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Gonadal Development, Social Structure, and Implications of Protandry by Aggressive Dominance in Amphiprion Anemonefish
Get PDFAnemonefish of the genus Amphiprion have developed a mating system involving protandrous sequential hermaphroditism, wherein male sexual maturation occurs prior to female sexual maturation within an individual1. This review will summarize changes in the gonad and individual behaviour through the transition from juvenile to male to female, as well as explore the relationship between body size and fecundity in Amphiprion. A protandrous mating system is advantageous due to the low abundance of host anemones, as it ensures that a migrating anemonefish can find a potential mate in any group it encounters, and loss of a mate will always trigger a replacement. This strategy ultimately grants Amphiprion the ability to withstand unpredictable host abundance and maximize safety and offspring production, encouraging the proliferation of the genus2.
Keywords: anemonefish, Amphiprion, protandry, gonad, aggressive dominanc
How Manitoba Physicians see the Value of Physician Assistants: Manitoba MD views of the value of PAs
No full textThis research investigates the value of physician assistants (PA), presenting the opinions of twenty supervising physicians on how PAs contribute to patient care, the health system, and the physician’s wellness. In May 2019, 72 supervising physicians of Manitoba’s 116 clinical PAs were sent a twenty-question electronic survey asking their perspectives of PA’s Value. A Literature review used PubMed, and Google Scholar search engines for the terms Value, physician assistant, and combinations of phrases related to PA benefit, PA values, Physician Value, and Canadian physician concerns with PAs, to guide the question development.
Twenty physicians responded from the list of the seventy-two physician supervisors contacted, representing a response rate of 27.7%. Three of the physician respondents have employed a PA for less than a year, 85% or 16 MD for more than two years, with 36.84% of the total for longer than five years. Eighty-five percent (n=18/20) of the responding physicians rated the value of having a PA as very valuable or extremely valuable. At the same time, 95% (n=19) were likely or extremely likely to recommend hiring a PA to a friend or colleague. One physician did not find value in the PA they hired. The phrases used by physicians in describing the Value PAs brought to Manitoba Healthcare included Honesty and Respect (78.95%), Improved Access (73%), Excellence In Care (63.1%), A Better Workplace (78.95%), Better Patient Safety (73.68%), Better Teamwork (84.21%), Accountability (73.68%), Efficiency (73.68%), Decreased Stress 42.11%, and Better Communication with Patients (57.89%)
Ultimately, the determination of PA’s Value is through the lenses of those looking and asking what is needed. Manitoba physicians represented in this survey indicate extreme satisfaction with the quality and Value PAs contribute to their practice environment and personal lives
Female-Specific Larval Lethality in the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti
Get PDFThe mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is the primary vector of dengue, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. Dengue alone threatensover 390 million people worldwide, causing over 300,000 deaths annually. Chemical pesticides are the main method of diseasesuppression, but new, environmentally friendly methods of mosquito control are needed. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) isa pesticide-free method of locally controlling pest insects by releasing large numbers of sterile males, to out-compete wild malesfor female mates. For this method to work effectively, few or no females should be released with sterile males as sterile femalescan still spread diseases. Thus, efficient sex-sorting is needed, and to date, no large-scale sex-sorting methods for mosquitoeshave been sufficiently effective for use in sterile insect technique
Advancing Data Analytics for Decoding Gendered Language in Job Advertisements of STEM Fields
Get PDFThe underrepresentation of women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) is a complex issue that is influenced by several factors. Evidence that gendered wording in job advertisements exists and sustains gender inequality (Gaucher et al., 2011) has shown that word choice in job advertisements affects not only one’s perception of their fit for the position, butalso how much they feel they belong to that field. Gaucher’s study documents the effect of masculine and feminine wording in advertisements
The Role, Contribution and Utilization of Physician Assistants in Primary Care
Get PDFObjective:
To understand the role, contribution, and utilization of physician assistants in the primary care setting. This systematic review aims to provide an accurate depiction of the growth and impact of the physician assistant profession in this field of medicine.
Methods:
Using electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE, a review was undertaken using specified search terms of articles between the years of 2010 - 2019. In this review, the eligibility criteria were English language studies conducted in North America or the United Kingdom, PAs working in primary care with recognized PA qualifications and research findings relevant to PAs that are presented separately.
Results:
At least 1029 publications were identified, of which 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. Ten of these studies were based in the United States, while five were based in the United Kingdom. PAs in primary care were found to see less complicated patients, required supervision, and improved the patient caseload for physicians. The patients’ acceptance of PAs is on the rise as more knowledge about the skills and roles become prominent.
Conclusions:
This review highlights the role of PAs in the primary care field, though more research is needed in areas such as patient outcomes to clearly understand the contribution and utilization of PAs in primary care
Professional, Practical and Political Opportunities: Optimizing the Role of Ontario Physician Assistants in Family Medicine : Optimizing the Role of Ontario PAs in Family Medicine
No full textObjective: To identify that facilitators and barriers that influence Physician Assistant (PA) role optimization and success in family practice settings. Setting: Rural and urban family practice settings in Ontario that had employed a PA for a minimum of two consecutive years. Participants: Six family medicine clinics in Ontario represented by seven family medicine Physician Assistants, eight Family Physicians (seven supervising physicians, one physician/administrator), and one clinic manager. Method: To identify the factors that influence role success and barriers which prevent PA role optimization, we conducted an exploratory single case study with embedded subunits of analysis. Data consisted of semi-structured interviews with 15 participants and analysis of documents (medical directives, job announcements, and communications).
Main findings: Barriers and facilitators to PA integration and role success can be categorized into professional, practice-based, and political factors. Professional factors that facilitate role optimization include the professional relationship between the PA and physician, level of comfort with autonomy, trust, rapport and PA competencies. Practice factors that optimize the role include appropriate administrative support/organization, investment in PA training and patient satisfaction. Barriers include employer knowledge of medical-legal risks, communication around the PA role and accessibility of funding. Political factors that limit role optimization and success include billing practices, absence of consistent funding models and lack of regulatory oversight.
Conclusion: Most of the barriers identified relate to enduring policy legacies, which continue to limit the sustainability and stability of PAs in Ontario. Successful Family Physician-PA teams have created individualized solutions to these barriers, and describe their partnership as increasing patient access to care, improving work-life balance, expanding comprehensiveness of services, and advancing team-based collaborative care
How To Submit: Should I Submit to PMUSER Journal?
Get PDFStill not sure? Ask us! [email protected] manuscript is essentially the raw medium in which a researcher tells their story. Sharing the experiences of undergraduateresearch is important. It is both a way to share knowledge, but also see the self-development that comes in the process ofresearch. Every piece of literature one can create is innately perfect; the true show of strength is to make it a little bit better.At PMUSER Journal, we look for the manuscript to be in a plain word document. Do not include personal information inthe file. Have in-file citations in APA format. Also include citations in a .tex or .bib file. This basic layout of citations allowsease of publication. No adapted figures, all work is original and reviewed in a double-blind peer-review process.
Volunteer in any capacity! We are a student-led publication. Participating in layout/peer-review workshops, Editorial Teams, andExecutive Teams give students co-curricular record (CCR) credits at the University of Manitoba.Doing two peer-reviews for PMUSER Journal after attending the workshop “upgrades” the credit to peer-reviewer.Editorial Team members for PMUSER Journal receive CCR recognition for their involvement with journal leadership
Factors that Influence Canadian Physician Assistants to Practice Rurally: A Survey Response : Factors that Influence Canadian PAs to Practice Rurally
No full textA shortage of healthcare professionals is considered to be a driving force behind access barriers in rural Canada. The use of Physician assistants (PAs) as healthcare providers in remote areas can help mitigate this shortage. There is currently no research available on rural Canadian PAs to assess factors that influence the choice to practice rurally. This study examined specific factors influencing currently practicing rural Canadian PAs to choose their rural practice. This study also assessed whether a rural upbringing or participating in a rural rotation positively related to choosing to practice medicine rurally.
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted through an electronic survey. The primary outcomes of this study included examining the significance of 12 factors on the choice to practice rurally as well as whether completing a rural rotation or having a rural upbringing significantly correlated to rural practice.
The top three factors most significantly influencing a PA\u27s decision to practice rurally were (1) increased level of autonomy, (2) type of practice, (3) scope of practice. There was a positive relationship between having a rural upbringing and practicing rurally (X2 (1, N = 61) = 30.47, p <.001). There was no relationship between completing a rural rotation and practicing rurally.
It concluded individuals are more likely to choose rural practice if they had a rural upbringing. Canadian PA schools wishing to increase recruitment and recruitment to rural services can use the above results. Prospective employers can also use the above results to help attract more PAs to rural opportunities