Universitas Negeri Manado, Jurusan Kimia: Open Journal Systems
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Perancangan Primer untuk Deteksi Kandungan Gen Cytochrome b Babi dengan Metode Polymerase Chain Reaction dan Aplikasinya pada Berbagai Produk Industri
Get PDFTypes of meat from food products that circulating in the market can be detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction with the cytochrome b gene as a marker. The most important and characteristic component for the PCR reaction is the primer, which is an oligonucleotide that acts as an initiator in the PCR reaction. In this study, the primer designed was intended to amplify the pig cytochrome b gene. The design was carried out with the help of the Primer-BLAST application, and manually, three pairs of primers came from BLAST primers, and one pair of primers was designed manually. The primer that has been designed is tested on pork, beef, and food industry products, such as pork sausage, beef sausage, and chicken sausage. The results of PCR amplification were identified qualitatively using 1% Agarose Gel Electrophoresis and visualized using a UV transilluminator. The primer designed manually to produce the whole pig cytochrome b gene with a product size of 1140 bp has succeeded in amplifying the product and is specific because it only produces bands in pork samples, while in chicken and beef samples, it does not produce bands. The three pairs of primers suggested by Primer-BLAST could amplify the porcine cytochrome b gene with band sizes of 121 bp, 272 bp, and 262 bp, but they are not specified yet because it also can amplify the gene in beef and chicken samples. The manual primer design is the best primer and can be further used to detect foodstuffs contains pig genes by PCR
Ketahanan Hidup Bibit Ikan Mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus) Dan Nilai Parameter Kimiawi Lingkungan Pada Media Pemeliharaan Bioflok Dengan Debris Daluga Sebagai Sumber Karbon
Get PDFBioflok adalah teknik budidaya ikan untuk mengelola lingkungan budidaya dengan memanfaatkan mikroorganisme untuk meningkatkan penggunaan pakan dan sisa hasil metabolisme dengan penambahan sumber karbon organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketahanan hidup bibit ikan mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus) dan nilai parameter kimiawi lingkungan pada media pemeliharaan bioflok dengan debris daluga (Crytosperma merkusii) sebagai sumber karbon. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang dilakukan adalah tanpa bioflok, C:N=15, C:N=20, dan C:N=25. Hewan uji ikan mujair dengan panjang rata-rata 5,5 cm di tebar 10 ekor setiap ember. Parameter yang diamati adalah kualitas air yang meliputi suhu, pH, konduktivitas, dan redoks dan Survival Rate (SR) ikan mujair. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa perlakuan terbaik pada C:N=25 dengan persentase SR tertinggi yaitu, 86,67%. Kualitas air selama penelitian ada pada kondisi optimal di setiap perlakuan
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Batang Daun dan Bunga Jumpai (Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC.)
Get PDF Jumpai (Glinus Oppoitifolius (L.) Aug. DC) contains flavonoids compounds that can act as antioxidants by donating hydrogen so as to stabilize the lack of electrons in free radicals. This study aims to determine the antioxidant potential of stem, leaf, and flower extracts by looking at the IC50 value. The stems, leaves, and flowers were extracted by maceration using 70% l ethanol solvent. The results of the antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil) showed very strong antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 9.523 µg / ml stem, 32.89 µg / ml leaves, and 23.07 µg / ml flowers with vitamin comparisons. C obtained IC50 value of 1,698 µg / ml. Based on these results, it can be rejected that the stems, leaves, and flowers have antioxidant activity with a very strong category against DPPH free radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil). 
Sintesis Triacetin dari Gliserol dan Asam Asetat dengan Katalis Zeolit Alam Termodifikasi
Get PDFResearch has been conducted on the synthesis of triacetin from glycerol and acetate acid by the modify of natural zeolite catalyst with sulfuric acid 6N and followed by the characterization of the results of the reaction. Modified natural zeolite followed by an analysis of infrared spectrophotometry and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The characterization showed that modified natural zeolite has mordenite characteristics. The concentration of modified zeolite used is 3, 5, and 7% by weight of acetate acid as its reactant. Data processing used is one-way variation analysis and its characteristics seen in the physical-chemical test, followed by an analysis of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic (GCMS) and infrared spectrophotometry. Based on the results of data processing, the concentrations of modified zeolite 3, 5, and 7% did not affect the yield of triacetin esterification reactions, the results respectively were 75,2881%, 71,9681%, and 69,0431%. The characterization results show that the physical-chemical properties of the reaction such as density, viscosity, and solubility are not following Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) of triacetin. The results of the GCMS analysis showed that there were two peaks with their respective fragments and the results of the infrared spectrophotometric analysis showed the presence of functional groups absorption for ester compounds
Adsorpsi Logam Cu dengan Graphene Oksida
Get PDFThe development of industry around the river causes an increase in pollutants flowing in the river. One type of industrial pollutant is heavy metals. Heavy metals are toxic and toxic, so the presence of heavy metals in the aquatic environment can damage aquatic ecosystems. One of the ways to remove heavy metals is by using the isotherm adsorption method. Namely the process where the absorption of heavy metals on the surface of solids, namely the adsorbent. The adsorbent used is a graphene oxide sand composite which is made from carbon and has a high potential to remove heavy metal pollutants. The experiment was carried out by mixing the adsorbent with a solution of Cu2+ metal ions and adsorption was carried out using several parameters, namely variations in contact time and adsorption pH and measurements were made using a visible spectrophotometer. Optimum absorption occurs at the 25th minute contact time with an efficiency of 96.2% and at an adsorption pH of 8 with an efficiency of 99.4%. So it can be concluded that graphene oxide sand composite can be used to remove heavy metal pollutants
Penentuan Sun Potection Factor (SPF) Fraksi metanol dan n-Heksan daun kebiul (Caesalpinia Bonduc) Secara In-Vitro
No full textKebiul leaves (Caesalpinia bonduc) are a part of the plant secondary metabolite compounds that have photoprotective properties so they can absorb ultraviolet light. This study aims to determine the fraction of sunscreen activity methanol and n-hexane of kebiul leaves using the in-vitro method. The kebiul leaves were extracted by the method maceration using methanol and then fractionated with n-hexane. The methanol fraction contains secondary metabolites of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The n-hexane fraction contains flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids. The fraction activity is measured absorbance using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The SPF value generated with concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ppm in the methanol fraction, respectively 1,7, 3,81, 5,21, 6,5, and 7,78. Meanwhile, the SPF value for n-hexane fraction was respectively 1.58, 2.82, 4.09, 5.26, and 6.51. The methanol and n-hexane fractions of kebiul leaves can be used as a sunscreen material, at a concentration of 600 ppm, 800 ppm, and 1000 ppm included in the suntan category (moderate to extra protection)
Optimalisasi Adsorpsi Kitosan Dari Kitin Cangkang Keong Sawah (Pilla Ampullacea) Terhadap Logam Kadmium (Cd)
Get PDFThis research aims to make the chitosan from the chitin of the Snail shell (Pilla ampulacea) which can be used as a cadmium metal adsorbent (Cd). It is derived from the isolation of the snail shells through 2 phases, which are deproteination to remove protein and demineralization to remove mineral salts. The formed Kitin is transformed into Chitosan by deacetylated using NaOH 60%. Kitin and Chitosan were acquired, identified by FTIR. The results showed that the chitin yield was 26.81% of the shell weight of 400 grams and the rendemen Chitosan was 31.78% of the weight of chitin. The results of the identification indicate the absorption area of chitin and chitosan function groups, similar to the standard chitin and chitosan uptake areas. Metal adsorption Cd uses adsorbent chitosan from the shell snail (pilla ampulacea) Most optimal occurs at a contact time of 15 minutes and on the weight of adsorbent 0.25 grams, the most optimal absorption occurs at a comparison of 1:30 weight chitosan/volume solution Cd
Pengaruh Penggunaan Simulasi Virtual Laboratorium PhET (Physics Education Technology) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Geometri Molekul di MAN 1 Bitung
Get PDFThis research to see the side-effect of using virtual simulation media PhET (Physics Education Technology) laboratory on student learning towards in molecular geometry at MAN 1 Bitung. PhET is a form of virtual laboratory simulation with observation or experimental activities using software conducted by a computer or mobile phone. This research was a Pretest-Postest Control Group design with a 10th grade Mathematics and Natural Sciences students which is divided two groups they are, the control group and experimental group of 15 students each. The tests carried out to prove the hypothesis were carried out by t-test with the results of ttable = 2.04 and the value of tcount = 2.59. In this case tcount > ttable then, H1 accepted i.e. the average value of the experimental group learning result, morehigher than the control group. The results showed that, the PhET virtual laboratory simulation has a side-effect to students learning results. to measuring how much the side-effect is that, the result of simple with the results of the regression equation is regression had also won three other that is Y=0.6542x 27.26 that indicates who had a positive effect with a correlation as 0.72 correlation in the rate of the strong relationship and value of the coefficient of determination as much as 0,521 or Influental as much as 52,1â„….Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat besar pengaruh penggunaan media simulasi virtual laboratorium PhET (Physics Education Technology) terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi geometri molekul di MAN 1 Bitung. PhET adalah salah satu bentuk simulasi virtual laboratorium dengan kegiatan pengamatan atau eksperimen yang menggunakan software yang dijalankan oleh komputer ataupun handphone. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Pretest-Postest Control Group design dengan sampel siswa kelas X MIPA yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu, kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen yang berjumlah masing-masing 15 siswa. Pengujian yang dilakukan untuk membuktikan hipotesis dilakukan uji-t dengan hasil ttabel = 2.04 dan nilai thitung = 2.59. Dalam hal ini thitung > ttabel maka H1 diterima yaitu nilai rata-rata hasil belajar kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol yang menunjukan bahwa simulasi virtual laboratorium PhET berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Untuk mengukur seberapa besar pengaruhnya, dilakukan uji regresi sederhana dengan hasil persamaan regresi yang didapatkan yaitu Y=0.6542x+27.26 yang menunjukkan pengaruh positif dengan korelasi sebesar 0.72 dalam tingkat hubungan kuat dan nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,521 atau berpengaruh sebesar 52.1%
Abu Limbah Sekam Padi sebagai Bioadsorben yang Efektif untuk Logam Timbal dalam Tanah
Get PDFIn this research, the effect of rice husk treatment, i.e. ashing to produce rice husk ash (RHA), working with base (BRH), and working with acid solution (ARH) on the adsorption capability of Pb(II) ions has been investigated. Adsorption was carried out by mixing 5 g of the adsorbent with 50 mL Pb(II) solution 100 ppm for 3 hours. The unadsorbed ions were analyzed by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometre). Result showed that RH, RHA, BRH, and ARH adsorbents, adsorbed Pb(II) ions with the amount of 86,5 % ; 96,0 % ; 93,4 % ; and 33,0 % respectively. The highest adsorption of Pb(II) (96,0%) occured for the adsorbent of RHA. In the ashing process, the amount of heat or energy might be released and applyed as fuel in various purposes such as cooking and bricks production. Rice husk has multiple uses, besides being a fuel, it can also be used as an effective adsorbent for Pb(II) ions. The study of Pb(II) adsorption kinetics showed that a contact time of 3 hours was an effective time for rice husk ash to adsorb Pb(II) ions. The adsorption of Pb(II) metal by rice husk ash tends to follow a pseudo 2nd-order reaction kinetics pattern
Degradasi Zat Warna Rhodamin-B Menggunakan Green Fotokatalis Seng Ferit (ZnFe2O4) - Ekstrak Daun Pucuk Idat (Cratoxylum Glaucum)
Get PDFCurrently the development of the textile industry is not accompanied by proper textile waste treatment. Dyes from the textile industry are simply thrown away, causing dangerous environmental problems. One of the dyes that is often used in the textile and food industry is rhodamine B. An alternative for handling dye contamination is using photocatalyst technology. ZnFe2O4, nanoparticles have photocatalytic activity with UV light and visible light for the degradation of rhodamine B. This study aims to determine the characteristics of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4,) using a bioreductant of pucuk idat leaf extract (Cratoxylum glaucum) and determine the percent degradation of rhodamine B dye using zinc ferrite photocatalyst material. – leaf extract of pucuk idat (Cratoxylum glaucum). The method that will be used in this research is the experimental method. Broadly speaking, this research includes the extraction of pucuk idat leaves, synthesis of zinc ferrite-pucuk idat leaves and their characterization. To calculate the % degradation of rhodamine-B, first determine linear regression with variations in concentrations of 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, and 25 ppm. The regression equation y= 0.0154x–0.0149 and the correlation coefficient (R2) with a linearity of 0.9857 were obtained. After characterization using XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, and calculations, the highest percentage of rhodamine-B degradation was found in the sample RB + ZnFe2O4 + UV 3 hours, with a % degradation value of 16.42%