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Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Report January 1964
No full textReport:United States Department of Interior, Stewart L. Udall, Secretary, Bureau of Reclamation, Floyd E. Dominy, "Pacific Southwest Water Plan", Views and Recommendations of Affected States and Federal Agencies on August 1963 Report, Discussion of Response from Upper Basin States, January 1964 page 1Discussion of the Comments of the
Upper Colorado River Basin States
The Upper Colorado River Basin States, while all agreeing on the regional concept of water resource development, are all consistent in their views as they pertain to the Colorado River Compact of 1922.
The Pacific Southwest Water Plan will not encroach upon the water rights of the Upper Colorado River Basin as defined by the Colorado River Compact. The Compact provisions are not at issue and are not discussed or interpreted by implication. The Water Plan fundamentally provides for the construction and implementation of those engineering and financial facilities necessary to the development and delivery of a water supply to meet the needs of the Pacific Southwest. Because the Upper Colorado River Basin States have not as yet implemented those projects to fully utilize their allocated share of Colorado River water and because deliveries of Colorado River water at Lee Ferry to date have generally far exceeded required deliveries as set forth in the Compact, it was necessary to assume, for planning purposes, some rate of river depletion as Upper Basin uses develop. This assumption will not inhibit or accelerate Upper Basin development but merely is the basis for estimates of water quantities that might be available at Lee Ferry under a projected rate of Upper Basin development. Approval of the Plan by the Congress should in no way be construed as legislative sanction for any magnitude of delivery of water to the Lower Basin.
The Upper Basin States all propose that the Upper Colorado River Basin Fund be reimbursed with interest for revenues lost under the Glen Canyon filling criteria. Inasmuch as the Pacific Southwest Water Plan does not alter the conditions under which the filling criteria were developed, provision for reimbursement goes only to the extent provided by the filling criteria.
The benefits to the Marble Canyon and Bridge Canyon Projects from operation of Glen Canyon Dam were not transferred to the Upper Basin Fund. This was not considered appropriate, as all structures involved are Federal undertakings, and there is no precedent or apparent need for such a transfer.
Hooker Dam and Reservoir, as requested by New Mexico, are included for immediate authorization under the Initial Plan as part of the facilities proposed for the Central Arizona Project. New MexicoEpson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 8 bit, 1,624,557 byte
Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Report January 1964
No full textReport:United States Department of Interior, Stewart L. Udall, Secretary, Bureau of Reclamation, Floyd E. Dominy, "Pacific Southwest Water Plan", Views and Recommendations of Affected States and Federal Agencies on August 1963 Report, Response of Dept. of Agriculture, January 1964, page 55
In view of the magnitude and scope of the plan, a comprehensive study encompassing the coordinated participation of all Federal and non-Federal interests as provided for in Senate Document 97 would be most desirable. If the exigencies of the situation will not permit such consideration, we then recommend the following:
a. The authorizing legislation should include a directive requiring the preparation of a comprehensive development plan by the concerned Federal agencies, in cooperation with State and local agencies, that will integrate Phase 1 projects and the projects and program of all agencies into a comprehensive regional water resource development plan, thus providing a coordinated basis for the proposals that will be later advanced in Phase 2. This comprehensive plan should be completed prior to requests for authorization of any part of Phase 2 of the plan.
b. Since projects that would be authorized under Phase 1 of the plan will have impacts on the National Forest System, the authorizing legislation should contain provisions covering administrative arrangements comparable to those most recently developed for similar situations. These should include provisions for the interchange of jurisdiction of affected lands between the Departments of the Interior and Agriculture; for the construction, operation and maintenance of recreational facilities within or adjoining National Forest boundaries by the Forest Service; for definition of the project purposes for which the Department of the Interior will maintain jurisdiction over certain lands and waters regardless of their location; and for establishment of arrangements for collaboration between the Departments of the Interior and Agriculture to mitigate the adverse impacts that any Phase 1 project may have on resources, improvements and programs associated with the National Forest System.
We believe that a coordinated and balanced program of water and related land resource development is essential for continued growth of the water-scarce Southwest region. This Department stands ready to participate in comprehensive water and related resources development planning for the Southwest to the extent that needed funds and personnel are made available.
We appreciate the opportunity afforded us to review the report.
Sincerely yours,
John A. Baker
Assistant Secretary
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Report January 1964
No full textReport:United States Department of Interior, Stewart L. Udall, Secretary, Bureau of Reclamation, Floyd E. Dominy, "Pacific Southwest Water Plan", Views and Recommendations of Affected States and Federal Agencies on August 1963 Report, Discussion of Response of Dept. of The Army, January 1964, no paginationDiscussion of Comments of the Department of the Army
The plan recommended is consistent with the basic broad resource planning objectives and suggestions advanced by the Acting Chief of Engineers.
His view that more detailed studies of water needs and supplies are needed before conclusions can be reached on a plan of this magnitude is applicable to those features of the Initial Plan listed as requiring more detailed study and to the additional features which may be found desirable as additions to the plan in the future. However, previous and current investigations and planning programs of Department of the Interior bureaus, particularly Reclamation, in the Colorado River Basin (where Congress historically has assigned the primary water resources development responsibility to Interior) and in its service area have provided sound bases to support the recommendations for immediate authorization of a limited number of features in these areas. Also, Bureau of Reclamation planning programs in the Central Valley of California and the California North Coast area, and California Water Resources Department planning programs provide a sound basis for the proposals with respect to transfer of surplus North Coast water to southern California.
The Department of the Interior cannot agree with the suggestion that studies proceed independently for separate areas of the region. Good progress has already been made along such lines, but the time has now arrived for consideration of the problems and opportunities of the region as a whole simultaneously with consideration of future needs of the various component areas.
All practical objectives of the Acting Chief of Engineers' suggestions of a specific plan for the reduction of depletions, evaporation, and conveyance losses are included as a part of the recommended plan.
Careful consideration has been given to the area to be served by the development fund. Extension of support from the fund to additional features in the future, as the plan unfolds, of course, will be dependent upon recommendations by the Secretary of the Interior and approval by the Congress. It is visualized as probable that such extension of support may be recommended for certain features to be constructed by other resource agencies.
The Department of the Interior fully concurs with the Acting Chief of Engineers' comment that careful appraisals of the engineering, economic, and social factors that contribute to the water problems should be bases for future consideration. The proposals and recommendations herein are founded on this premise.Epson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 8 bit, 1,704,812 byte
Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Report January 1964
No full textReport:United States Department of Interior, Stewart L. Udall, Secretary, Bureau of Reclamation, Floyd E. Dominy, "Pacific Southwest Water Plan", Views and Recommendations of Affected States and Federal Agencies on August 1963 Report, Response of Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare, January 1964, title, no paginationVIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
ON AUGUST 1963 TASK FORCE REPORT
ON THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST WATER PLAN
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Report January 1964
No full textReport:United States Department of Interior, Stewart L. Udall, Secretary, Bureau of Reclamation, Floyd E. Dominy, "Pacific Southwest Water Plan", Report of August 1963 as modified January 1964, Summary page 2economy. Southern Nevada requires additional water to provide for its phenomenal population growth. Southern Utah needs water conservation and control facilities to overcome seasonal shortages of surface water.
There is not enough water available to the region at economic cost to provide for an expansion of irrigated acreage, except on Indian reservations and limited areas having local water supplies available, such as the Moapa Valley Pumping and Dixie Projects. However, because of the importance of agriculture to the region, a major objective is to augment the water supplies to maintain irrigated agriculture as close as practicable to present levels. Many crops are grown in the Pacific Southwest that cannot be grown else-where in the Nation or do not have proper market relations.
The greatest future water requirements of the region will be for municipal and industrial uses, caused by the Nation's fastest rate of population growth. Other important needs are for irrigation, power, and flood control. The development plans presented in this report further include water supplies for recreation and fish and wildlife to cultivate those cultural activities which are considered essential to the well-being of an expanding population.
The region presently has an estimated total developed water supply of 13,160,000 acre-feet annually. This is 1,360,000 acre-feet less than the present demand of 14,520,000 acre-feet. Demand will increase to 17,015,000 acre-feet by 1975; 18,725,000 acre-feet by 1990; and 19,805,000 acre-feet by the year 2000. In the meantime, the flows of the Colorado River available to the lower basin will diminish steadily because of continuing development in the upper basin within its Compact entitlement. The California State Water Project will provide 1,900,000 acre-feet before the year 2000. The balance will have to come from improved water management and from new sources.
The precepts under which the Department of the Interior has historically acted have never encouraged the development of one area to the detriment of another. The diminishing of an existing economy, or the retarded development of another, carries nationwide implications. In the Pacific Southwest, defined for the purposes of this study as portions of each of the above five States--each dependent to some extent on the Colorado River--it is incumbent upon the Secretary of the Interior in any plan of regional water development to preserve, protect, and promote the economy and interests of all the affected States. The water plan contained in this report meets these objectives.
The Initial Plan proposes that the Congress guarantee, as a matter of Federal policy through construction of necessary works,
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Report January 1964
No full textReport:United States Department of Interior, Stewart L. Udall, Secretary, Bureau of Reclamation, Floyd E. Dominy, "Pacific Southwest Water Plan", Report of August 1963 as modified January 1964, Recommendations page 1RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that the Congress of the United States be asked to approve the Initial Plan and to implement it by the following:
(1) Guarantee, as a matter of Federal policy through the construction of necessary works, the equivalent of 7.5 million acre-feet of water per year in the Colorado River, either directly or through exchange, to satisfy the consumptive use of:
2.8 million acre-feet per annum in Arizona;
4.4 million acre-feet per annum in California;
0.3 million acre-feet per annum in Nevada;
at cost to users no greater than would otherwise have been incurred had there been sufficient water in the river to satisfy the aforesaid amounts.
(2) Establish a Pacific Southwest Development Fund to be used to:
(a) Underwrite the financial aspects of implementing the policy set forth in (1);
(b) Underwrite the financial protection and assistance to areas of origin;
(c) Assist in the repayment of irrigation costs beyond repayment ability of water users.
(3) Authorize the following features of the Initial Plan:
(a) Mainstream Reservoir Division, consisting of the Bridge Canyon Project and the Marble Canyon Project on the Colorado River, including transmission facilities;
(b) Water salvage and recovery programs, consisting of phreatophyte eradication and control along the lower reaches of the Colorado River and installation of wells for recovery of ground water in the Yuma area;
(c) Central Arizona Project, Arizona;
(d) Federal participation in enlarging that portion of the California Aqueduct from Wheeler Ridge to Cedar Springs Reservoirs;
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Report January 1964
No full textReport:United States Department of Interior, Stewart L. Udall, Secretary, Bureau of Reclamation, Floyd E. Dominy, "Pacific Southwest Water Plan", Report of August 1963 as modified January 1964, Table of Contents, page ivPage
CHAPTER VIII--IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLAN VIII-1
Development Fund VIII-2
Protection for Areas of Origin VIII-3
Agricultural Uses VIII-4
Enlargement of the California Aqueduct VIII-4
Exchange or Replacement of Water VIII-5
Agreements Relative to Hooker Dam VIII-5
Canal Lining VIII-5
Regional Power Intertie VIII-6
Staging of Construction to Meet Needs VIII-6
Priority Planning Program VIII-7
Long-Range Planning VIII-7
Continuing Study of Water Supply VIII-7
Water Quality Management VIII-8
Study and Research VIII-8
Pending Legislation VIII-8
CHAPTER IX--STUDY AND RESEARCH IX-1
Canal Lining and Sealants IX-1
Evaporation Reduction IX-2
Weather Modification IX-3
Water Reclamation and Reuse IX-3
Watershed Management and Improvement IX-3
Ground-Water Investigations IX-4
Surface-Water Resources Investigations IX-5
Water Quality and Waste Management IX-5
Water Salvage IX-5
Research in General Hydrology IX-6
Topographic Mapping Requirements IX-9
Geologic and Mineral-Resource Investigations IX-9
Classification of Federal Mineral Lands IX-9
Fish and Wildlife Research IX-10
Desalting Sea or Brackish Water IX-10
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Report January 1964
No full textReport:United States Department of Interior, Stewart L. Udall, Secretary, Bureau of Reclamation, Floyd E. Dominy, "Pacific Southwest Water Plan", Report of August 1963 as modified January 1964, Chapter I, page 1CHAPTER I
THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST
Southern California and the Lower Colorado River Basin depend either partially or totally upon the flows of the Colorado River and its tributaries for their water supplies. This report, therefore, treats these adjoining geographic areas, having common water-supply problems and needs, as a single region termed "the Pacific Southwest."
For the purposes of this report, the Pacific Southwest is defined as the Colorado River drainage basin, downstream from Lee Ferry to the Mexican border, plus the southern portion of California, bounded on the north by the Ventura-Santa Barbara County line and the Tehachapi Mountains, and on the west by the Sierra Nevada Mountains northward to, and including, Mono County. It includes southern California, most of the State of Arizona, the southern portions of Nevada and Utah, and a portion of western New Mexico. Within this region are the metropolitan centers of Los Angeles, San Diego, Phoenix, Tucson, and Las Vegas, which are among the fastest growing cities of the United States. The area has become one of the most dynamic sectors of the growing national economy. The Pacific Southwest also includes the highly productive agricultural areas of the Imperial, Coachella, Palo Verde, and coastal valleys of southern California, the fertile irrigated desert valleys of central Arizona, and the rich agricultural lands along the lower reaches of the Colorado River. All of these areas are major centers for the production of winter vegetables and specialty crops which are shipped throughout the United States.
It is the most critically water-short region of the Nation, and its future growth is dependent on the provision of an adequate water supply.
General Description
The Pacific Southwest is a land of contrast. It includes Mount Whitney and Death Valley; brown deserts and green forests; and record heat and severe cold.
The area, as defined in this report, contains about 190,000 square miles and includes portions of three major physiographic divisions: the Coastal Ranges, the Colorado Plateaus, and the Basin and Range provinces.
Southern California--Southern California is a region of extreme topographic and climatic diversity, including areas within both the Coastal Ranges and Basin and Range provinces. Within the Coastal Ranges province, with its equable year-round climate, have developed the expanding metropolitan centers of Los Angeles and San Diego.
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Report January 1964
No full textReport:United States Department of Interior, Stewart L. Udall, Secretary, Bureau of Reclamation, Floyd E. Dominy, "Pacific Southwest Water Plan", Report of August 1963 as modified January 1964, Chapter III, page 4Numerous studies have been conducted by various agencies to determine channel losses along the Colorado River below Hoover Dam. Estimates of these losses are generally derived from measured surface-water inflow-outflow relationships and estimated consumptive uses. Because of present indeterminable factors such as unmeasured surface and subsurface inflows and outflows, unaccounted consumptive uses, including unauthorized diversions, channel and open-ground evaporation, etc., these estimated losses cannot be considered absolute in quantity. Based on inflow-outflow studies for the period 1957-1961, a channel loss of 670,000 acre-feet annually is used in this report. Estimated annual regulatory losses of about 230,000 acre-feet are used as representative of optimum operational control with present facilities and scheduling methods.
Present total net reservoir evaporation and channel and regulatory losses below Hoover Dam are estimated at about 1,270,000 acre-feet annually.
Lower Colorado River Tributary Areas
Local Water Supply--The major tributaries to the Colorado River below Lee Ferry, Arizona, are the Little Colorado, Virgin, Bill Williams, and Gila Rivers. Minor tributaries include Kanab, Bright Angel, and Havasu Creeks, and the Muddy River. Table 7 gives the estimated average annual runoff at selected U. S. Geological Survey gaging stations for the 33-year period 1930-1962. Colorado River tributaries and springs, Glen Canyon to Hoover Dam, are estimated to contribute about 800,000 acre-feet annually to Lake Mead based on the 1930-1962 period.
The early development of water supplies in the Lower Colorado River tributary areas was largely from surface-water supplies; however, due to technological advances in pumping equipment, increased demands, and the uncertainty of surface-water supply without storage, usage of ground water now far exceeds surface water. With minor exceptions, a condition of moderate-to-severe overdraft is prevalent in every developed ground-water basin in the area.
Present pumpage in Arizona is estimated to be about 4.9 million acre-feet annually. It is estimated that throughout Arizona, including the Central Arizona project service area, on a long-term average basis about 1.6 to 1.7 million acre-feet of this withdrawal is mined water--water that is not being replenished. Present pumpage in that portion of Nevada tributary to the Colorado River, essentially limited to the Las Vegas Basin, is estimated to be about 65,000 acre-feet annually, with about 30,000 acre-feet of this withdrawal being mined.
The above estimates by no means indicate the seriousness of the shortage that actually exists in the area because much of the
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Report January 1964
No full textReport:United States Department of Interior, Stewart L. Udall, Secretary, Bureau of Reclamation, Floyd E. Dominy, "Pacific Southwest Water Plan", Report of August 1963 as modified January 1964, Chapter III, page 11Table 10
Southern California
Estimated Present Agriculural, Municipal and Industrial Water Net Requirements
Unit: 1,000 a.f.
District or Area Agricultural Municipal & Industrial Total
Coastal Area
Southern California Coastal Plain and Coastal San Diego 519.0 1,539.0 2,058.0
Ventura County 182.0 25.0 207.0
Coastal Indians 2.1 2.1
Subtotals 703.1 1,564.0 2,267.1
Desert Area
Antelope-Mohave Area 216.0 17.0 233.0
Coachella Valley County Water District 340.0 6.0 346.0
Imperial Irrigation District 2,476.0 17.0 2,493.0
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