International Journal of Health Studies (IJHS - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences)
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Evaluating the Efficacy of Emotional Intelligence Training versus Gradual Desensitization Methods for individuals with Social Phobia Disorder
No full textBackground and purpose: Social phobia disorder, a pervasive and costly condition, often exhibits a weaker recovery rate compared to other phobia disorders in the absence of effective interventions, leading to a chronic course. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of emotional intelligence training and gradual desensitization techniques in the treatment of clients with social phobia disorder
Challenges and Complications of Long-Term Screen Exposure: An Editorial Letter
Get PDFThe persistent exposure of children and adolescents to screens is a growing global problem whose complications are gradually involving societies. The prevalence of screen addiction among adolescents varies considerably from country to country, and the results of recent studies are remarkable. Among the countries studied, Brazil has the highest prevalence, with an incredible 70.9% of adolescents spending excessive time on screens1. In contrast, studies from Switzerland show that while screen use has increased dramatically, rates of problematic screen use have remained stable without a significant increase in Internet Addiction Test scores2,3. In China, the prevalence of Internet addiction among young people is reported to be 6.2%, which is a lower rate than in Brazil4. In Northern Cyprus, the prevalence of Internet addiction among young people is 18.15
The Effectiveness of Teaching Choice Theory to Parents with Psychiatric Disorders and Its Effect on their Children\u27s Self-Concept and Self-Efficacy
Get PDFBackground: Mental illness is the primary reason for disability among young individuals, making up a significant portion of the worldwide health issues experienced by teenagers, and can have lasting effects. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the theory of choice for parents with psychiatric disorders and its effect on their children\u27s self-concept and self-efficacy.
Methods: This research was a semi-experimental study using a pre-test-post-test design involving two experimental groups and one control group. The study population comprised all parents with psychiatric disorders who were diagnosed and were part of the Aheba Mental Illness Rehabilitation Center, totaling around 1000 in Tehran, Iran, 2024. Thirty parents with psychiatric disorders were randomly selected through a convenience sampling process and subsequently assigned to either an experimental group (n=15) or a control group (n=15). The experimental group participated in an eight-week structured choice theory, including reality therapy by Glaser, with one 90-minute session per week. The control group received no intervention. Data collection was facilitated using Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90R), The Self-Efficacy Scale (SES), and The Beck’s Self-Concept Test (BST). The inferential statistical method of multivariate analysis of variance was used for data analysis, with SPSS version 20 software being employed.
Results: The findings suggest that the theory of choice training allows for a significant increase in self-efficacy and self-concept among children of parents with psychiatric disorders in the experimental group (Pvalue<0.05).
Conclusions: Because the theory of choice training within a group supports internal control of people, the increasing internal control is causing increasing accountability, and therefore the increase in self-efficacy and self-concept. Therefore, group theory of choice training can be useful and applicable as a psychological therapeutic intervention for increasing self-efficacy as well as self-concept in children
Evaluation of academic satisfaction and quality in the Covid-19 pandemic: a post-Covid-19 study among the students of Medical Sciences
Get PDFPurpose - One of the most important events that happened during the Covid-19 pandemic was the development of the virtual education system, which had effects on the quality of education and the level of student satisfaction with education from various aspects. This study was conducted to check the quality of virtual education and the level of satisfaction of students of different fields in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences.
Design/methodology/approach- In this study, standard questionnaires, whose validity and reliability were checked, were completed by students of different fields and academic semesters, and the results were analyzed with the help of SPSS v21 software.
Findings- The results of this study showed that the level of education quality and the level of students\u27 satisfaction with virtual education in most of the majors were medium and high.
Originality/value- The experience of successful teaching-learning styles can be introduced, specified and evaluated, and it can initiate the cycle of reforming and improving the education process even in critical conditions such as the Covid-19 pandemic
The Impact of Proactive Personality on Turnover Intention and Psychological Empowerment with the Mediating Role of Career Adaptability in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Snapp Company Employees in Iran
No full textBackground: Career adaptability can help individuals see probabilities in unforeseen changes, invest in those changes, and improve unpredictable outcomes. On the other hand, career adaptability can be a double-edged sword and may lead to voluntary turnover intention. To better understand the concept of career adaptability and its role in an organization, the present study has focused on examining the impact of proactive personality on turnover intention and psychological empowerment with the mediating role of career adaptability in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This study employs a correlational method and is considered basic research from an objective standpoint. The administrative staff of Snapp company, who were 5000 individuals at the time of the study (2021), were selected as the statistical population, and 357 individuals were chosen as the sample based on Krejcie and Morgan Table. Due to the inability to access all individuals, sampling was done using the convenience sampling method. To assess proactive personality, the Bateman and Crant (1993) Proactive Personality Scale (α=0.909) was used. For measuring career adaptability the Savickas and Porfeli (2012) Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (α=0.843) was used. To measure turnover intention, the Kim et al. (2007) Turnover Intention Scale (α=0.809) was utilized, and to measure psychological empowerment the Spreitzer (1995) Psychological Empowerment Scale (α=0.898) was employed. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to choose the data analysis method. Due to the non-normality of the data, the structural equation modeling (and path analysis) technique was used to assess the causal relationship between variables.
Results: Data analysis showed that there is a relationship between proactive personality and psychological empowerment of Snapp employees during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the mediating role of career adaptability (β=0.370). Additionallythere is a significant positive relationship between proactive personality and turnover intention (β=0.211) and psychological empowerment (β=0.557). Furthermore, the career adaptability of employees is significantly positively related to their psychological empowerment (β=0.438).
Conclusions: Despite this, contrary to previous research, the results obtained in the current study did not show a relationship between career adaptability and turnover intention, and in the same way, rejected the mediating role of career adaptability in the mentioned relationship.
Factor Structure of the Short Form of the Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI-12) Among Iranian Family Caregivers of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Methodological Study
No full textBackground: Measuring the amount of caregiving burden is crucial, considering the significant role of family caregivers in promoting the health of patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. One of the most commonly used tools for assessing caregiver burden is short form of the Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI-12). This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the ZBI-12 in family caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis in Iran.
Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional methodological study involving four hundred participants. The validity assessment of ZBI-12 was carried out in three stages: face validity, content validity and construct validity. Additionally, convergent and discriminant validity were examined, followed by assessing reliability.
Results: During the Exploratory Factor Analysis, two factors were identified: caregiver-related and patient-related concerns. These factors accounted for 56.7% of the total variance in care burden. Confirmatory Factor Analysis validated all goodness-of-fit indices of the final model. Two factors of this inventory demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach\u27s alpha coefficient = 0.90 and 0.79; McDonald\u27s omega coefficient = 0.902 and 0.843) and stability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.95 and 0.96), respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that the Persian version of the ZBI-12, consisting of 12 items and two factors, is a practical and valuable tool for measuring the care burden of family caregivers in the hemodialysis treatment
Effective interventions for the safety of pedestrians from urban traffic crash in Iran: an evidence-based report to local policy makers
No full textPedestrians are 23% of the victims of road traffic crashes in Iran. The second cause of injuries in these accidents is also assigned to this group. The most important cause of this vulnerability is the behavior of pedestrians, Nevertheless the interventions to change behavior in solving this major problem have been the least effective. The cause of this lack of effectiveness is related to voluntary choice in behavior change, seen in all regions of the world. This brief report introduces the use of effective interventions to policymakers by explaining the role of public health in promoting the safety of pedestrians. Reducing the speed of vehicles in residential areas by implementing measures that will change speed control from a voluntary choice to a compulsory choice is a very effective strategy for improving the health and safety of pedestrians
The Effect of Eight Weeks of Endurance Training and Curcumin Supplementation on the Levels of Inflammatory Markers and Cardiopulmonary Function of Obese Girls with a History of Coronavirus Infection
Get PDFBackground: This study aimed to investigate the discrete and combined effects of 8 weeks of endurance training and curcumin supplementation on the levels of inflammatory markers and pulmonary function in obese girls with a history of coronavirus infection.
Methods: This research was conducted by semi-experimental method and clinical trial in the form of pre-test and post-test. 40 obese women were selected randomly and allocated into 4 groups: exercise+curcumin supplement (Curcu+Exe), exercise+placebo (Exe), curcumin supplement (Curcu), and control (Control). The subjects in exercise groups participated in an eight-week aerobic exercise program. The subjects of the supplement groups took three to four capsules every day. The level of blood serum inflammatory indicators was measured using the ELISA kit. The pulmonary function indices were evaluated using a spirometer.
Results: The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of progressive endurance training along with curcumin supplementation in obese girls with a history of corona infection, led to a decrease in inflammatory indicators (IL-6 and TNF-a) and improved pulmonary function indicators in the experimental groups.
Conclusions: Curcumin supplementation along with progressive endurance exercises can lead to the improvement of inflammatory conditions and pulmonary function in obese girls with a history of corona disease. Therefore, these people can improve their body composition and general health through the combination of endurance activity and curcumin supplementation
Investigating the Effect of Personality Traits on the Mental Health of Prisoners with the Mediation of Religiosity
Get PDFBackground: Studies show that prisoners have a higher prevalence of mental disorders than the general population. Paying attention to factors affecting the mental health of prisoners, including religiosity and personality traits, is very important to reduce recidivism. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mental health, personality traits, and religiosity in prisoners of Fars province.
Methods: The study was correlational research conducted on all new prisoners in Shiraz. With Inclusion criteria have a willingness to participate in the survey, to have spent at least 48 hours in prison, and to have good mental health. Exclusion criteria included the presence of a mental disability, psychological problems, or being on medication . Demographic information, mental health, personality, and religiosity were assessed through face-to-face interviews, and relationships between variables were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS 26 and AMOS 24.
Results: Neuroticism through religiosity was associated with reduced depression, Somatic symptoms, social dysfunction, and anxiety. However, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness through religiosity are associated with increased depression, somatic symptoms, social dysfunction, and anxiety.
Conclusions: personality traits indirectly impact mental health through religiosity, which plays a significant mediating role in these associations. Further research can examine how personality traits and religious beliefs work together to influence mental well-being
Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Couple Therapy on Marital Satisfaction, Marital Function and Obsessive Symptoms in Couples with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
No full textBackground: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a psychological condition that hinders one\u27s ability to function properly because of persistent and unproductive thoughts and behaviors and has been suggested to contribute to distress in romantic relationships. The purpose of this study was to explore how couple therapy rooted in acceptance and commitment can improve marital happiness and functioning while decreasing obsession symptoms in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Material and method: The current research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design. The target population consisted of all patients diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder who were referred to psychological service centers in Isfahan in 2022. Twenty-six married patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder were chosen through convenience sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (13 individuals in each group). The experimental group underwent an intervention based on acceptance and commitment, involving 10 therapy sessions lasting 90 minutes per week (five group sessions and five sessions with both partners present). Meanwhile, the control group remained on a waiting list and received no experimental treatment. The two groups were evaluated before and after the program using the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction (EMS), The Family Functioning Scale (FFS), and The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). In this research, statistical calculations were conducted using SPSS-21 software by performing the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).
Results: The analysis of covariance results indicated that during the post-test phase, the experimental group displayed significant enhancement marital satisfaction, marital function, and decreased obsessive symptom scores with a statistical significance (P<0.05). Moreover, the intervention had a 58 percent impact on post-test obsessive symptom scores.
Conclusion: The results of this research suggest that utilizing acceptance and commitment couple therapy can enhance marital satisfaction, improve functioning, and decrease obsession symptoms, making it a viable treatment option for individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorde