Open Access Journals University of Manitoba
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Putting “emergency” in context: Leah Gazan on the introduction of the Emergencies Act
Get PDFIntroduction by Adele Perry and Kiera Ladner
Speech by Leah Gazan (Members of Parliament, House of Commons of Canada
The Three Sisters
Get PDFOver the past several decades, as researchers we have worked, on and off, with Indigenous individuals and families who have approached us looking for genealogical records that might be able to provide them with answers to questions, or to document relationships with their communities and their families. Peoples’ reasons for wanting to find these records have ranged from personal interest, to being able to access significant health or education resources. Because Indigeneity has been defined by governments in Canada as a biological and genealogical quality, open access to quality genealogical resources for Indigenous people has implications that reach far beyond hobby genealogy. This case study involves the family of three sisters who left their family and their Cross Lake community in the twentieth century, and never returned. 
Niimaamaa, The Forks
Get PDFNiimaamaais located on the South Point path, which is located along the most southern point of The Forks in downtown Winnipeg. In 2018, South Point was renamed by Elders, Clarence and Barbara Nepinak, who were offered asemaa (tobacco) to uncover the name for the path, now also known as Niizhoziibean or ‘the place we come together’. Here, directly on the path, Niimaamaa stands as a colossal thirty-foot tall sculpture made of polished painted steel, copper, and core ten metal. Niimaamaa actively participates as a symbol of decolonization in space and place. Her site-specific location (re)minds, (re)tells, and (re)maps The Forks for visitors who seek to learn about the past or see themselves in the future
‘Forced to Work ‘Too Hard’: A Case Study of Forced Child Labour and Slavery in Manitoba’s Indian Residential Schools
Get PDFThis brief article has highlighted the longstanding history and persistence of unfree student labour that was both foundational and integral to the IRS system. Rooted in the history of the schools, as of 1926 and 1930, these practices met the legal thresholds of slavery and forced labour established in international law. It is important that we do not lose sight of the recentness of this history and its enduring legacies. To this end, this case study of Manitoba Residential Schools contributes to addressing the incomplete record of the past, inserting this important facet of unfree, forced child and slave labour into broader understandings of the Residential School experience and the injustices experienced by Indigenous children at the hands of the churches that operated them and the Canadian government that oversaw them under the guise of educational training
How will you be part of the team? Lessons from the first PAs on a UK hospital service: Lessons from the first PAs on a UK hospital service
No full textThe Physician Associate (PA) profession is relatively new to the British National Health Service. PAs have been educated in the United Kingdom since the mid-2000’s, but only recently have universities begun training large numbers of PAs. More than 70% of all UK PAs work in hospitals, but there is little published literature about the experiences of these PAs. This brief report is a sub-study of a larger grounded theory study on the barriers and facilitators to the integration of PAs into the NHS . PAs who had been the first PA on a secondary care service in the NHS were recruited. The PAs in this study were asked what advice they would share with those who are initiating the PA role on a specific hospital service. PAs advised their colleagues to: 1) Be able to explain the Physician associate role succinctly and clearly, 2) Manage expectations for the PA role, 3) Be honest and trustworthy. Know the limits of your knowledge and training, 4) Take initiative in all areas of your professional life, 5) Be a good team member, 6) Be patient and have perseverance, and 7) Get involved to solve administrative issues. This study has limited generalizability as a qualitative study, but the themes raised by these PAs may help newly graduated PAs achieve a successful transition. These data may also guide PA educators around the world as they prepare their students to enter hospital practice
Exploring Physician Assistant Entrustable Professional Activities, Integration, and Role Satisfaction Within Academic Hospitals in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.: Exploring EPA-PA Integration, and Role Satisfaction Within An Ontario Academic Hospitals
No full textPhysician Assistants (PAs) have been integrated across academic teaching hospitals in Hamilton since 2010. A survey was administered to practicing PAs at Hamilton Health Sciences Centre (HHSC) or St. Joseph’s Healthcare (SJH) to explore PA role integration and PA satisfaction in working at an academic hospital. The 22 PA respondents reported a considerable amount of autonomy of 76% (with 100% being full autonomy). The PAs felt their respective training programs prepared them for the workforce. It is evident that PAs integrate well into the healthcare system; many are mentoring medical students, and all have excellent relationships with their supervising physician(s) and co-workers. However, many PAs expressed feelings of burnout, lack of compensation, and paucity of PA mentorship. Areas of improvement include increasing PA mentorship, recruiting more PAs, and integrating more specialized clinical experience into PA programs
Present is the Past: Flowing into New Waters
Get PDFMy name is Carlie Kane, and I am the grand daughter of Elizabeth Terry Southwind, a matriarch from Obishikokaang [Lac Seul First Nation] on Treaty 3 territory. As an intergenerational survivor of the Indian Residential School and the Indian Day school system, re-learning my Anishinaabe identity and reconnecting with the Land and Water is part of my journey. This is my story
The impact of adding a physician assistant to a rural community hospital intensive care unit: Adding a PA to a rural Community ICU
No full textPhysician Assistants (PAs) are being used to enhance service delivery in a variety of practice settings. This study investigated the impact of adding a physician assistant to an internist team covering a rural community hospital Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in North East Ontario. Retrospective chart reviews and CIHI data extraction was done on a cohort of ICU patients prior to the hiring of a PA (no PA) and compared to a cohort of ICU patients who had received care from a PA during their ICU stay. Inverse probability of treatment propensity scores were applied to match a no PA cohort (n=136) to a PA cohort (n=132). Cohorts were matched to gender, age, comorbidity, and diagnostic groups. The use of a PA was associated with a trend towards lower mortality (42% vs 27%, p<0.07) and no difference in readmission rates or resource intensity. Post PA patients had greater lengths of CCU and hospital stay (19 hrs, p<0.002; 2 days, p<0.002) and more complete admission notes (p<0.003). Adding a PA was associated with greater CCU and hospital length of stay, more complete admission notes and a trend towards improved mortality.
 
Four Approaches to Canadian Physician Assistant Education: Does how we teach PAs make a difference? A survey response from Canadian PAs
No full textEach of the four Canadian PA programs have a unique approach in educating and training their students where in the end, all students share the same competency and equivalence. The University of Toronto approaches its delivery of education through distance learning; McMaster University through problem-based learning; and the University of Manitoba and Canadian Armed Forces through direct instruction.
The purpose of this study was to determine how the delivery of PA education and different teaching designs influence the transfer-of-learning of Canadian PAs when transitioning from formal training to clinical practice. This descriptive study used an online survey to understand the gross patterns that emerged from each institute.
The survey collected 90 responses in total. Majority respondents of all PA programs were employing the training designs emphasized by their institute; there was a correlation between the most common resource provided by their program and the most frequently used resource that PAs personally used to support their education. When transitioning from didactic year to clinical rotations, majority of PAs from the University of Manitoba, the University of Toronto and Canadian Armed Forces felt confident in practicing medicine. On average, it took McMaster University graduates nine months to feel comfortable in their role as PAs, eight months for the University of Manitoba graduates, seven months for the University of Toronto graduates and twelve months for Canadian Armed Forces graduates. Unique trends in the transfer-of-learning of PAs were not noted across the PA programs in Canada despite each program’s unique training design
Dietary Interventions for the Reduction of Postoperative Ileus Following Abdominal Surgery: A Literature Review: Postoperative Ileus Dietary Interventions
No full textIntroduction: A postoperative ileus (POI) is a common complication in patients following abdominal surgery which slows patient recovery and increases postoperative morbidity, length of hospital stay, resource use and healthcare costs. Although many interventions have been hypothesized to play a role in the prevention and management of POI, including chewing gum, coffee, and early enteral feeding, current guidelines regarding best clinical practice are lacking. Objective: The efficacy and safety of various dietary interventions used in the reduction of POI, to aid in providing evidence-based recommendations for future Canadian guidelines on this topic. Chewing gum, coffee, and early enteral feeding was examined. Methods: This literature review used the PubMed database. The primary outcomes measured were the effectiveness of each intervention in lowering the incidence of an ileus as well as their overall safety. Results: Four of eight studies identified positive benefits from the addition of chewing gum on bowel recovery. Three primary studies identified that coffee is beneficial in reducing time to first bowel movement. Three of four studies showed that early enteral feeding significantly improves gastrointestinal motility. All studies reviewed agreed that their respective interventional measures are safe and are not associated with an increase in postoperative complications. Conclusion: Although none of the interventions reviewed show complete consensus regarding their ability to reduce POI, there is an agreement that these measures are safe, well-tolerated, and not related to any major adverse effects. Therefore, chewing gum, coffee, and early enteral feeding are all postoperative measures that patients can be encouraged to adopt. The exact combination of these methods which should be included in the guidelines is unknown and requires further studies to examine the additional benefits provided by using more than one intervention