez anos e que se aprofunda, sobretudo, em um projeto especial chamado “Pecnetao Huanamina –A Canção da Mãe Terra.”Como musicoterapeutas, ao trabalhar com comunidades indígenas, contamos com dois recursos valiosos e transformadores: o uso da voz e a composição de canções. Eles são indispensáveis em nossa tarefa, que visa acompanhar o reencontro com a memória ancestral e a identidade indígena e visibilizar a presença indígena em nossos territórios.
Comentário Editorial
Como nos relacionamos com as pessoas e as comunidades que desejamos cuidar? Como nos relacionamos com elas, assumindo nossas posições de privilégio? O que nos torna iguais e o que nos diferencia delas? Para a autora, ser musicoterapeuta exige que estejamospresentes, “com uma escuta aberta, atenta e desconstruída,” sabendo que a desconfiança percebida nos primeiros encontros (afinal, somos os outros, os de fora) pode depois se transformar em um espaço de cuidado mútuo.As identidades indígenas são uma partedistintiva da América Latina. Muitas vezes silenciadas, elas encontram nas canções um recurso para revitalizar suas línguas nativas
Effekten av diagonale støttebjelker på bæreevnen til SLA 3D-printede strukturer
Full text linkSLA 3D-printing er et relativt nytt felt med begrenset dokumentasjon om materialegenskaper. Diagonale støttebjelker kan forbedre bæreevne ved å fordele krefter og øke stabilitet. Studien undersøker hvordan vinkling på slike bjelker påvirker bæreevne under trykk- og strekkbelastning. Hypotesen var at økt vinkel gir høyere toleranse mot trykk, men påvirker ikke strekk vesentlig. Strukturer med bjelker i ulike vinkler ble testet. Trykktestene viste at støtter økte bæreevne, men uten entydig optimal vinkel. Strekktestene viste små, ikke-signifikante forskjeller. ANOVA og Tukey-test indikerte at strukturer uten støtter skilte seg fra de med 0°, 30° og 60° støtter. Resultatene påvirkes av menneskelige feil, og videre forskning anbefales
Har treningsprotokollen betydning for maksimalt antall kroppshevinger?
Full text linkStadig flere melder seg inn på det lokale treningssenteret og vil bli sterkere og i bedre form. Kroppshevinger er en klassisk styrkeøvelse og et mye brukt mål på fysisk form, men det er ikke avklart hva som er det beste treningsopplegget for å klare flere kroppshevinger. For å undersøke dette ble det gjennomført en studie der 40 deltakere ble randomisert 1:1 til to ulike tre-ukers treningsprogrammer (9 økter totalt). Hovedforskjellen mellom treningsprogrammene var fokus på utholdenhet versus eksplosivitet. Deltakerne måtte først gjennomføre en startmåling. Intervensjon 1 besto av 3 sett kroppshevinger med tre minutters pause mellom hvert sett, mens intervensjon 2 besto av lik total mengde repetisjoner, men med én repetisjon om gangen med 30 sekunders pause. Etter tre ukers intervensjon var deltakerne sterkere i begge intervensjonsgrupper, men det ble ikke påvist signifikant forskjell i effekt mellom de to programmene. Studien viser at systematisk trening forbedrer styrkeprestasjoner
Earth Day Issue Editorial: Vol 09 No 01
No full textThe release of our first 2025 issue on 22 April, coordinated by our new editorial team, coincides with Earth Day 2025. This issue presents five films that take a close look at natural resource extraction worldwide, including gold, copper, oil, sand and stone. The films were not prompted by a specific call but emerged as a common theme from the submissions we received, reflecting a shared spectrum of concerns engaging anthropologists and filmmakers today. In our contemporary era that is profoundly characterised by anthropogenic environmental impact, these films highlight the social inequalities and power imbalances affecting the global majority, causing certain populations to experience the effects of environmental harm more directly and acutely than others. However, the films featured here do not portray such communities as passive victims; rather, they illuminate people’s creative and impassioned forms of resistance, their drive to educate and mobilise against these larger forces, and their assertion of their own rights and agency while fighting for a fundamental sense of respect and accountability towards the natural world we all share.
The forms of social capital. Theory and practice in community work
Full text linkSe det oplastede engelske abstractIn this chapter, addressed to students, practitioners and scholars within the social professions, the theoretical foundation of community work and the widespread application of ‘social capital’ within it will be discussed.
The chapter aims at furthering a critique of ‘social capital’ as presented by Putnam and others’, both with regards to its conceptualization (Portes, 1998) and its more hands-on application within community work (Deflippis, 2001). In this critique, it is argued that an understanding of social capital as ‘traits of communities’ is both logically flawed and ill-equipped at addressing vital areas of interest for social work broadly and community work specifically. In this chapter, it is argued that an adaptation of Bourdieu’s understanding of social capital, intrinsically linked to related concepts and theories, and thus to ideas of power and social stratification, would benefit community work in both its academic and practice-oriented endeavors.
It is further argued that the widespread utilization of ‘social capital’, by way of Putnam, has occurred because of an epistemological disjunction between the theoretical foundation of community work (community work as a ‘project’) and its practice (community work as ‘work’). Putnam’s social capital has been applied, in other words, as a way of bridging a gap between a critical theoretical foundation and a hands-on practical subject, by seeing social capital as an instrument of ‘capacity building’. We believe that this bridge has severe constructional flaws and could (and should) be mended by the reintroduction of Bourdieu’s social capital. This will certainly add complexity to the theory/praxis dialectic, but also a way out of a simplistic and instrumental adaptation within a critical and reflexive discipline
Orange Bicycles—A Case Story: Adapting the “Arts for the Blues” Group Intervention for Use in Staff Wellbeing Music Therapy Sessions
No full textSince the COVID-19 pandemic, staff wellbeing has been an important issue in healthcare settings. However, reports of the contributions of music therapy to this context are rare. During my MA Music Therapy training, I was able to offer music therapy in an NHS Trust’s staff support service for healthcare workers who were burnt-out, depressed or anxious. In this paper I present a case story, focussing on one individual, “Violet,” and identify some of the significant moments in her therapy. From this story, it seems that music therapy can be a powerful way to support the wellbeing of staff, and this may be a rich new vein of work for music therapists to explore. While the Arts for the Blues was initially developed for psychoanalytic group work, this story shows how it has been successfully adapted for use in these one-to-one, active, improvisatory music therapy sessions. Indeed, the model allowed for the limited number of sessions offered in an NHS context to be fully used, and its ingredients contributed to significant moments of therapeutic change
Akademisk skriving? For forskarar? Eit essay
No full textThe Unit for research support at the HVL (Western Norway University of Applied Sciences) library has since the late 2010s offered a series of relatively short introductions to various topics we believe to be useful for researchers, in particular PhD candidates and early career researchers. In addition to “traditional” library topics such as searching, publishing, open science, reference management, databases and other digital resources, we have included sessions on academic writing. The author of this essay has been responsible for these sessions since 2020, and here I will describe more specifically what has been included (and not) within the framework of “academic writing for researchers” and how I understand this topic, that is what I think is particularly relevant for researchers to think about in terms of writing. I will present the theoretical framework I have made use of (in particular Joseph Harris’s book Rewriting) and discuss some examples of academic writing that I find to be productive and informative to discuss. I also take into consideration recent events in the Norwegian public sphere that have created new challenges for us librarians who try to guide academics as writers. The goal of the essay is to contribute to a further reflection on and discussion of what “academic writing for researchers by the library” should be
Hunting success and efficiency of an urban Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) during the low light season in south-west Norway
Full text linkCover photo: A Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus landing on a radio antenna. Photo: Bjarne Emil Time.
In November-December 2019, a Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus hunted close to the center of Bryne, a small town in southwest Norway. During winter, several thousand corvids normally roosted together in the city’s park area. The hunts took place in the dark, after sunset and before sunrise. In this 30-day study, the falcon used a sit-and-wait strategy to hunt roosting corvids. The hunt started each time from the top of a 43 m high antenna near to the park and my apartment. The falcon then brought prey items to a balcony on a tall office building in the city centre, and to the same plucking and eating site after each kill. Sensitive cameras documented the activity of the falcon and its prey which were always Jackdaws Corvus monedula. One camera was mounted by the antenna and two cameras were deployed on the balcony. The attacks were registered as successful if the falcon returned with prey, or otherwise as unsuccessful. The falcon made a total of 42 attacks. A subset of 18 attacks ended with a return to the balcony, of which 13 were successful, resulting in a hunting success of 31% (13/42). Overall, 54% of all kills occurred in the dark before sunrise, and most of the prey were killed in December (77%). The ratio of time spent on successful hunting to total hunting time was 79 to 308 minutes, giving a hunting time efficiency of 26%. On average, the falcon used 6 minutes per successful kill, with a range between 1 to 16 minutes