TATuP – Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis
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Perception of the risks inherent in new AI technologies
Full text linkArtificial intelligence (AI) has undergone rapid development and is becoming one of the major social issues. The advent of generative AI is not only associated with potential benefits but also poses a number of risks, such as increasing malicious misuse. This brings the issue of regulating new AI technologies into focus. In the search for solutions, the article revisits the problem of applying the precautionary principle. We critically evaluate regulatory approaches, particularly with regard to maintaining an innovation-friendly environment. A prudent approach to new AI technologies not only requires regulatory measures but also places new demands on the education system. We also discuss the regulation of AI from the perspective of Czech legislation in a broader international context. Current challenges in the field of AI competence are highlighted. To make the issue more tangible, we provide specific examples from the Czech Republic.Artificial intelligence (AI) has undergone rapid development and is becoming one of the major social issues. The advent of generative AI is not only associated with potential benefits but also poses a number of risks, such as increasing malicious misuse. This brings the issue of regulating new AI technologies into focus. In the search for solutions, the article revisits the problem of applying the precautionary principle. We critically evaluate regulatory approaches, particularly with regard to maintaining an innovation-friendly environment. A prudent approach to new AI technologies not only requires regulatory measures but also places new demands on the education system. We also discuss the regulation of AI from the perspective of Czech legislation in a broader international context. Current challenges in the field of AI competence are highlighted. To make the issue more tangible, we provide specific examples from the Czech Republic
How can we shape immersive digital worlds democratically?: Interview with Matthias Quent
No full textBook review: Gärditz, Klaus Ferdinand (2023): Hoflieferanten. Wie sich Politik der Wissenschaft bedient und selbst daran zerbricht
Full text linkMeeting report: „Living Techno-Natures: Biohybrid Objects, Life, and Technology“. Symposium, 2024, Frankfurt a. M., DE
Full text linkMeeting report: “Knowledge transfer in and through Living Labs”. International Conference and Training School, 2024, Aachen (hybrid), DE
Full text linkCitizen science approaches in medical and health research: Selected terms with focus on the degree of participation
Full text linkIn den Bürgerwissenschaften, auch bekannt unter dem englischen Begriff Citizen Science, existiert eine Vielzahl an Forschungsansätzen und Methoden. Während diese in vielen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen gut etabliert sind, finden sich augenscheinlich relativ wenige davon in der medizinischen und Gesundheitsforschung. Allerdings zeigt ein Blick in die Praxis, dass bürgerwissenschaftliche Ansätze in der Medizin und Gesundheitsforschung durchaus praktiziert werden, jedoch häufig unter anderen Namen. Der Artikel bietet aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive einen (selektiven) Überblick über Begriffe, reflektiert diese und die dahinterstehenden Methoden und diskutiert sie vergleichend. Im Fokus steht dabei der Grad der Beteiligung der Bürger*innen bzw. Patient*innen an wissenschaftlicher Forschung.In citizen science, a variety of research approaches and methods exist. While these are well established in many scientific disciplines, there are apparently relatively few of them in medical and health research. However, a glance at practice shows that citizen science approaches are indeed practiced in medical and health research, but often under different names. The paper therefore provides a (selective) overview of these terms, reflects on them and the methods behind them, and discusses them comparatively from an interdisciplinary perspective. The focus is on the degree of active participation of citizens and patients in research
‘Useful’ knowledge in scientific policy advice?: A linguistic epistemological project
Full text linkScientific policy advice is a special, hybrid type of scientific activity: science in its advisory function faces the conflict of having to present content in a scientifically credible, unbiased, and value-free form and, at the same time, to prepare it in a politically effective way, i.e., in a way that guides action and is publicly comprehensible. The resulting texts are therefore particularly interesting for approaching scientific research practices with regard to the question of how the struggle for epistemic quality and social legitimacy is reflected in their language and content in the (co-)construction of knowledge. Using exemplary cases, a current interdisciplinary DFG project investigates the practice of scientific policy advice in Germany in terms of form, content, and function from a linguistic and epistemological perspective.Scientific policy advice is a special, hybrid type of scientific activity: science in its advisory function faces the conflict of having to present content in a scientifically credible, unbiased, and value-free form and, at the same time, to prepare it in a politically effective way, i.e., in a way that guides action and is publicly comprehensible. The resulting texts are therefore particularly interesting for approaching scientific research practices with regard to the question of how the struggle for epistemic quality and social legitimacy is reflected in their language and content in the (co-)construction of knowledge. Using exemplary cases, a current interdisciplinary DFG project investigates the practice of scientific policy advice in Germany in terms of form, content, and function from a linguistic and epistemological perspective
AI and access to justice: How AI legal advisors can reduce economic and shame-based barriers to justice
Full text linkChatGPT – a large language model – recently passed the U.S. bar exam. The startling rise and power of generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems such as ChatGPT lead us to consider whether and how more specialized systems could be used to overcome existing barriers to the legal system. Such systems could be employed in either of the two major stages of the pursuit of justice: preliminary information gathering and formal engagement with the state’s legal institutions and professionals. We focus on the former and argue that developing and deploying publicly funded AI legal advisors can reduce economic and shame-based cultural barriers to the information-gathering stage of pursuing justice.ChatGPT – a large language model – recently passed the U.S. bar exam. The startling rise and power of generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems such as ChatGPT lead us to consider whether and how more specialized systems could be used to overcome existing barriers to the legal system. Such systems could be employed in either of the two major stages of the pursuit of justice: preliminary information gathering and formal engagement with the state’s legal institutions and professionals. We focus on the former and argue that developing and deploying publicly funded AI legal advisors can reduce economic and shame-based cultural barriers to the information-gathering stage of pursuing justice
AI for decision support: What are possible futures, social impacts, regulatory options, ethical conundrums and agency constellations?
Full text linkAlthough artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision-making systems have been around for some time, they have only recently gained in importance as they are now actually being used and are no longer just the subject of research. AI to support decision-making is thus affecting ever larger parts of society, creating technical, but above all ethical, legal, and societal challenges, as decisions can now be made by machines that were previously the responsibility of humans. This introduction provides an overview of attempts to regulate AI and addresses key challenges that arise when integrating AI systems into human decision-making. The Special topic brings together research articles that present societal challenges, ethical issues, stakeholders, and possible futures of AI use for decision support in healthcare, the legal system, and border control.Although artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision-making systems have been around for some time, they have only recently gained in importance as they are now actually being used and are no longer just the subject of research. AI to support decision-making is thus affecting ever larger parts of society, creating technical, but above all ethical, legal, and societal challenges, as decisions can now be made by machines that were previously the responsibility of humans. This introduction provides an overview of attempts to regulate AI and addresses key challenges that arise when integrating AI systems into human decision-making. The Special topic brings together research articles that present societal challenges, ethical issues, stakeholders, and possible futures of AI use for decision support in healthcare, the legal system, and border control
