Psychological Thought (Journal)
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RURAL TEMPORARY MIGRANT WORKERS: ADJUSTMENT AND INTEGRATION IN PORTUGAL
Full text linkThis study aimed to analyze the main adjustment difficulties encountered by temporary immigrants and to identify the ways in which organizations received them and implemented integration strategies. Using a sample of three human resource managers, six supervisors and 50 immigrants of varying nationalities, the results revealed that although immigrants claimed to feel largely integrated in the new society and the organizations where they worked, the supervisors argued that integration and adjustment practices directed at immigrant workers were almost non-existent. The practices carried out by the organizations were primarily related to the work aspect, alongside a degree of support with bureaucratic issues and in some cases the provision of Portuguese language courses. Studies on rural immigrants are scarce, especially with regard to organizational integration practices. Managing a diverse workforce is one of the great challenges of modern organizations, hence immigrant workers’ integration is critical not only for the individuals themselves but also for the performance and success of the companies as a whole
SPIRITUALITY OR SOCIO-ECOLOGY? – STUDY OF THE PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF SPIRITUAL WELL-BEING QUESTIONNAIRE IN AN ECLECTIC SAMPLE OF BELIEVERS
Full text linkThe Spiritual Well-being Questionnaire (SWBQ) was widely studied as a psychological instrument; yet, there is a lack of its use in non-religious research. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the SWBQ in a sample of practising believers, non-practising believers, sceptics and atheists. A total number of 279 participants aged between 17 and 69 (M=24.42, SD=9.463) completed the SWBQ and socio-demographic measurements. The SWBQ’s factorial structure proved to be different from the original version, suggesting inconsistencies between content validity and factorial validity. Environmental Domain was the factor with the greatest statistical weight in the scale's total variance. SWBQ’s metrical properties are contrary to a synergic spirituality
SEXUAL PREJUDICE AND THE RELEVANCE OF POLITICAL CULTURE: TRENDS AND CORRELATES IN EL SALVADOR
Full text linkThe correlates of sexual prejudice –negative attitudes toward gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals– are well-known in the literature, but the relevance of the social-political environment in which these correlates insert has received less attention. This study examines trends and correlates of sexual prejudice in El Salvador, a country frequently ranked as one of the most homophobic in the Americas. Using a representative sample from national-level surveys conducted between 2008 and 2016, it was found that the Salvadorian population displayed high levels of sexual prejudice in this period, although these levels varied significantly over time. Analysis with 2016 data showed that socially precarious conditions, religion, and traditionally gendered worldviews, were positively associated with sexual prejudice. Sexual prejudice also correlated with political and social beliefs that encompass authoritarian and misogynistic tendencies. Three clusters of predictors of sexual prejudice were identified: Religious conventionalism, unsophisticated masculinity background, and deficient democratic socialization. This study supports previous findings about correlates of sexual prejudice while highlighting the lesser-studied role of the social-political environment, and oscillations in a democratic culture, in perpetuating sexual prejudice
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSECURE ATTACHMENT PATTERNS AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF GENERAL CAUSALITY ORIENTATIONS
Full text linkThe main aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of general causality orientations within Self Determination Theory in the relationship between adult attachment styles and various psychopathological symptoms (depression, OCD symptomology, and general psychological symptoms). Total 750 participants were consisted of 558 female and 192 male. Results of a mediation analysis demonstrated that: autonomy orientation have shown positive effect to statistically significant predictors for various psychopathological symptoms, but having impersonal orientations have shown negative effect. Control orientations have negative effect to statistically significant predictors only for OCD symptomology. Different level causality orientations for each individual was found to be suited for the role of partial mediation this relation, and autonomy orientation was found to have more positive roles than control and impersonal orientations. This relationship is differential with respect to gender effect and anxious or avoidant attachment patterns
ANALYSING ANOREXIA NERVOSA: DIGITAL LOGIC PROVIDES ALTERNATIVE MEANINGS OF ITS NATURE, LEADING TO ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
Full text linkThe purpose of this article is to apply innovative analogue and digital thinking processes that, first, negate DSM (III to 5th Eds.) understandings of anorexia, and then formulate a bases which encapsulates alternative understandings of the universal patterns of behavior, understandings that honour and embrace the patterns of behavior expressed by each person. Published research of lived experiences of persons who exhibit patterns of behavior and attitudes towards food, weight, body shape and size, that are deemed to be diagnostic criteria of anorexia nervosa, provides evidence that those patterns of behavior serve as coping mechanisms against the suffocating forces of unwanted, specific, and personal discourses in their lives. As a consequence of this application, the article argues that these universal patterns of behavior and attitudes to food, weight and body image, expressed uniquely by each person, are expressions, images and ideas of a specific form of an archetype, with each person having their personal and unique reasons for their behavioral expressions. This analyses indicates that these persons do not “suffer from” a mental eating disorder called anorexia, and that psychotherapeutic approaches for each person should focus on the problems in their lives, problems that cause them to express the images and ideas of a universal archetype.
FALSE MEMORIES FOR SEMANTIC AND CATEGORY ASSOCIATES: COMPARING RETRIEVAL STRATEGIES AND RETENTION INTERVAL
Full text linkFalse memories are memories that people believe indeed correspond to actual events from the past. Experimental investigation of false memories involves varied methodologies, including semantic and category associate technique. While the category method depends on the frequency of intra-list items, semantic associate measures semantic association of intra-list items. The present study compares false memory generation through category and semantic associates. Additionally, the mode of retrieval (recall, recognition) and retention interval (short, long) were manipulated to measure their effect on false memory generation. The result of the study suggests that retention interval and mode of retrieval did influence false memories generated using words (semantic associates) and line drawings (category associates)
SELF-IDENTIFIED MISOPHONIA PHENOMENOLOGY, IMPACT, AND CLINICAL CORRELATES
Full text linkMisophonia is a newly recognized condition involving adverse emotional reactions to environmental sounds, most often produced by other people. This study reports results of a survey describing the phenomenology of misophonia based on a large sample. Survey data were collected from individuals self-identified as having misophonia. A total of 1,061 individuals reported specific distressing reactions to sounds, and responses indicating severity of misophonia and perceived comorbidity. Over 82% of respondents were female. The average age of the study participants was 37.49 years (SD = 12.24; range from 18 to 72). Most respondents reported multiple triggers and adverse emotional reactions, as well as multiple coping responses. The majority of respondents reported comorbid diagnoses. Misophonia severity is described, as well as impact on quality of life. A minority of respondents had some experience with treatment and most reported no change in symptoms. Treatments reported for misophonia were typically ineffective, and once developed, misophonia symptoms persist. The results of the study showed that misophonia is a newly recognized condition that appears to have important impact on people’s lives. It typically develops in early life, and is associated with a reduced quality of life, substantial comorbidity, negative emotional experiences, and behaviors that are likely to impact interpersonal relationships
REVIEW OF THE BOOK “PSYCHO-SOCIAL ASPECTS OF NUTRITION AND EATING DISORDERS” WRITTEN BY TSVETELINA HADZHIEVA
Full text linkThis review presents the book “Psycho-social aspects of nutrition and eating disorders,” whose author is Tsvetelina Hadzhieva,Ph.D. The proposed book treats issues related to nutrition and eating disorders and the relationship they have with the culture and society. The review reflects the structure of the book in accordance with the information of each chapter. The review ends with a positive appraisal
BENIGN AND MALICIOUS ENVY SCALE: AN ASSESSMENT OF ITS FACTOR STRUCTURE AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES
Full text linkRecent theorizing and research have proposed two subtypes of envy, namely benign envy, and malicious envy. However, many of the existing measures have mainly focused on the malicious dimension of envy. The Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BeMaS) appears to be an appealing measure to fulfill this research need. The current study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of BeMaS in terms of its factorial validity, construct validity, and reliability. The current study recruited two samples of university students for this purpose (N1 = 500; N2 = 356). As hypothesized, exploratory factor analysis in Study 1 yielded a two-factor structure of BeMaS (47% variance explained), which is further supported with confirmatory factor analysis in Study 2 (TLI = .919, CFI = .940, RMSEA = .078, χ2/df = 4.039). Both subtypes of envy significantly correlated with other psychological (depression, anxiety, and stress) and behavioral problems (conspicuous consumption orientation), evidencing the construct validity of BeMaS. Benign envy scale and malicious envy scale demonstrated good internal consistency in both samples. In conclusion, the psychometric assessments provided strong evidence for BeMaS as a valid and reliable measure of envy
TEACHING PSYCHOLOGY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. CHALLENGES FOR ONLINE COURSES
Full text linkThe forced transition to online teaching and learning, caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic, was sudden and difficult for many teachers and students who had to adapt to new ways of interacting. Our purpose is to describe some specific challenges and recommendations for online teaching and learning in the field of Psychology, especially for those who never had this kind of experience before. The quality of learning was not an issue identified by current students, but the content quality and the opportunities for social interactions during online courses were revealed as real problems by scientific research. Teachers are expected to act as facilitators, content experts, organizers, or technical helpers, and all these may become sources of frustration. The convenience of online courses for students could diminish the worries connected to learning outcomes, but we have to admit that not all teachers are prepared, willing or able to adapt to online classes