Open Access Journals University of Manitoba
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Investigation of the Physiological and Behavioural Adaptations of Arctic Fish to Their Northern Aquatic Habitat
No full textArctic fish have adapted to the extreme winters and wide range of temperatures that characterize the Arctic. They have adapted physiologically with the presence of antifreeze glycoproteins in their fluids and through hemoglobin multiplicity. In addition, they have adapted their behaviour to best utilize the conditions of the northern waters throughout the year. These adaptations have allowed Arctic fish to thrive in the cold and changing Arctic Ocean
Interaction Between Reed Canary Grass and Purple Loosestrife in a Replacement Series
Get PDFBoth reed canary grass (Phalaris spp.) and purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) are common invasive plants in Canadian wetlands that can erode biodiversity of native plants. A replacement series study was conducted in a conservatory greenhouse to examine effects of replacement ratio and watering regimes on competitive ability between reed canary grass and purple loosestrife. The ratio of reed canary grass to purple loosestrife was in a 4:0, 3:1, 2:2, 1:3, 0:4 sequence based on the final number per pot. The dry weight of plants was used to quantify their competitive ability. The results showed that the plants in waterlogged and mesic treatments had similar biomass, indicating watering regime did not have a significant impact on competition. Different replacement ratios had a significant impact on biomass accumulation. The 1:3 reed canary grass: purple loosestrife treatments had the highest total biomass, the highest reed canary grass biomass, and the lowest purple loosestrife biomass. Reed canary grass always had higher dry weight per plant than purple loosestrife in intercropping treatments. The per plant biomass of reed canary grass increased as more reed canary grass was being replaced by purple loosestrife in areplacement series, suggesting growth of reed canary grass was more affected by intraspecific competition than competition with purple loosestrife. These results indicate that reed canary grass is more competitive than purple loosestrife and the attempt of supressing growth of purple loosestrife using slightly elevated water level is not viable. If we want to maintain a high level of biodiversity in wetland ecosystems, we should consider control of reed canary grass and purple loosestrife simultaneously
Tackling Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Through Novel Approaches
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Evolutionary Perspectives on Male Homosexuality: A Literature Review
No full textThis review provides a comprehensive coverage of the leading evolutionary hypotheses to date on male homosexuality (namely the sexual antagonism model, the tipping-point model, and the kin selection hypothesis). It does so by first (1), surveying prominent findings on the nature and biological causes of male homosexuality; second (2), discussing the effects of male homosexuality on individual fitness; and third (3), outlining the contending evolutionary theories on male homosexuality and critically evaluating each against current pertinent empirical evidence. This review reveals that male homosexuality is a complex, multifaceted phenomenon influenced by an interplay of genomic and environmental factors that may have had unique evolutionary trajectories. Thus, there is likely more than one evolutionary mechanism at play responsible for the maintenance of gay alleles in the human population. Current research largely supports the notion that gay alleles bestow fitness benefits on heterosexual carriers. The tipping-point model and sexual antagonism model, but not the kin selection hypothesis, are in line with current empirical evidence. Future research into the genomic underpinnings of sexual orientation in homosexual males and its genetic equivalents in heterosexual males and females may allow for further evaluation of these hypotheses.           Keywords: human evolution, evolutionary psychology, mating preferences, sexual orientation, homosexualit
SSEP: Dare to Dream Big Things
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A Vision Quest Experience of a History of Knowledge
Get PDFIt is the right and responsibility of Indigenous Nations to ensure the knowledge transference of our Sacred Traditions and Traditional Knowledges