Psychological Thought (Journal)
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A review for Nikolay R. Rachev's book „Rationality in cultural context“
Full text linkA review for Nikolay Rachev's book “Rationality in cultural context” is presented
Early Traumatic Experiences and Their Relationship With the Emergence of Depressive Symptoms in Adulthood
Full text linkThe aim of this study was the exploration of early traumatic experiences related to emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional and physical neglect, as well as the connection of the dimensions of these early traumatic experiences with the experiencing of depressive symptoms in adulthood. A sample of 331 University students in Tirana, 60 males (N = 60) or 18.1% and 271 females (N = 271) or 81.9% completed the online Beck Inventory for Depression (BDI), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF). The minimum age of the youth participating in the study was 18 years and the maximum age was 32 years, with an average of 20 years (M = 20.07) and the standard deviation (SD = 1.5). Descriptive, correlational and linear regression analysis were used for data processing through the SPSS 22. The study confirmed the connection between early traumatic experiences and the appearance of depressive symptoms in adulthood (r(329) = .333, p .001). Among the dimensions of early traumatic experiences, it seems that a stronger connection with the occurrence of depressive symptoms relates to the size of emotional trauma. The size of child sexual trauma is connected to feelings of punishment and suicidal thoughts in adulthood. Early traumatic experiences seem to have a significant impact on how adults express themselves and choose to interact with their environment. Coping with problems of mental health and depression today can be closely related to the early traumatic experiences of juveniles and adults
Sleep Deprivation Enhances False Memory on the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task
Full text linkFalse memories are memories that people report to be true with high confidence, even though they had never encountered the fact behind the memory in reality. Such memories possess strong semantic association with already existing encoded memories which hence appear to be familiar. Sleep is known to provide optimal conditions for the consolidation of long-term memories whereas the deprivation of sleep is known to hinder memory’s consolidation process. The role of sleep in the formation and enhancement of false memories was tested. The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task was used to induce false memory in thirty-nine male volunteers who either slept or remained awake following learning. Following a night of recovery sleep both groups returned for retrieval of memory. It was found that sleep deprivation in comparison to sleep led to higher false memory
Large-Scale Brain Networks and Freudian Ego
Full text linkSigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, is predominantly known for his conception of the id, ego and super-ego, representing a part of his meta-psychology of the psychic apparatus. Nowadays, with the advancements in technology and science, his meta-psychological structural model of the psyche might be either confirmed or denied by comparing the account of the psychic apparatus of the classical psychoanalysis to the newest findings in neuropsychology and cognitive neuroscience. Indeed, the founded interdisciplinary project of neuro-psychoanalysis strives to answer such questions. In this article, the current thinking on the discussions around Freudian ego and its possible brain correlates is presented. In 2010, Robin Carhart-Harris and Karl Friston introduced a neuro-psychoanalytic account of the psychic apparatus, where the ego correlated with a large-scale brain network called the default-mode network. In the end of this paper, an original theoretical hypothesis is offered, supplemented with review of the literature, namely that the central-executive network and the salience network are viewed as the true representatives of Freudian ego. The offered hypothesis criticizes Carhart-Harris and Friston’s postulating of the default-mode network as being the brain representative of Freudian ego
Book review of the textbook “Cognitive psychology” whose author is Natasha Angelova
No full textThis book review of the textbook “Cognitive psychology” deals with its purpose, structure and the basic theoretical concepts presented in the book
Interview With Professor C. Robert Cloninger
Full text linkOn March 26, 2019, at the 12th Geneva Conference on Personality-centered Medicine, I had the opportunity to interview Professor Cloninger – a contemporary theoretician of the personality, creator of the psychobiological theory of personal structure, Professor of Psychiatry, Psychology and Genetics at Wallace Renard, Director of the Center for Social Care at the University of Washington and beyond his many contributions, he is a very warm, positive and spiritual person
Periodization of Creative Self-Realization
Full text linkPeople are sensitive in communication and they undergo relationship problems. They are influenced by others’ evaluation striving for adequate personal self-realization. A periodization of personal creative self-realization is presented, based on psychosexual developmental stages and psychosocial developmental stages for achievement of personal growth and life goals. The proposed periodization of creative self-realization comprises nine stages - Pre-natal stage (from conception to birth); Stage of creative longing (from new-born to 1 year and 7 months); Creative verbal stage (from 1 year and 7 months to 2 years and 7 months); Stage of creative and innovative attitudes (from 2 years and 7 months to 6 years); Stage of creative and innovative self-determination (from 6 years to 11 years); Stage of choice of creative self-realization (from 11 years to 19 years); Inspired creative self-realization stage (from 19 years to 24 years); Stage of conscious intentional creative self-realization (from 24 years to 33 years); and Stage of satisfying creative self-realization (after 33 years)
Motives for Appearance-Related Behaviours in Young Men With Different Weight Statuses: A Qualitative Study
Full text linkThe study explored motivations for appearance-related behaviours in male emerging adults (18-29 years) with different weight statuses. Fifteen in-depth semi-structured interviews with men and 15 interviews with women were conducted. They were analyzed through thematic analysis and interpretative phenomenological analysis. Seven out of the fifteen young men were overweight or obese, with this weight status significantly affecting their motivations for appearance-related behaviours. Nine motives have been identified: to be of normal weight (thinner or larger, depending on current weight status); not to be weight-teased by others; to have a beautiful / muscular body (tight, sports body or well-developed physique, muscular body); to be healthy; to feel good; for high self-esteem; so girls like you; to be able to win physical fights (including being physically strong and evoking respect for other men); for (professional) development in sport. The first five motives were related to eating behaviour (special regimen / dieting) and physical activity (sports, physical exercise, and fitness). The motive for having a beautiful / muscular body was also related to excessive physical training and supplements and anabolic steroids use. The other motives were related to sports, fitness, excessive physical training, supplements and anabolic steroids use. The first two motives referred only to overweight and obese men, and the third motive - almost entirely to normal weight men. The motives to be healthy and to feel good were among the most universal (important for men with all kinds of weight statuses). The last 4 motives were related to normal weight status and well-developed muscular physique.Language: Bulgaria
Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood and Identity Distress
Full text linkEmerging adulthood is characterized by a psychosocial moratorium up to 30 years of age, and the psychosocial moratorium implies a crisis or identity distress. We are interested in the possible correlations between the dimensions of emerging adulthood and the identity distress and their mediation through processes of self-reflection. The study involved 202 persons aged 17-30 years. An Inventory for the study of the Dimensions of Emerging adulthood (IDEA), Identity Distress Measurement Scale (IDM), and Reflection-Rumination Questionnaire (RRQ) were used. The results revealed that there was a direct correlation between the general level of discomfort and the negativity/ instability and a backward correlation between career choices and the feeling of "in between". Negativity/ instability was a predictor of both greater experiences of general discomfort and a longer experience of identity distress. Separation from parents was also a predictor of experiencing a higher overall level of general discomfort, and working (parallel to education) was a predictor of a longer experience of identity distress. Rumination was a mediator in the relationship between the dimension of negativity / instability and the duration of experienced distress.Language: Bulgaria
How Women Migrants Cope With Their Labour Experience: The Case of Eastern European Women Working on Strawberry Farms in Spain
Full text linkThe aim of this study is to know how migrant women from eastern Europe (hereinafter EE) define their migratory experience and how they face it. They were interviewed 25 women who work in the strawberry fields of Huelva (southwest of Spain). The phenomenon is approached from Liberation Psychology (LP) and qualitative methodology. LP emphasises power, as one of the core components of the migration experience, this concept has guided the interpretation of the findings. In-depth interviews with individuals and groups, comprising migrant women from Romania and Bulgaria, were conducted. A thematic analysis was performed which allowed us to identify the key themes running through their narratives. These have been grouped into three areas: the mechanisms of oppression, sources of power, and coping with oppression. In a bid to enhance the well-being of female migrant workers and levels of social justice several are proposed to giving workers better, more comprehensive information about the migration process; facilitating a redefinition of the concept of migration; and providing cultural competence training for employers as part of social policy are discussed